• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2013

In this paper, we studied the correlation between the activation energy($E_a$) of the raw materials and the structural characteristics of the White LED PKGs. The samples used in the study were composed of low power LED 3type and high power LED 5type. To calculate the activation energy($E_a$) of the White LED PKGs conducted three conditions of high temperature operation test based on the Arrhenius model. The number of samples used in the experiment is 10, respectively. The $T_j$ of Conditions and target specifics expressed $T_{j1}$, $T_{j2}$, $T_{j3}$. The activation energy ($E_a$) of the samples was calculated based on the value of the actually measured lifetime. We investigated the correlation between the activation energy ($E_a$) of the raw materials and the structural characteristics of the White LED PKGs. As a result, White LED PKGs activation energy($E_a$) value was confirmed that the material properties affected more than the structural characteristics of the LED PKGs and we found that activation energy of each LED Model has difference. Normally, The activation energy of phosphor of YAG type was indicated from 0.21 to 0.25[eV] and Silicate type was indicated from 0.12 to 0.16[eV]. According to the results, we confirmed that the activation energy of phosphor of YAG type is higher more than The activation energy of phosphor of Silicate type.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 1982

A powdered beverage with afruit flavor was stored at 4, 21, 35 and $45^{\circ}C$ for 180 days to study ascerbic acid destruction at the selected temperatures. Degradation of ascorbic acid in the model followed the first order reaction, and the temperature dependence of reaction rate constants at tested temperatures was accounted for by the Arrhenius equqtion. The calculated activation energy for the destruction of ascorbic acid was 3.3 Kcal/mole. The relationship between ascorbic acid content and sensory flavor score of the beverage indicated that samples with destruction of ascorbic acid over 25% showed objectionable flavor. An attempt was made to predict the quality of powdered beverage by using a simulation model. A comparision between ascorbic acid values from shelflife tests and the simulation program showed a good agreement within acceptable error. This result demonstrated that quality of powdered beverage could be predicted by using a computer simulation model with a desired accuracy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1178-1182
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• 2005

Survival of thermotolerant Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 in $20\%$ (w/v) skim milk was found to be $11.3\%$ after spray drying by using a pilot scale spray dryer with inlet temperature at $170^{\circ}C$ and outlet temperature at $85^{\circ}C$. The ability of dried cell to produce antimicrobial activity was not affected by the spray drying. The model system for predicting viability of spray-dried L. reuteri KUB-AC5 during long-term storage was established, based on the Arrhenius equation, and verified by experimental data, because the viability of cells during storage can be correlated with storage temperature. The viability during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ declined more rapidly than that storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2012

An electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC) is an electrochemical capacitor with relatively high energy density, typically hundreds of times greater than conventional electrolytic capacitors. EDLCs are widely used for energy storage rather than as general-purpose circuit components. They have a variety of commercial applications, notably in energy smoothing and momentary-load devices, and energy-storage and kinetic energy recovery system devices used in vehicles, etc. This paper presents an accelerated degradation test of an EDLC with rated voltage 2.7V, capacitance 100F, and usage temperature $-40^{\circ}C{\sim}65^{\circ}C$. The EDLCs are tested at $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively for 1,750hours, and their capacitances are measured at predetermined times by constant current discharge method. The failure times are predicted from their capacitance deterioration patterns, where the failure is defined as 30% capacitance decrease from the initial one. It is assumed that the lifetime distribution of EDLC follows Weibull and Arrhenius life-stress relationship holds. The life-stress relationship, acceleration factor, and $B_{10}$ life at design condition are estimated by analyzing the accelerated life test data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.311-314
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• 2009

A two-dimensional thermal response and ablation simulation code for predicting charring material ablation and shape change on solid rocket nozzle is presented. For closing the problem of thermal analysis, Arrhenius' equation and Zvyagin's ablation model are used. The moving boundary problem and endothermic reaction in thermal decomposition are solved by rezoning and effective specific heat method. For simulation of complicated thermal protection systems, this method is integrated with a three-dimensional finite-element thermal and structure analysis code through continuity of temperature and heat flux.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.75-83
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• 2005

A steady transonic dilute premixed combustion in a diverging channel is investigated by using asymptotic analysis. This model explores the nonlinear interactions between the near-sonic speed of the flow, the small changes in geometry from a straight channel, and the small heat release due to the one-step first-order Arrhenius chemical reaction. The reactive flow is described by a nonhomogeneous transonic small-disturbance (TSD) equation coupled with an ordinary differential equation for the calculation of the reactant mass fraction in the combustible gas. Also the asymptotic analysis reveals the similarity parameters that govern the reacting flow problem. The results show the complicated nonlinear interaction between the convection, reaction, and geometry effects and its effect on the flow behavior.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.610-614
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• 2007

Dynamic rheological properties of honeys with invert sugar at different mixing ratios of honey and invert sugar (10/0, 812, and 6/4 ratios) were evaluated at various low temperatures (-15, -10, -5, and $0^{\circ}C$) using a controlled stress rheometer for small-deformation oscillatory measurements. Honey-invert sugar mixtures displayed a liquid-like behavior, with loss modulus (G") predominating over storage modulus (G') (G">>G'), showing the high dependence on frequency (${\omega}$). The magnitudes of G' and G" increased with a decrease in temperature while their predominant increases were noticed at -10 and $-15^{\circ}C$. The greater tan ${\delta}$ values were found at higher temperature and ratio of honey to invert sugar, indicating that the honey samples at subzero temperatures become more viscous with increased ratio of honey to invert sugar and temperature. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was used to bring G" values at various temperatures together into a single master curve. The TTS principle was suitable for the honey samples in the liquid-like state. The progress of viscous property (G") was also described well by the Arrhenius equation with high determination coefficients ($R^2=0.99$). Dynamic rheological properties of honey samples seem to be greatly influenced by the addition of invert sugar.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.505-509
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• 2017

Water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder were investigated in temperature and relative humidity ranges of 10 to $40^{\circ}C$ and 32 to 75%, respectively. Water vapor was initially adsorbed rapidly and then reached equilibrium condition slowly. Reaction rate constant for water vapor adsorption of vacuum-dried jujube powder increased with an increase in temperature. The temperature dependency of water activity followed the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The net isosteric heat of sorption increased with an increase in water activity. Good straight lines were obtained with plotting of $1/(m-m_0)$ vs. 1/t. It was found that water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder was accurately described by a simple empirical model, and temperature dependency of the reaction rate constant followed the Arrhenius-type equation. The activation energy ranged from 50.90 to 56.00 kJ/mol depending on relative humidity. Arrhenius kinetic parameters ($E_a$ and $k_0$) for water vapor adsorption by vacuum-dried jujube powder showed an effect between the parameters with the isokinetic temperature of 302.51 K. The information on water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder can be used to establish the optimum condition for storage and processing of jujube.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Present study examines the numerical issues of cell structure simulation for various regimes of detonation phenomena ranging from weakly unstable to highly unstable detonations. Inviscid fluid dynamics equations with $variable-{\gamma} $ formulation and one-step Arrhenius reaction model are solved by a MUSCL-type TVD scheme and 4th order accurate Runge-Kutta time integration scheme. A series of numerical studies are carried out for the different regimes of the detonation phenomena to investigate the computational requirements for the simulation of the detonation wave cell structure by varying the reaction constants and grid resolutions. The computational results are investigated by comparing the solution of steady ZND structure to draw out the minimum grid resolutions and the size of the computational domain for the capturing cell structures of the different regimes of the detonation phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

The analytical modeling has been established on the self-propagation of intermetallic reaction in the spanwise direction of highly reactive boron and titanium nanoscale multilayers. Assuming that the reaction obeys Arrhenius kinetics, two-dimensional computations are carried out for heat and atomic species diffusion with exothermic reaction model in order to simulate the self-propagation of intermetallic reaction. The effects of bimetallic layer thickness and thickness ratio on the reaction propagation speed are tested and discussed in addition to the assessment of pre-mixing zone effects.