• Title/Summary/Keyword: assessment strategies

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Adaption of Phenological Eventsin Seoul Metropolitan and Suburbsto Climate Change (기후변화에 따른 수도권 생물계절 반응 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Hyomin Park;Minkyung Kim;Sangdon Lee
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2023
  • The rapid advance of technology has accelerated global warming. As 50.4 percent of South Korea's population is concentrated in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which has become a considerable emitter of greenhouse gases, the city's average temperature is expected to increase more rapidly than in other areas in the country. A rise in the average temperature would affect everyday life and urban ecology; thus, appropriate measures to cope with the forthcoming disaster are in need. This study analyzed the changes in plant phenological phases from the past to the present based on temperatures (average temperature of Feb, Mar, April) observed in seven different weather stations nearthe Seoul Metropolitan Area (Ganghwa, Seoul, Suwon, Yangpyeong, Icheon, Incheon, and Paju) and the first flowering dates of Plum tree (Prunus mume), Korean forsythia (Forsythia koreana), Korean rosebay (Rhododendron mucronulatum), Cherry tree (Prunus serrulate), Peach tree (Prunus persica), and Pear tree (Pyrus serotina). Then, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios were used to predict the future temperature in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and how it will affect plant phenological phases. Furthermore, the study examined the differences in the flowering dates depending on various strategies to mitigate greenhouse gases. The result showed that the rate of plant phenological change had been accelerated since the 1900s.If emission levels remain unchanged, plants will flower from 18 to 29 earlier than they do now in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which would be faster than in other areas in the country. This is because the FFD (First Flowering Date), is highly related to temperature changes. The Seoul Metropolitan Area, which has been urbanized more rapidly than any other areas, is predicted to become a temperature warming, forcing the FFDs of the area to occur faster than in the rest of the country. Changes in phenology can lead to ecosystem disruption by causing mismatches in species interacting with each otherin an ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies against temperature warming and FFD change due to urbanization.

Suggestion for Technology Development and Commercialization Strategy of CO2 Capture and Storage in Korea (한국 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 기술개발 및 상용화 추진 전략 제안)

  • Kwon, Yi Kyun;Shinn, Young Jae
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.381-392
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    • 2018
  • This study examines strategies and implementation plans for commercializing $CO_2$ capture and storage, which is an effective method to achieve the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas. In order to secure cost-efficient business model of $CO_2$ capture and storage, we propose four key strategies, including 1) urgent need to select a large-scale storage site and to estimate realistic storage capacity, 2) minimization of source-to-sink distance, 3) cost-effectiveness through technology innovation, and 4) policy implementation to secure public interest and to encourage private sector participation. Based on these strategies, the implementation plans must be designed for enabling $CO_2$ capture and storage to be commercialized until 2030. It is desirable to make those plans in which large-scale demonstration and subsequent commercial projects share a single storage site. In addition, the plans must be able to deliver step-wised targets and assessment processes to decide if the project will move to the next stage or not. The main target of stage 1 (2019 ~ 2021) is that the large-scale storage site will be selected and post-combustion capture technology will be upgraded and commercialized. The site selection, which is prerequisite to forward to the next stage, will be made through exploratory drilling and investigation for candidate sites. The commercial-scale applicability of the capture technology must be ensured at this stage. Stage 2 (2022 ~ 2025) aims design and construction of facility and infrastructure for successful large-scale demonstration (million tons of $CO_2$ per year), i.e., large-scale $CO_2$ capture, transportation, and storage. Based on the achievement of the demonstration project and the maturity of carbon market at the end of stage 2, it is necessary to decide whether to enter commercialization of $CO_2$ capture and storage. If the commercialization project is decided, it will be possible to capture and storage 4 million tons of $CO_2$ per year by the private sector in stage 3 (2026 ~ 2030). The existing facility, infrastructure, and capture plant will be upgraded and supplemented, which allows the commercialization project to be cost-effective.

Conceptualization of an SSI-PCK Framework for Teaching Socioscientific Issues (과학기술 관련 사회쟁점 교육을 위한 교과교육학적 지식(SSI-PCK) 요소에 대한 탐색)

  • Lee, Hyunju
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.539-550
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of the study is to conceptualize SSI-PCK by identifying major components and sub-components to promote science teachers' confidence and knowledge on teaching SSIs. To achieve this, I conducted extensive literature reviews on teachers' perceptions on SSI, case studies of teachers addressing SSIs, SSI instructional strategies, etc. as well as PCK. Results indicate that SSI-PCK include six major components: 1) Orientation for Teaching SSI (OTS), 2) Knowledge of Instructional Strategies for Teaching SSI (KIS), 3) Knowledge of Curriculum (KC), 4) Knowledge of Students' SSI Learning (KSL), 5) Knowledge of Assessment in SSI Learning (KAS), and 6) Knowledge of Learning Contexts (KLC). OTS refers to teachers' instructional goals and intentions for teaching SSIs. Teachers often present a) activity-driven, b) knowledge and higher order thinking skills, c) application of science in everyday life, d) nature of science and technology, e) citizenship and f) activism orientations for teaching SSIs. KIS indicates teachers' instructional knowledge required for effectively designing and implementing SSI lessons. It includes a) SSI lesson design, b) utilizing progressive instructional strategies, and c) constructing collaborative classroom cultures. KC refers to teachers' knowledge on a) connection to science curriculum (horizontal/vertical) and b) connection to other subject matters. KSL refers to teachers' knowledge on a) learner experiences in SSI learning, b) difficulties in SSI learning, and c) SSI reasoning patterns. KAS indicates teachers' knowledge on a) dimensions of SSI learning to assess, and b) methods of assessing SSI learning. Finally, KLC refers to teachers' knowledge on the cultures of a) classrooms, b) schools, and c) community and society where they are located when teaching SSIs.

A Study on Perceived Quality affecting the Service Personal Value in the On-off line Channel - Focusing on the moderate effect of the need for cognition - (온.오프라인 채널에서 지각된 품질이 서비스의 개인가치에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -인지욕구의 조정효과를 중심으로-)

  • Sung, Hyung-Suk
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.111-137
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    • 2010
  • The basic purpose of this study is to investigate perceived quality and service personal value affecting the result of long-term relationship between service buyers and suppliers. This research presented a constructive model(perceived quality affecting the service personal value and the moderate effect of NFC) in the on off line and then propose the research model base on prior researches and studies about relationships among components of service. Data were gathered from respondents who visit at the education service market. For this study, Data were analyzed by AMOS 7.0. We integrate the literature on services marketing with researches on personal values and perceived quality. The SERPVAL scale presented here allows for the creation of a common ground for assessing service personal values, giving a clear understanding of the key value dimensions behind service choice and usage. It will lead to a focus of future research in services marketing, extending knowledge in the field and stimulating further empirical research on service personal values. At the managerial level, as a tool the SERPVAL scale should allow practitioners to evaluate and improve the value of a service, and consequently, to define strategies and actions to address services for customers based on their fundamental personal values. Through qualitative and empirical research, we find that the service quality construct conforms to the structure of a second-order factor model that ties service quality perceptions to distinct and actionable dimensions: outcome, interaction, and environmental quality. In turn, each has two subdimensions that define the basis of service quality perceptions. The authors further suggest that for each of these subdimensions to contribute to improved service quality perceptions, the quality received by consumers must be perceived to be reliable, responsive, and empathetic. Although the service personal value may be found in researches that explore individual values and their consequences for consumer behavior, there is no established operationalization of a SERPVAL scale. The inexistence of an established scale, duly adapted in order to understand and analyze personal values behind services usage, exposes the need of a measurement scale with such a purpose. This need has to be rooted, however, in a conceptualization of the construct being scaled. Service personal values can be defined as a customer's overall assessment of the use of a service based on the perception of what is achieved in terms of his own personal values. As consumer behaviors serve to show an individual's values, the use of a service can also be a way to fulfill and demonstrate consumers'personal values. In this sense, a service can provide more to the customer than its concrete and abstract attributes at both the attribute and the quality levels, and more than its functional consequences at the value level. Both values and services literatures agree, that personal value is the highest-level concept, followed by instrumental values, attitudes and finally by product attributes. Purchasing behaviors are agreed to be the end result of these concepts' interaction, with personal values taking a major role in the final decision process. From both consumers' and practitioners' perspectives, values are extremely relevant, as they are desirable goals that serve as guiding principles in people's lives. While building on previous research, we propose to assess service personal values through three broad groups of individual dimensions; at the self-oriented level, we use (1) service value to peaceful life (SVPL) and, at the social-oriented level, we use (2) service value to social recognition (SVSR), and (3) service value to social integration (SVSI). Service value to peaceful life is our first dimension. This dimension emerged as a combination of values coming from the RVS scale, a scale built specifically to assess general individual values. If a service promotes a pleasurable life, brings or improves tranquility, safety and harmony, then its user recognizes the value of this service. Generally, this service can improve the user's pleasure of life, since it protects or defends the consumer from threats to life or pressures on it. While building upon both the LOV scale, a scale built specifically to assess consumer values, and the RVS scale for individual values, we develop the other two dimensions: SVSR and SVSI. The roles of social recognition and social integration to improve service personal value have been seriously neglected. Social recognition derives its outcome utility from its predictive utility. When applying this underlying belief to our second dimension, SVSR, we assume that people use a service while taking into consideration the content of what is delivered. Individuals consider whether the service aids in gaining respect from others, social recognition and status, as well as whether it allows achieving a more fulfilled and stimulating life, which might then be revealed to others. People also tend to engage in behavior that receives social recognition and to avoid behavior that leads to social disapproval, and this contributes to an individual's social integration. This leads us to the third dimension, SVSI, which is based on the fact that if the consumer perceives that a service strengthens friendships, provides the possibility of becoming more integrated in the group, or promotes better relationships at the social, professional or family levels, then the service will contribute to social integration, and naturally the individual will recognize personal value in the service. Most of the research in business values deals with individual values. However, to our knowledge, no study has dealt with assessing overall personal values as well as their dimensions in a service context. Our final results show that the scales adapted from the Schwartz list were excluded. A possible explanation is that although Schwartz builds on Rokeach work in order to explore individual values, its dimensions might be especially focused on analyzing societal values. As we are looking for individual dimensions, this might explain why the values inspired by the Schwartz list were excluded from the model. The hierarchical structure of the final scale presented in this paper also presents theoretical implications. Although we cannot claim to definitively capture the dimensions of service personal values, we believe that we come close to capturing these overall evaluations because the second-order factor extracts the underlying commonality among dimensions. In addition to obtaining respondents' evaluations of the dimensions, the second-order factor model captures the common variance among these dimensions, reflecting the respondents' overall assessment of service personal values. Towards this fact, we expect that the service personal values conceptualization and measurement scale presented here contributes to both business values literature and the service marketing field, allowing for the delineation of strategies for adding value to services. This new scale also presents managerial implications. The SERPVAL dimensions give some guidance on how to better pursue a highly service-oriented business strategy. Indeed, the SERPVAL scale can be used for benchmarking purposes, as this scale can be used to identify whether or not a firms' marketing strategies are consistent with consumers' expectations. Managerial assessment of the personal values of a service might be extremely important because it allows managers to better understand what customers want or value. Thus, this scale allows us to identify what services are really valuable to the final consumer; providing knowledge for making choices regarding which services to include. Traditional approaches have focused their attention on service attributes (as quality) and service consequences(as service value), but personal values may be an important set of variables to be considered in understanding what attracts consumers to a certain service. By using the SERPVAL scale to assess the personal values associated with a services usage, managers may better understand the reasons behind services' usage, so that they may handle them more efficiently. While testing nomological validity, our empirical findings demonstrate that the three SERPVAL dimensions are positively and significantly associated with satisfaction. Additionally, while service value to social integration is related only with loyalty, service value to peaceful life is associated with both loyalty and repurchase intent. It is also interesting and surprising that service value to social recognition appears not to be significantly linked with loyalty and repurchase intent. A possible explanation is that no mobile service provider has yet emerged in the market as a luxury provider. All of the Portuguese providers are still trying to capture market share by means of low-end pricing. This research has implications for consumers as well. As more companies seek to build relationships with their customers, consumers are easily able to examine whether these relationships provide real value or not to their own lives. The selection of a strategy for a particular service depends on its customers' personal values. Being highly customer-oriented means having a strong commitment to customers, trying to create customer value and understanding customer needs. Enhancing service distinctiveness in order to provide a peaceful life, increase social recognition and gain a better social integration are all possible strategies that companies may pursue, but the one to pursue depends on the outstanding personal values held by the service customers. Data were gathered from 284 respondents in the korean discount store and online shopping mall market. This research proposed 3 hypotheses on 6 latent variables and tested through structural equation modeling. 6 alternative measurements were compared through statistical significance test of the 6 paths of research model and the overall fitting level of structural equation model. and the result was successful. and Perceived quality more positively influences service personal value when NFC is high than when no NFC is low in the off-line market. The results of the study indicate that service quality is properly modeled as an antecedent of service personal value. We consider the research and managerial implications of the study and its limitations. In sum, by knowing the dimensions a consumer takes into account when choosing a service, a better understanding of purchasing behaviors may be realized, guiding managers toward customers expectations. By defining strategies and actions that address potential problems with the service personal values, managers might ultimately influence their firm's performance. we expect to contribute to both business values and service marketing literatures through the development of the service personal value. At a time when marketing researchers are challenged to provide research with practical implications, it is also believed that this framework may be used by managers to pursue service-oriented business strategies while taking into consideration what customers value.

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Local Winds Effects on the Water Surface Variation at the Shallow Estuary, Mobile Bay (해수순환모델(FVCOM)을 이용한 하구의 조위 변화에 미치는 국부적 바람의 영향)

  • Lee, Jungwoo;Yun, Sang-Leen;Oh, Hye-Cheol;Kim, Seog-Ku;Lee, Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.36 no.8
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    • pp.570-578
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    • 2014
  • A three-dimensional ocean circulation model was applied to a shallow estuary, Mobile Bay, to study local wind setup and setdown. Tides started from the northern Gulf of Mexico propagates up to the Mobile River system which is located in the north of the Mobile Bay. However, the tides started in the south of Mobile Bay were distorted when travelling upstream while affected by river discharge and local winds. The water surface elevation was less/over predicted responding north/south winds, respectively, when winds only at the Dauphin Island station (DPI) were used. However, the model predicted water surface elevation better when using two local winds from DPI and Mobile Downtown Airport (MDA). Wind speeds were greatly reduced (~ 88%) in about 43 km distance between DPI and MDA, and the canopy effects may be the reason for this. For this reason, the local winds are greatly responsible for local surface elevation setup and setdown especially at the shallow estuary like Mobile Bay.

Assessment of Low Impact Development (LID) Integrated in Local Comprehensive Plans for Improving Urban Water Cycle (도시 물순환 개선을 위한 도시기본계획과 저영향 개발(LID) 연계성 분석)

  • Kang, Jung-Eun;Hyun, Kyoung-Hak;Park, Jong-Bin
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.1625-1638
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    • 2014
  • Recently, Low Impact Development (LID) has been emphasized as a critical strategy for improving urban water cycle and adapting to climate change. LID is needed to be incorporated in urban planning and development process for effective implementation in the real world. However, little research has examined the relationship between urban planning and LID in Korea. This study addresses this critical gap by 1) examining whether current urban planning institutional system considers LID or not and 2) assessing the extent to which local comprehensive plans integrate LID in seven large cities. Study results show that a few planning guidelines declaratively mention the need of LID but they don't include specific LID strategies. In addition, we found that 7 local comprehensive plans in the sample received a mean score of 11.71, which represents 19.52% of the total possible points and there are wide variations among cities. These findings indicate that there is still considerable room for improvement of local governments on LID. We propose the revision of planning guideline by incorporating LID principles and non-structural and structural LID technologies.

The Characteristics of Lesson Planning of Pre-service Secondary Science Teachers (중등 예비과학교사들의 수업 계획에서 나타나는 특징)

  • Yang, Chanho;Lee, Jihyeon;Noh, Taehee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.187-195
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we investigated the characteristics of lesson planning of pre-service secondary science teachers and the factors which influenced in their lesson planning. Thirteen pre-service secondary science teachers at a college of education in Seoul participated in this study. Teaching-learning materials such as lesson plans and handouts, and lesson planning journals written by the pre-service teachers were collected. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to obtain information about their lesson planning activities. The analyses of the results revealed that most of the pre-service teachers did not systematically consider the national science curriculum and focused on planning one lesson only. Instructional objectives were not only considered as minor element in lesson planning, but also limited to cognitive domain. Devising teaching-learning strategies was found to be the starting point of the lesson planning. They accommodated constructivistic teaching-learning theory presented in their method courses through reflective evaluation of the experiences of learning in their secondary schools. The experiment activities that were presented in the textbooks were used themselves when they planned experiments as student activities, but other activities were planned depending on their personal experiences. Most pre-service teachers did not plan assessment because they could not recognize it as an element of lesson planning. These results may offer some implications in educating pre-service secondary science teachers on lesson planning.

An Analysis of Research Trend for Integrated Understanding of Environmental Issues: Focusing on Science Education Research on Carbon Cycle (환경 문제의 통합적 이해를 위한 국내외 연구 동향 분석 -탄소 순환 주제의 과학 교육을 중심으로-)

  • Park, Byung-Yeol;Jeon, Jaedon;Lee, Hyundong;Lee, Hyonyong
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.237-251
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    • 2020
  • Issues on climate change we are facing, such as global warming, are very important as it affects our lives directly. To overcome this, efforts to reduce greenhouse gases emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide) are necessary and these efforts should be based on our integrated understanding of carbon cycle. The purpose of this study is to examine the research trend on carbon cycle education and to suggest the value and direction of carbon cycle education for students who will be citizens of the future. We analyzed 52 carbon cycle education related studies collected from academic research databases (RISS, KCI, ERIC, Google Scholar, and others). As a result, we conclude that resources are still limited and more researches on verification and utilization of developed program, development of accurate and comprehensive tools for students' recognition and level assessment, developing educational model or teacher professional development, providing more appropriate curriculum resources, and the use of various topics or materials for carbon cycle education are necessary. Students' comprehensive understanding of the carbon cycle is important to actively react to the changes in the global environment. Therefore, to support such learning opportunities, resources that can be connected to students' daily experiences to improve students' understanding of carbon cycle and replace misconceptions based on the verification of existing programs should be provided in the classroom as well as the curriculum. In addition, sufficient exemplary cases in carbon cycle education including various materials and topics should be provided through professional development to support teachers teaching strategies with carbon cycle.

Exposure Assessment of PCDD/Fs and Monitoring of Health Effects on Workers and Resident near the Waste Incinerators in Korea (국내 일부 소각장 근로자와 주변지역주민들의 PCDDs/Fs 노출과 건강 영향 평가)

  • Hong, Yun-Chul;Lee, Kwan-Hee;Kwon, Ho-Jang;Jang, Jae-Yeon;Leem, Jong-Han
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.314-322
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    • 2003
  • Objectives : In this study, the exposure status of the hazardous substances from incinerators, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), were studied , and the relationship between the exposure of these hazardous substances and their heath effects on the workers and residents near municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators and an industrial incinerator investigated. Methods : Between July 2001 and Jure 2002, 13 workers at two MSW incinerators, 16 residents from the area around the two MSW incinerators, 6 residents from the control area, and further 10 residents near an industrial incinerator, estimated to emit higher levels of hazardous substances, were interviewed. Information, including sociodemographic information, personal habits, and work history, detailed gynecologic and other medical history were collected through interviews. Blood samples were also collected from 45 subjects, and analyzed for PCDD/DFs, by high resolution gas chromatography -high resolution mass spectrometry, using the US EPA 1613 method. In addition to the questionnaire survey, urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative injury biomarkers. The urinary concentrations of 8-OH-dG were determined by in vitro ELISA, and the MDA by HPLC, using u adduct with thiobarbituric acid. Results : The PCDD/DFs concentrations in the residents near the industrial incinerator were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. The average TEQ (Toxic Equivalencies) concentrations of the PCDD/DFs in residents near the industrial incinerator were 53.4pg I-TEQs/g lipid. The estimated daily intakes were within the tolerable daily intake range (1-4 pg I-TEQ/Kg bw/day) suggested by WHO (1997) in only 30% to the people near the industrial incinerator. Animal studies have already shown that even a low body border of PCDD/DFs, such as 10 ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage in laboratory animals. Our study also showed that the same body burden of PCDD/DFs can cause oxidative damage to humans. Conclusions : The exposures to PCDD/DFs and the oxidative stress of residents near the industrial incinerator, were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. Proper protection strategies against these hazardous chemicals are needed. Because a lower body burden of PCDD/Fs, such as 10ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage, the tolerable daily intake range should be restrictedly limited to 1pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day.

A Case Study on the Experience of Science Teacher Participating in Peer Coaching Meetings (동료 장학 모임에 참여한 과학교사의 경험 사례 연구)

  • Chung, Haengnam;Choi, Byungsoon
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.63-78
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    • 2013
  • Purposes of this study were to explore the process of experience that science teachers go through when participating in peer coaching meetings to improve teaching ability and to find out factors that affect each process of experience. The data were collected through recording of peer coaching meetings, videotapes of science class, and interviews. All the data were analyzed after transcription. The results of the study showed that even though Teacher K broke the ice and formed consensus among the peers by developing Content Representation (CoRe) at the beginning of the meetings, he became self-defensive rather than receptive of peers' opinions on the recorded class at the discussion session. But as the peer coaching went on, he realized that peer coaching was not about evaluation but rather on improving his teaching ability. In turn, he was able to look at his teaching in a more objective point of view and accepted suggestions from peer coaching discussion. The self-reflection of Teacher K acted as the key factor in the efforts to improve his teaching ability. He sought the concrete alternatives through the class analysis with fellow teachers and showed major changes in his teaching practice from the language habits, pronunciation, and speed of his speech to the interaction with students and class design. However, there was little change in knowledge of curriculum and assessment due to his strong orientation to improve students' grades as an academic high school teacher. Likewise, it was found that while peer coaching exert a strong influence on instructional methods and strategies of Teacher K, his strong orientation to improve students' grades hinders a balanced development of subcomponents of PCK.