• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

최근 인공지능의 다양한 활용은 기계학습의 딥 인공신경망 구조를 통해 가능해졌으며 인간과 같은 능력을 보여주고 있다. 불행하게도 딥 구조의 인공신경망은 아직 정확한 해석이 이루어지고 있지 못하고 있다. 이러한 부분은 인공지능에 대한 불안감과 거부감으로 작용하고 있다. 우리는 이러한 문제 중에서 인공신경망의 능력 부분을 해결한다. 인공신경망 구조의 크기를 계산하고, 그 인공신경망이 처리할 수 있는 데이터의 크기를 계산해 본다. 계산의 방법은 수학에서 쓰이는 군의 방법을 사용하여 데이터와 인공신경망의 크기를 군의 구조와 크기를 알 수 있는 Order를 이용하여 계산한다. 이를 통하여 인공신경망의 능력을 알 수 있으며, 인공지능에 대한 불안감을 해소할 수 있다. 수치적 실험을 통하여 데이터의 크기와 딥 인공신경망을 계산하고 이를 검증한다.

• 산업공학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.458-468
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• 2007

Artificial immune systems (AIS) are one of natural computing inspired by the natural immune system. The fault detection, the pattern recognition, the system control and the optimization are major application area of artificial immune systems. This paper gives a concept of artificial immune systems and useful techniques as like the clonal selection, the immune network theory and the negative selection. A concise survey on the optimization problem based on artificial immune systems is generated. The overall performance of artificial immune systems for the optimization problem is discussed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

This study examined the stability of cross- and box-type artificial reefs used to construct seaweed beds. Theoretical and experimental studies have clarified the Froude similitude. However, basic data needed to develop a more stable design for artificial reefs must be collected from long-term studies and analyses of sliding caused by waves. Hydraulic experiments are important for solving problems in the design and construction of artificial reefs. This study examined some design parameters for artificial reefs under wave and currents. The results showed the stability of cross- and box-type artificial reefs for constructing seaweed beds using a dimensionless parameter (the surf similarity parameter), water particle velocity, and so on. The hydraulics experiment indicated that the stability of artificial reefs differed according to their method of installation. This implies that artificial reefs should be installed after considering various environmental factors, such as wave breaking, reflection, and sediments.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.126-146
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• 2018

The current study explores students' views about artificial intelligence (AI) through analyses of their drawings and perceptions. The data were gathered from a total of 177 elementary school students. The constant comparative analysis was used as the data analysis method. Based on the result, the current study found that students' views about artificial intelligence were constructed into two distinct dimensions: form and relationship. The form dimension, students' views about artificial intelligence were categorized into human, household goods, machine, smart computer, electronic chip/algorithm, or the hybridized form related to the game of go such as AlphaGo. On the relationship dimension, students' views about artificial intelligence were categorized into servants, friends or enemy. Given the combination of two dimensions, the current study found two noted patterns. The first, students who viewed artificial intelligence as human form perceived artificial intelligence as a friend or an enemy. However, those who viewed artificial intelligence as non-human form perceived artificial intelligence as a servant or an enemy. Based on these results, educational implications related to the preparation of artificial intelligence era for elementary science education are discussed.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1997

Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment, and it has been causing various problems environmentally and economically. The firing technology in pottery industry was applied to the sludge treatment, and the final product was called artificial soil. For the production of artificial soil, lime and chabazite was used as additive, and the mixed material was thermally treated in the firing kiln at $300^{\circ}$ temperature for about 15 minutes. The physico-chemical characteristics of the artificial soil was analyzed and it showed that the artificial soil could be used as a soil conditioner for farmland. The concentrations of the toxic heavy metals in the artificial soil were lower than those in the soil quality standard for farmland. It was high in permeability, total nitrogen and total phosphorous concentrations and surface area of the artificial soil compared to the common field soil. Preliminary cost analysis showed that the sludge treatment cost for artificial soil was less than the disposal cost in the current landfill disposal method. This study illustrated that the artificial soil production process can be a feasible alternative for sludge treatment, and produced artificial soil may he applied to farmland without causing significant adverse effect. Further study is recommended for practical application of the system and verification of the longterm effect of the artificial soil on farmland.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

The remarkable achievements of the artificial intelligence in recent years are also raising awareness about its potential risks. Several governments and public organizations have been proposing the artificial intelligence ethics for sustainable development of artificial intelligence by minimizing potential risks. However, most existing proposals are focused on the developer-centered ethics, which is not sufficient for the comprehensive ethics required for ongoing intelligent information society. In addition, they have chosen a number of principles as the starting point of artificial intelligence ethics, so it is not easy to derive the guideline flexibly for a specific member reflecting its own situation. In this paper, we classify primitive members who need artificial intelligence ethics in intelligent information society into three : Developer, Supplier and User. We suggest a new artificial intelligence ethics, Seoul PACT, with minimal principles through publicness (P), accountability (A), controllability (C), and transparency (T). In addition, we provide 38 canonical guidelines based on these four principles, which are applicable to each primitive members. It is possible for a specific member to duplicate the roles of primitive members, so that the flexible derivation of the artificial intelligence ethics guidelines can be made according to the characteristics of the member reflecting its own situation. As an application example, in preparation for applying artificial intelligence to e-government service, we derive a full set of artificial intelligence ethics guideline from Seoul PACT, which can be adopted by the special member named Korean Government.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2000

The aim of this study is evaluate artificial soils which are used alone or in a blend with field soil for the greening of artificial ground. To achieve these, determination of physicochemical properties was made in four artificial media[Perlite small grain(PSG), perlite large grain(PLG), crushed porous glass+bark(AS), crushed porous glass(CPG)] used alone and/or in a blend with field soil, then evaluation of their effect on th plant growth of Ligustrum obtusifolium and Syringa vulgaris were conducted. In bulk density of root media at field capacity and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, LG and AS showed good performance. But, PLG was though to be unsuitable as artificial soil when used alone because of poor plant growth. PLG, AS, and CPG were thought to be good when it is used in a blend with field soil. But, PSG was thought to be unsuitable. In the result, PSG is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone for greening of artificial ground. PLG is recommended as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. AS is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone and in a blend with field soil. Thought CPG+field soil(v/v, 1:1) might be undesirable in consideration of the chemical properties in six months after planting, it was thought to be superior to th other treatments in the plant growth. CPG can be used as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. Follow-up studies are being conducted to investigate their effects on the plant growth of the other plants and the practical use of them in artificial grounds.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

2022년 개정 교육과정에 인공지능 교육 도입을 앞두고 인공지능을 학습 소재로 한 다양한 수업들이 개발되어야 하는 시점이다. 본 연구에서는 설계기반연구를 활용하여 설명가능한 인공지능을 기반한 인공지능 교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 인공지능의 기초, 활용, 윤리 세 분야를 골고루 포괄하며 실생활 사례와도 쉽게 연결시킬 수 있는 설명가능한 인공지능을 핵심 주제로 설정하였다. 일반적인 설계기반연구(Design-based research, DBR)에서는 3차 이상의 반복적인 과정이 이루어지지만 본 연구 결과는 1차 설계, 적용 및 평가에 대한 결과를 바탕으로 연구가 진행되었다. 추후 학교 현장에 적용하여 3차 수정 및 보완을 바탕으로 더욱 완성된 설명가능한 인공지능을 주제로 한 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 본 연구가 학교 현장에 도입되는 인공지능 교육의 발전에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

인공지능 기술로 인한 사회·윤리적 문제 사례가 발생하면서 인공지능의 위험과 부작용에 대한 사회적 관심과 함께 인공지능 윤리가 주목받고 있다. 인공지능 윤리는 알고, 느끼는 것에 그치는 것이 아니라 행동과 실천으로 이루어져야 한다. 이에 본 논문은 인공지능 윤리의 실천력을 강화하기 위한 인공지능 윤리 교육 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 인공지능 윤리교육 모델은 선행 연구 분석을 통해 교육목표와 인공지능을 이용한 문제해결 프로세스를 도출하고, 실천력 강화를 위한 교수학습방법을 적용하였으며 기존에 제안된 인공지능 교육 모델과 비교 분석하여 그 차이를 도출하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 인공지능 윤리 교육 모델은 컴퓨팅 사고력 함양과 인공지능 윤리의 실천력 강화를 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 인공지능을 이용한 문제해결 프로세스를 6단계로 제안하고, 인공지능 특성을 반영한 인공지능 윤리요소를 도출하여 문제해결 프로세스에 적용하였다. 또한, 인공지능 윤리 의식에 대한 사전·사후 평가와 과정 평가를 통해 인공지능 윤리 기준을 무의식적으로 확인하게 하고, 학습자 중심의 교수학습방법을 적용하여 학습자의 윤리 실천을 습관화하도록 설계하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 인공지능 윤리 교육 모델이 컴퓨팅 사고력을 함양하고, 인공지능 윤리가 실천으로 이어지는 인공지능 교육이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1972

In this article, the writer attempted to study the followings: (1) mother's knowledge of milk feeding (including method of sterilization, formula and feeding) (2) reasons of artificial feeding (3) how much mothers are concerned about their artificial feeding infants (4) condition of growth and development of artificial feeding infants. As the object of study, 96 mothers with artificial feeding infants, who had consulted dep't of pediatrics of two Hospitals in Seoul (Korea Hospital and Med. College Woo Suk Hospital, Korea Uni.) and well baby clinic of the two Health Centers (Sung Dong and Dongdaemoon), were randomly sampled. The data were treated by the statistic method of chi-square and percentage, and come to the following conclusion. 1. Knowledge of milk feeding Sterilization: 70 percentages of mothers know about the milk sterilization (including bottle, nipple and instrument), but 55 percentages of them do not know the nipple sterilization correctly. Formula: 69 percentages of mothers follow the indicator or in accordance with doctor's directions, but 31 percentages do at their option by reasons that the baby often coughs up the milk, the baby is too small, the baby often has digestive troubles, or the baby grow fleshy heavily etc, except family economic problems. Feeding: only half of mothers know the correct feeding method, especially they do not know how to determine the heat degree of milk and how to bubble up the baby correctly. They just do feeding according to the accepted usages. 2. Reasons of artificial feeding Of the reasons of artificial feeding, 18 percentages were caused by infants and 82 percentages by mothers. Most of the reasons are mainly due to the lack of breast milk and sufficient supply of nourishments rather than mother's deficiency or mother's abnormality. 3. Mother's concern for artificial feeding infants Mothers who are sharply concerned for their artificial feeding baby's growth and development: 63%, mothers who made the baby (artificial feeding infant) routine vaccinated: 81%, mothers who ear anxious about the baby's future personality forming : 68%, mothers who care about the baby's condition of nourishment; 60%, mothers who are anxious about tile selection of baby's food; 54%. 4. The growth and development of artificial feeding infants compared with Korean average infants. The artificial feeding infants are above the Korean average infants in stature by 1.21 centimeters and in weight by 0.3 kilograms. Conclusion: It has been said that there is no better food for infant than the breast milk. However, the artificial feeding has been used for the supplement of nourishments and as substitute food for the breast milk. And this artificial feeding could give the married women the chance to act in society and more opportunity to develop themselves and to work for others at home and other fields. Considering these advantages, artificial feeding should not be exclusive, but preferably should be more improved and inquired positively. And even in artificial feeding, what is most important is that mothers should recognize the requirement and need of artificial feeding clearly and correctly, and they should be accustomed to the correct knowledge and skills of artificial feeding in order to practice it appropriately. In some degree, they should be properly trained in school education process.