• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2006

The intent of this study is to propose future planning guidelines and directions of the mixed-use buildings in the residential land development district in country-side cities, based on the concept that the neighborhood facilities are to be strategically laid out in a convenient location and planned in a proper manner for a healthy, safe, friendly and new neighborhood environment. For this purpose, seventeen mixed-use buildings which had been built in Shin-Eum housing development district in Gimcheon from 1995 until 2004 were chosen and investigated in terms of architectural characteristics in that process with surveying and analyzing those. The scope of investigation on case studies was that site size would be below 400 square meters, total area below 1500 square meters, and the number of stories below five stories high on the ground. Method of investigation on those was through field investigation, field photographs, recordings and drawings on those. Investigative contents have been divided and analyzed into the quantitative and qualitative factors in urban and architectural dimension. From results of quantitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. From results of qualitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. The criteria will be applied to new architectural developments of the neighborhood facilities linked with the small shops.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.740-746
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• 2010

Most important characteristics of calcareous sand are the particle angularity and hollow structure. These characteristics lead to the different behavior of calcareous sand compared to siliceous sand. This study performs a series of dilatometer test using calibration chamber, in order to analyze the effect of particle characteristic of calcareous sand on DMT indices. From experimental test, it is observed that the horizontal stress index($K_D$) and dilatometer modulus($E_D$) of calcareous Jeju sand is underestimated compared to siliceous sand. This is because the particle crushing during penetration induces the less contraction of the dilatometer membrane. A slightly smaller influence of particle crushing is reflected in $E_D$ rather than $K_D$, because $P_1$ pressure reflects the deformation characteristics of un-crushed particle relatively well. It is also observed that $K_D$ of Jeju sand is differently influenced by the vertical effective stress compared with that of siliceous sand.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.4 s.21
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• pp.9-24
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• 1999

This study is on architectural characteristics of the existing ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories in Buddhist temple. The Yo-Sa has had the function of space for not only monasticism but also living of buddhist priests and been one of the important spaces in Buddhist temple from the beginning of it. The Yo-Sa with two stories appeared mostly in the later Chosun Dynasty, so the origin of the Yo-Sa with two stories is thought that it might relate to the circumstances of temples in the later Chosun Dynasty. Having got in the period of Chosun Dynasty, Buddhism lost the power that he has enjoyed since Korea Dynasty was established and the economic power of temples as well. Because of a change for the worse, the Buddhist priests should manage with reduced income and combine many buildings with various functions into a singular to overcome their circumstances. Therefore a waekened economic power might be a primary factor which urged to change form of Yo-Sa from one-storied to two-storied. The ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories have the Dae-Bang-Chae for worship, Seung-Bang for Buddhist's living room in the bottom floor and garnering spaces to store up the agricultural produce, miscellaneous article, etc in the top floor. The composition methods depend on the condition of the lay of land, intentional design, and so on. Therefore, the ㅁ-shped Yo-Sa with two stories shows the diversity of space composition and architectural characteristics.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.63-76
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• 1998

Seowon(書院) was an institute for education and sacrificial rite, established privately in rural villages throughout the middle period of the Chosun dynasty(1392-1910), where scholars researched classic studies, cultivated personal characters in accordance with the Neo-Confucianism, nurtured young disciples, and performed rites at a secluded shrine where spiritual tablets of honorees were housed. This study examines the architectural characteristics of Pilamseowon(筆巖書院) in Chans'seong, Chollanamdo Province, Korea. Through the study, the architectural characteristics of Pilamseowon were found as follows: First, Pilamseowon moved twice since it had been established. Second, through the moving, the area of Pilamseowon was expanded and buildings were added. Third, some buildings of Pilamseowon reflect the previous condition of the seowon site. Take Hwakyeonroo(廓然樓) as an example, which is the main entrance pavilion of Pilamseowon. Pavilion is an appropriate type of building in sloped site. Before Hwakyeonroo was moved to the present site, it was located on sloped site, where Hwakyeonroo accordingly took the pavilion type of building. Present site condition of Pilamseowon is plane, nonetheless, Hwakyeonroo has the pavilion type of building, which reflects the previous condition of the building site. Forth, Pilamseowon consists of six spatial domains and each domain has its own entrance gate to outer area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2014

Because the 'image' is the 'reality' in this era, there are the characteristics dematerialized between reality and non-reality in the contemporary architecture. These are promoting individualization, differentiation and multi-layered time with the development of electronic technology. This trend emphasizes the importance of imagines that are not only homogenized, simultaneous but also overlapped, multi-layered, discriminatory. Perspectives and essential characteristics of the architectural skin are changing in terms of the technical and social awareness and that means the skin has features as a complex body. Recently as an imagine creator, the architectural skin make form of media boundaries reflecting the various relationships between the observer and the external environment and also, the interior space become another sensory skin by removing the boundaries of the internal and external. It is important that making an identity of the architecture defined by the media or the imagine as well as the importance of space in architecture. These changes of skin make the third space based on the viewer's imagination and show the potential of new architectural skin with the expansion space by blurring the boundary between reality and illusion. It occurs to the diversity of the architectural skin with the identity. It will more diversified and be recognized immediately and sensibly through the interface attributes in contact with the city directly. In addition, it is more important that the skin become a unified body related with urban, social and cultural context.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.2 s.34
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• pp.61-69
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• 2003

Manfredo Tafuri's Ideological criticism in architecture has opened a new horizon to interpreting architecture in modern capitalist architecture for it views architecture not just as a style or formal invention, but in terms of socio-economical process. It offered a comprehensive understanding of a chaotic situation of contemporary architecture and historical meaning modern architectural movements in relation with capitalistic development. However, it has been criticized as architectural pessimism which does not allow any possibility for progressive architectural practice. It was also criticized of epistemological problem of how one could be outside ideology without assuming true consciousness against false consciousness of ideology. Tafuri solves this problem by assuming Althusserian activist concept of knowledge and suggest the concept of labor of writing history of critical historians, instead of a design for utopian society, as a possible critical architectural practice. However, I argue that ultimately ideological criticism does not deny architectural practice itself, nor researches on formal characteristics of architecture. The problem lies rather in the architectural Intellectuals' attachment to the traditional concept of architect as a form giver to the society. By rejecting this myth and broadening the concept of architectural practice from design to production, we can find that Ideological problem is not architectural pessimism, but rather it opens up a new way of approaching to the problem of architectural practice in modern capitalist society.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2012

This research aims to demonstrate the sociocultural significance of architectural journals produced in the 1970s during which a fundamental reconsideration of architectural discipline has been made. To this end, we established a method of analysis adapted to the characteristics of architectural journals of that period. In this formulation, the relative autonomy of architectural journal with regard to various actors and institutions involved in its production emerged as a major criterion for the analysis of a journal. From this methodological reflection, we analyzed two French architectural journals, AMC published between 1973 and 1981 and l'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui between 1974 and 1977, which were produced both in close relation with parisian architectural schools (UPA) in the context of reestablishment of architectural education and beginning of architectural research in France after the events of May 1968. If these journals reflected and strengthened the architectural reality and especially the social network of their protagonists, it is equally important to note that they have transformed it into cultural network, and this by the mechanism proper to their preparation and their textual organization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3698-3703
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• 2012

The architectural design process is consisted of the phase of programming and the phase of the design. The contemporary architectural scheme, as a datascape, a rhizome structure and a diagram, is based on the concept of modern physics. And it is applied on the phase of design by synthesizing data. Like this, the design of the architectural field is accomplished in the phase of design. For design of the architectural field, the characteristics of the architectural field is considered as the viewpoint of design in the procedure. First, according to the area which is defined by relations of environments, around architectures and so on, the net system of relations is designed as area. Second, design the linkage between building and space, building and building, space and space, according to the correspondence each other. Third, design the method or form of connecting building and space to one as a building and a space are no longer divided but are understood by one. As a result, for the design of architectural field, it is necessary to define the criteria by the characteristics of architectural field and the architectural field is designed by process.

• Architectural research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

These days the copyright plays a significant role in various fields of creative works and it has expanded dramatically into unprecedented ways. In Korea, architectural works copyright cases are rare due to the lack of information and understanding of the architectural works copyright. Architectural works copyright can promote architects' creative activities and enhance the quality of architectural works as art. Nevertheless, there is little effort to advance the studies of architectural works copyright in the architectural design area. Under these circumstances, this research attempts to share the basic case laws and remedies for various architectural works copyright issues in the U.S. cases. This Article examines the Thomas Shine v. David M. Childs and Skidmore Owings & Merrill, LLP Case which is the most recent case as I could reach. This case is about a story between two architects, one is from a very prestigious architectural design firm and the other, once Yale Architectural student, now practices his design work as an up-and-coming architect. A close examination of this case will provide a legal and architectural spectrum of copyright. That is, it will make it more specific how to solve the copyright infringement. Artistic and technological contexts are overlapped in Architectural works copyright as its inherent characteristics. Therefore, different ways from other copyrighted works are needed to access the untangled equations of the architectural works copyright protection. In addition, more comprehensible and specific regulations that can impose a remedy more suited to the architectural works copyright violations are needed and they should enable architects to fulfill their architectural activities under wide range of copyright protection. Moreover, in prior to all efforts to handle those equations, fundamental knowledge of architectural works copyright is required to improve the copyright protection in the architectural design area as well as to provide for the globalizing design practice. Ultimately, all of these efforts will be rewarded when constant researches based on Korean and other countries' architectural copyright cases can support them and it would be great if this research can set the stage for resolving expected copyright conflicts within the architectural design area.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.14-18
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• 2019