• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2012

This study investigated the genes involved in the differentiation of odontoblasts derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs isolated from human tooth pulp were validated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). After odontogenic induction, hDPSCs were analyzed investigated by Alizaline red-S staining, ALP assay, ALP staining and RT-PCR. Differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was performed to screen differentially expressed genes involved in the differentiation of hDPSCs. By FACS analysis, the stem cell markers CD24 and CD44 were found to be highly expressed in hDPSCs. When hDPSCs were treated with agents such as ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate (${\beta}$-GP) and ascorbic acid (AA), nodule formation was exhibited within six weeks. The ALP activity of hDPSCs was found to elevate over time, with a detectable up-regulation at 14 days after odontogenic induction. RT-PCR analysis revealed that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression had increased in a time-dependent manner in the induction culture. Through the use of DD-PCR, several genes were differentially detected following the odontogenic induction. These results suggest that these genes may possibly be linked to a variety of cellular process during odontogenesis. Furthermore, the characterization of these regulated genes during odontogenic induction will likely provide valuable new insights into the functions of odontoblasts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1024-1050
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• 2001

Avian spermatozoa are characterised by high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosatetraenoic (DTA, 22:4n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4n-6) acids. As a result they are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation, which is considered to be an important factor of male infertility. Antioxidant systems are expressed in spermatozoa and seminal plasma and build three major levels of antioxidant defense. The first level is based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is, in conjunction with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and metal-binding proteins, responsible for prevention of free radical formation. The second level of defence is responsible for prevention and restriction of chain reaction propagation and includes chain-breaking antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid, glutathione and some others. The third level of antioxidant defence deals with damaged molecules, repairing or removing them from the cell and includes specific enzymes such as lipases, proteases, DNA repair enzymes etc. In the review, profiles of PUFAs and the two first lines of antioxidant defence in avian spermatozoa are characterised. Dietary manipulation of the breeder's diet (PUFA, vitamin E and selenium) as an effective means of modulating fatty acid composition and antioxidant system is also considered. Antioxidant properties of seminal plasma and efficiencies of inclusion of antioxidants into semen diluents are also characterised.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.470-474
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to identify antioxidant substance in heated onion. The isolation of active compound was performed in three steps: silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. The structure of the purified compound was determined using spectroscopic methods, i.e., ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and DEPT. The antioxidant activities of isolated compound were evaluated and compared with $\alpha$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) using DPPH and ABTS assay. The isolated compound was identified as 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one(DDMP). The DPPH radical-scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) of the DDMP was in the following order: ascorbic acid (45.3 ${\mu}g/mL$)>$\alpha$-tocopherol (69.2 ${\mu}g/mL$)>DDMP (241.6 ${\mu}g/mL$)>BHT (268.0 ${\mu}g/mL$). In addition, DDMP showed strong ABTS radical-scavenging activity of 569.0 mg AA eq/g.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and ultraviolet (UV)-protective effect of Pleurotus eryngii extract (PEE) in activated RAW 264.7 cells and UV-induced mouse skin damage. The results showed that PEE strongly inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 at high concentrations in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, PEE treatment suppressed erythema, melanin index, and epidermal thickness to a greater degree than ascorbic acid (AA) treatment in UV-irradiated mice. Finally, PEE treatment inhibited the infiltration of mast cell to a similar degree of AA treatment. Therefore, these results indicate that PEE could improve inflammation and skin damage in immune cells and UV-irradiated mice. This study may provide positive insights into PEE as a functional food and cosmetic ingredient for treatment of inflammation and skin damage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2018

Effects of different drying processes, such as hot air drying (HA), superheated steam with hot air drying (SHS/HA), and superheated steam with far infrared radiation (SHS/FIR), on the properties of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were studied. Characteristics of dried cherry tomatoes were determined by examining the water content, internal microstructure, and rehydration capacity under different drying processes. Moreover, ascorbic acid (AA) and lycopene levels were also measured to evaluate thermal damage caused by drying. Cherry tomatoes dried using both SHS/HA and SHS/FIR had water content and water activity similar to those of intermediate moisture food, indicating partial dehydration after combined drying processes. Although AA and lycopene levels decreased drastically after drying, tomatoes dried using SHS/FIR showed the lowest losses of AA and lycopene among samples. Cherry tomatoes dried using SHS/FIR showed a less compact internal cell structure than that of cherry tomatoes dried using HA and SHS/HA, resulting in the highest rehydration capacity. These results suggest that a combined drying process such as SHS/FIR is more effective than conventional hot air drying for the production of partially dried cherry tomatoes with improved quality attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2017

This study evaluated the functional components of barley bran with different particle sizes and cultivars (Dahan, Hinchalssalbori, Heukgwang, Huknuri, and Boseokchal). Barley bran divided into fractions I (<60 mesh), II (60~100 mesh), and III (>100 mesh) was collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of consecutive barley pearlers. Total ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. Total arabinoxylan was the highest in barley bran from Boseokchal in fraction II. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in bran from Boseokchal and Hinchalssal in fraction II, and contents ranged of 5.61~7.00 and 4.24~6.58, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranged from 2.78~7.53 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA) eq/g and 2.24~4.83 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were the highest in barley bran from Dahan in fraction II. In this study, fraction II showed enriched functional components and has the best particle size range for enriched antioxidant activities. These results provide useful data for selection of appropriate cultivars and particle size of bran to achieve high quality barley processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine the simultaneous extraction conditions of functional components (lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, total polyphenol, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds) from sweet potato leaves and to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Extraction conditions included different ethanol concentrations (1st extraction: 99.9% ethanol; 2nd extraction: 50~90% ethanol) and times (30, 60, and 90 min). The highest values of lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene content were obtained by the 2nd extraction at an ethanol concentration of 90%. The extraction yields of lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene decreased with increasing extraction time. The maximum polyphenol, flavonoid, and total phenolic acid contents and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities were 32.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 17.0 mg catechin equivalent/g, 2,842.6 mg/100 g, 17.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g, and 1.94 mg/mL ($IC_{50}$) at the 2nd extraction with an ethanol concentration of 60%. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows; ethanol concentrations of the extraction solvent were 99.9% (1st extraction) and 60% (2nd extraction), and extraction time was 30 min.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2008

To develop a functional juice using garlic (Allium sativum L.), heated garlic juice was investigated using a central composite design set with variables of treatment temperature (110, 115, 120, 125, and $130^{\circ}C$) and time (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr) using high temperature and pressure treatment apparatuses. Total soluble solid, total acidity, reducing sugar, total pholyphenol contents, electron donating activity (EDA), and ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) in heated garlic juice were increased with increasing heating temperature and time. The highest total soluble solid content was $17.81\;^{\circ}brix$ at $123.10^{\circ}C$ for 1.10 hr. The highest total acidity was 1.43% at $127.35^{\circ}C$ for 4.35 hr. The highest reducing sugar content was 86.67 mg/mL at $119.90^{\circ}C$ for 4.35 hr. The highest total polyphenol content was 8.42 mg/mL at $127.75^{\circ}C$ for 4.26 hr. The highest EDA and AEAC were 60.09%, and 7.40 mg AA eq/mL at $127.85^{\circ}C$ for 4.23 hr, and $128.10^{\circ}C$ for 4.18 hr, respectively.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2007

In this paper, mesoporous Pt on micro pillars Pt electrode is newly designed, fabricated, and characterized on silicon substrate for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor micro-chip integrated with CMOS readout circuitry. The fabricated micro/nano Pt electrode has cylindrical hexangular arrayed nano Pt pores with a diameter of 3.2 nm which is formed on top of the micro pillars Pt electrode with approximately $6{\mu}m$ in diameter, $6{\mu}m$ in space, and $50{\mu}m$ in height. The measured current responses of the fabricated plane Pt, mesoporous Pt, and mesoporous Pt on the micro pillar Pt electrodes are approximately $9.9nA/mm^2,\;6.72{\mu}A/mm^2,\;and\;7.67{\mu}A/mm^2$ in 10mM glucose solution with 0.1M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, respectively. In addition, the measured current responses of the fabricated plane Pt, mesoporous Pt, and mesoporous Pt on the micro pillar Pt electrodes are approximately $0.15{\mu}A/mm^2,\;0.56{\mu}A/mm^2,\;and\;0.74{\mu}A/mm^2$ in 0.1mM ascorbic acid (AA) solution with 0.1M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, respectively. This experimental results show that the proposed micro/nano Pt electrode is highly sensitive and promising for CMOS integrated non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor applications. Since the micro-pillar Pt electrode can also be utilized with a micro-fluidic mixer in the sensor chip, the sensor chip can be much smaller, cheaper, and easier to be fabricated.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic protective effects of mixtures of corn silk, perilla leaf and grape stem extract (CPG mixture) against UVB-induced skin damage and compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice. The results showed that treatment with CPG mixture exhibited much stronger suppressive effect on erythema and melanin index as well as melanin formation than treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, the treatment with CPG mixture showed ameliorative effect on immune cell infiltration and collagen fiber destruction in UV-irradiated mice. The treatment with CPG mixture inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated mice. Furthermore, the treatment with CPG mixture inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior and histological changes in mice. Taken together, these results indicated that CPG mixture has potentials as functional and therapeutic materials against skin damage and itch-related skin diseases.