• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2024

Hypercholesterolemia, a form of hyperlipidemia, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often linked to genetic variations in the APOE gene, particularly the ε4 allele, which influences LDL cholesterol levels. This study aimed to examine the association between APOE gene variants and plasma sphingomyelin levels in Korean individuals with hypercholesterolemia, using a metabolite genome-wide association study (mGWAS) approach. Data from 7,031 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. Genetic associations with cholesterol and sphingomyelin levels were evaluated through Exome chip analysis and metabolite profiling. Significant associations were identified between specific APOE variants (e.g., rs769449, rs4420638) and serum cholesterol levels. Additionally, certain SNPs were linked to variations in plasma sphingomyelin levels, suggesting a genetic influence on both lipid and sphingomyelin metabolism. The findings underscore the relevance of mGWAS in unraveling the genetic and metabolic pathways involved in hypercholesterolemia, offering potential biomarkers for disease risk and therapeutic targets.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2014

본 연구는 기업 연상이 기업태도에 영향을 미치는데 있어 신뢰의 매개역할을 고찰하고 있다. 특히 본 연구자들은 신뢰의 차원을 전문성 신뢰와 호의성 신뢰로 구분하고, 이러한 두 가지 신뢰가 감정적 신뢰를 매개로 기업태도에 미치는 효과를 고찰하였다. 분석결과, 기업 능력 연상은 전문성 신뢰에, 사회적 책임 연상은 호의성 신뢰에 각각 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업 유형별로 분석한 결과에서도 국내 기업과 해외 기업 모두에서 '기업 능력 연상 ${\rightarrow}$ 전문성 신뢰', '사회적 책임 연상 ${\rightarrow}$ 호의성 신뢰' 두 경로 간에 긍정적인 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 전문성 신뢰와 호의성 신뢰는 감정적 신뢰에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기업유형별 추가분석 결과에 의하면, 전문성 신뢰는 기업태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측을 하였으나, 이러한 경로결과는 해외기업의 경우에만 유의하게 나타났다. 끝으로 기업의 유형에 관계없이, 기업에 대한 감정적 신뢰가 형성되면, 해당 기업에 대한 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 소비자들이 기업에 대해 연상을 하고 이러한 연상으로 인하여 해당 기업에 대한 전문성 신뢰와 호의성 신뢰를 형성하게 되며, 이러한 두 가지 신뢰는 해당 기업에 대한 감정적 신뢰를 유발하고, 나아가 기업태도로까지 이어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-64
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• 1993

The photometric evolution of cluster stars are examined for six synthetic clusters in the age range from $2.4\times10^6\;yr\;to\;7.6\times10^8yr$ by using the detailed evolutionary model calculation, and their results are compared with the observed integrated absolute magnitude and colors of 47 clusters. The reasonable agreements of the observed photometric parameters with the synthetic evolutionary sequences imply that there is a general form of time-dependent IMF including the noncoeval formation of stars and its detailed function is changed slightly with various environmental conditions of each primordial cloud.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

Objectives: We investigated the associations of sarcopenia-defined both in terms of muscle mass and muscle strength-and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Secondary data pertaining to 309 subjects (85 men and 224 women) were collected from participants in exercise programs at a health center in a suburban area. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle strength was measured via handgrip strength. Sarcopenia based on muscle mass alone was defined as a weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index more than two standard deviations below the mean of a sex-specific young reference group (class II sarcopenia). Two cut-off values for low handgrip strength were used: the first criteria were <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and the second criteria were the lowest quintile of handgrip strength among the study subjects. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the combination of class II sarcopenia and being in the two highest quintiles of total body fat percentage among the subjects. The associations of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results: The age-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.47, p=0.008) in men and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19, p<0.001) in women, which were found to be statistically significant relationships. The RRs of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenic obesity were 1.31 in men (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.56, p=0.003) and 1.17 in women (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.25, p<0.001), which were likewise found to be statistically significant relationships. Conclusions: The associations of sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were statistically significant in both men and women. Therefore, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity must be considered as part of the community-based management of non-communicable diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2004

Dietary pattern analysis is important complementary approach for identifying associations between diet and chronic disease. A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary patterns and the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Data were collected from both 137 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 134 controls regarding social-demographic characteristics and food intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We conducted factor analysis and identified 6 major dietary patterns: 'Well-being diet' characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, yogurt, soybean paste and vegetables, 'Meat & fish', 'Milk & juice', 'Pork & alcohol', 'Rice & kimchi', and 'Coffee & cake'. We calculated factor scores for each participant and examined the associations between dietary patterns and colon cancer risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a relative risk for colon cancer of 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 - 0.34) when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of the 'Well-being' pattern. Significant trends of decreasing risk of colon cancer also emerged with the 'Milk & juice' (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.79). In contrast, inverse associations of the risk were found for 'Pork & alcohol' (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.93 - 3.97), 'Coffee & cake' (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07 - 4.46). For the 'Meat & fish' pattern, the decreased risk of colon cancer was observed in the second tertile, but not in the highest tertile when comparing to the lowest. The 'Rice & kimchi' pattern had a nonsignificant association with the risk. These data suggest that major dietary patterns derived from the FFQ associated with the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Since foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research in natural eating behavior may be useful for understanding dietary causes of colon cancer.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to enhance the understanding of scientific thinking of $5^{th}$ graders of elementary school through conducting investigative analyses on the students' associations with regard to illustrations on science textbooks and to provide basic data that are needed for the teachers teaching science in classrooms to reorganize textbook illustrations suitable to the realities of science contents and realms. In order to achieve the research purposes, subject $5^{th}$ grade students were asked to write down what they associated with the illustrations on the matter part of the $5^{th}$ science textbooks of elementary school: among 14 illustrations, a half of them were after lessons and other half from before lessons. The types of students' learning goal statements according to Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives were compared with the learning objectives provided in teachers' guide. The differences between before and after lessons in associated words which students used responding to given illustrations were investigated. Students' responses were analyzed in terms of how their associations were consistent with what their preference of learning objectives would be as well. Students variables including their achievement levels and gender were used as group variables in order to locate their effects on differences in their associations before and after the lessons. It was found that students manipulated the given illustrations more variously with more explanations before the lessons than after. After the lessons students tended to describe the illustrations more homogeneously and made theirs stick on the given direction by the textbooks. The implications for how school teaching affected to students' perception was made.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2012

서로 연결된 데이터들의 의미를 컴퓨터가 이해하여 자동으로 처리할 수 있는 시맨틱 기술의 보급이 확산되고 있다. 시맨틱 웹에서 데이터에 대한 처리는 데이터 자체에 대한 접근뿐만 아니라 데이터 상호간의 연관성 즉, 데이터 상호간의 의미에 대한 이해와 접근을 중요시 하고 있다. 시맨틱 웹의 데이터와 그 연관성을 표현하기 위해 W3C에서는 RDF를 표준 형식으로 제정하였으며 RDF로 표현된 데이터에 대한 질의 처리를 지원하기 위해 여러 RDF 질의어가 제안되었으나 시맨틱 연관성을 고려한 질의어 정의와 이에 관련한 질의 처리 기법은 계속적인 연구가 필요한 분야이다. 본 논문에서는 RDF 질의 처리를 위해 소개된 접미사 배열 기반의 인덱싱 기법을 기반으로 시맨틱 연관성의 대표적 유형인 ${\rho}$-path 질의를 처리하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 질의 처리 방법의 성능 평가를 위해 다른 두 가지 형태의 처리 방법을 구현하여 실험적으로 비교하였다. 평균 질의 처리 시간 측정을 통해 제안 기법이 다른 두 가지 처리 방법에 비해 각각 약 1.8~2.5배와 3.8~11배의 우수한 처리 성능을 보인다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.529-544
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• 2015

This study investigated consumer's fragrance preferences as well as image, color, and TPO associations with fragrance. Eight branded perfumes of four fragrance families were selected according to the top note (floral, fruity, green, and citrus) as stimuli; consequently, fragrance preferences and associations were measured. A survey that included a scent test was conducted; subsequently, 186 responses from male and female consumers in their twenties were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square analysis. The fruity fragrance was shown to be preferred the most. The perfume itself was associated with cool image, blue or pale tone colors, summer, and casual occasions in general, while a citrus fragrance was related to warm, winter, and deep tone colors in specific. Fragrance associations could be utilized in perfume marketing plans and activities such as advertising and packaging development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Background: DICER, one of the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis proteins, is involved in the maturation of miRNAs and is implicated in cancer development and progression. The results from previous epidemiological studies on associations between DICER rs1057035 polymorphism and cancer risk were inconsistent. Thereforewe performed this meta-analysis to summarize possible associations. Materials and Methods: We searched all relevant articles on associations between DICER rs1057035 polymorphism and cancer risk from PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure until August 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess any associations. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias assessments were also performed in this meta-analysis. All analyses were conducted using STATA software. Results: Seven case-control studies, including 4,875 cancer cases and 7,800 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that the C allele of DICER rs1057035 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased cancer risk in allelic comparison, heterozygote and dominant genetic models (C vs T: OR=0.88, 95%CI 0.81-0.95, p=0.002; TC vs TT: OR=0.85, 95%CI 0.77-0.93, p=0.001; CC/TC vs TT: OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.78-0.94, p=0.001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significantly decreased cancer risk was found in Asian but not Caucasian populations. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that the C allele of the DICER rs1057035 polymorphism probably decreases cancer risk. However, this association may be Asian-specific and the results should be treated with caution. Further well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes and group of populations are needed to validate these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2923-2933
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• 2016

Recently, we reported an inverse association between high 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb, a staple beverage in temperate South America) and breast cancer (BC) risk. Stronger inverse associations were found in high strata of tea, vegetable, fruit and energy intakes, and in overweight/obese women, suggesting possible roles for 'mate' mainly from its antioxidant contribution. The present study attempted to thoroughly explore possible associations among 'mate' and tea intake, dietary antioxidants and BC risk. Combining two databases of previous studies, 572 BC incident cases and 889 controls were interviewed with a specific questionnaire featuring socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food frequency questionnaire (64 items), focusing on 'mate' intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start, age at quit, duration of habit). Food-derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. The highest 'mate' intake was significantly inversely associated with BC risk for both low and high carotenoids (OR=0.40 vs. 0.41), vitamin C (OR=0.33 vs. 0.50), vitamin E (OR=0.37 vs. 0.45), flavonols (OR=0.38 vs. 0.48) and reduced glutathione (OR=0.48 vs. 0.46) strata. High tea intake showed significant inverse risk associations only with high carotenoids (OR=0.41), vitamin E (OR=0.48) and reduced glutathione (OR=0.43) strata. In conclusion, a strong and inverse association for 'mate' intake and BC was found, independent of dietary antioxidant levels. Also strong inverse associations with tea intake were more evident only at high levels of certain dietary antioxidants.