• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 1985

The morphology and histology of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the mole, Talpa micrura coreana (Thomas), were studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. Tissue specimens were taken from body and pyloric portions of the stomach, and from the initial, proximal, middle, distal and terminal portions of the intestine. For light microscopy, tissue blocks were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin wax, and sectioned at a thickness of $5{\mu}m$. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For scanning electron microscopy, tissue blocks were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde, and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded alcohol, transferred to isoamylacetate and dried by the critical point drier(Polaron E 3000). Subsequently, specimens were coated with gold and observed with a JSM-35C scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: The mucous membrane of the body portion of the stomach had numerous irregular folds and the pyloric mucosa formed the strawberry-shaped folds, and general histological structures of each portion were similar to those of man. The intestine could not be differentiated macroscopically and microscopically into small and large intestines. There was no cecum, appendix, taenia coli, haustra coli or appendices epiploicae. In the initial portion (4 mm long), conical or tongue-shaped villi with the height of $143.3{\pm}10.7{\mu}m$ were present, and large mucous glands were seen in the submucosa. In the proximal, middle and distal portions, wavy folds composed of the epithelium and lamina propria were densely and transversely arranged, and their heights were $440.4{\pm}45.5{\mu}m,\;454.4{\pm}19.9{\mu}m\;and\;205.2{\pm}33.5{\mu}m$, respectively. The mucosa of the terminal portion (3 cm long) formed several longitudinal folds, and the intestinal glands were directly opened on the smooth surface of the folds. Aggregated lymphoid follicles were observed in the major portions of the intestine except the initial and terminal portions. There was no circular or semilunar fold throughout the intestine.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

An experimental study has been carried out to examine development length effects for high strength headed deformed bars. Current design codes limit the specified yield strength of headed bars to 400 MPa. Such the limit is due to the lack of experimental studies on headed bars made of high strength materials. Thus a test program was planed with headed bars with the yield strength of 600 MPa. The threaded head type with head shapes of round plate and circular cone was selected in this study. The experimental variables were development length, number of bars, and head shape. Specimens were classified into L-type and S-type depending on the development length. The development length of L-type was computed according to the design code without considering the limit. S-type specimens had shorter development lengths than the L-type. Further classification was made depending on the shape of heads. A-types have the head shape of round plate and B-types have the shape of circular cone. Three L-type specimens were fabricated with the variable of number of bars (1, 2, and 3). Four specimens for each of SA and SB types were made with development lengths of 50%, 45%, 40%, and 35% compared with L-type. Pullout tests was carried out with 11 specimens. The test results were compared with computed strengths with the design code equations (Appendix II). Based the current studies, it can be said that high strength headed deformed bars used in this study be able to provide such strengths computed with the current design code without considering the yield strength limit.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.131-164
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• 2012

This paper is to make a generalization of Keyongyegimunrok(經義記聞錄) by Namdang Han Wonjin(1682~1751) whose historical positions of philosophy were contained, and to examine its established periods and the summaries of Ligi-Simseong Doseol(理氣心性圖說, illustrated Account of principle, Vital force, and Heart-mind) given in Appendix of Chap. 6. Total seventeen explanatory diagrams cover over the theory of principle and material force, theory of Heart-mind, theory of cultivation. These explanatory diagrams were produced systematically and easily to understand the pursuits of study, so-called Ho-hak(湖學), since Namdang becoming a member of the Yellow River(黃江) school. The philosophical argumentations of Namdang was usually succeeded by the orthodox stream of Ki-ho(畿湖) School transmitted from Ii, Song Si-yeol, Gwon Sang-ha. Ligi-wollyu-do(理氣源流圖), Ligi-dongjeong-do(理氣動靜圖), irwon-bunsu-do(一原分殊圖, 4 diagrams) are diagrams equivalent to Ki-ho School's ontology. As Ki-ho School's theory of Heart-mind, there are Seongjeong-hoenggan-do(性情橫看圖), Seongjeong-sugan-do(性情竪看圖), Seongjeong-chonghwoi-do(性情總會圖), Oseonghoju-do (五性互主圖), Oseongchubon-do(五性推本圖), Simseongmyohap-do (心性妙合圖), Simseongiji-do(心性二岐圖), Jungyongcheonmyeong-do(中庸天命圖), Insim dosim-do(人心道心圖), focusing on Simtongseongjeong-do(心統性情圖), and last diagram is Wihakjibang-do(爲學之方圖), which adapted from the diagram established by Ii and Song Si-yeol. The significance of Keyongyegimunrok(經義記聞錄) is comprehensive of the pursuits of the Yellow River school's studies, and provides evidence of a leading figure in Ho-hak.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.563-571
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety contents presented in high school science textbooks of the 2015 revised national science curriculum. For these, we found safety contents in the inquiries and appendices of 63 science textbooks: integrated science, science inquiry experiment, physics I, II, chemistry I, II, biology I, II, and earth science I, II. We analyzed these safety contents using six safety factors based on the seven standards for safety education. The main results are as follows: First, 81(46.0%) inquiries among 176 curriculum inquiries contain safety contents, and these contents are mainly found in chemistry textbooks, and the least in 'science inquiry experiment' textbooks. Second, safety contents are found the most in 'laboratory safety rule', followed by 'safety symbol' and 'usage of protection equipment'. Third, the safety contents of appendices are mainly in 'laboratory safety rule' and 'accident treatment'. Based on these results of this study, it is concluded that these textbooks have problems; that there is a big difference in describing safety contents in each textbook; that these safety contents are not presented in detail and that the educational effect is reduced. Furthermore, the safety symbol is not standardized. We also discussed ways to improve the safety contents of science textbooks.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of various concentrations of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HTT) pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.Methods Colitis was experimentally induced by feeding rats with water mixed with 5% (w/v) DSS for 20 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal group (Nor, n=5), the control group - colitis induced rats with no treatment (Con, n=5), the acupuncture group - colitis induced rats with acupuncture applied on ST25 (Acu, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 1 - colitis induced rats with 0.729 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-1, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 2 - colitis induced rats with 3.645 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-2, n=5). The changes in weight, excrement concentration and hemafecia were observed 5 times every 2 days. The colon lengths were measured from appendix to the end of colon after the experiment. Hematological and serological exams were conducted the day after the last treatment by cardiac puncturing anesthetized rats.Results ST25 is the abdominal front point (募穴) of large intestine meridian and is known to have effect in colitis. Various concentrations of HTT pharmacopuncture (HTTP) applied on ST25, in rats with DSS-induced colitis inhibited decrease in colon lengths and body weight in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups. Hematological and serological exam results also showed that HTTP has significant effect on colitis in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups.Conclusions Colon lengths were significantly increased in the acupuncture group, PA-1 group and PA-2 group, compared to the control group. The body weight was significantly increased (p<0.05) in PA-2 group after the first treatment, compared to the control group. TNF-α, IL-6, AST were significantly decreased in PA-1 and PA-2 groups, compared to the control group.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.373-404
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the overall situation related to the engravings included in Buddhist scriptures produced in the Goryeo Dynasty. at the wooden board in Hae-in Temple(海印寺)'s ${\ll}$Hwa-eomgyeong(華嚴經)${\gg}$ are Ju-bon(周本) 80sheets(5sheets duplicates), Jin-bon(晉本) 12sheets, and ${\ll}$Ye-sugyeong(豫修經)${\gg}$ 44sheets, and There is a print of ${\ll}$cheon-tae-eun-sa-han-san-seub-deug-si-jib(天台隱士寒山拾得詩集)${\gg}$ at Songgwang Temple(松廣寺). Also ${\ll}$Uhjebijangjeon(御製秘藏詮)${\gg}$ included in the Koryo period Chojo Tripitaka is the Emperor $T{\grave{a}}iz{\bar{o}}ng$ of $S{\grave{o}}ng$ Poetry collection owned by Japan's Nanzanji(南禪寺). In each book from volume 1-20(volume17 is not there), there were 5 sheets of engravings and most of them are located in the same locations (1,5,9,13,17). And than 50 engravings that are contained in volume 1-10 are used repetitively in volume 11-20. In Volume 21 that corresponds to appendix, 3 engravings. This has a big value in that this is a Booljeondo(佛傳圖) of the fastest period that was made in Korea. In Chapter 3, we looked at the publications of the Goryeo Dynasty by century. We have confirmed that among 19 types of the 12 kinds of printed materials.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2019

Modern society has become a key factor in determining software competitiveness. Therefore, Korea has required more than 17 hours of software education per year in the actual course subject to the 2015 revised curriculum. In this paper, we analyzed the software related units in 6 kinds of textbooks of elementary school published based on '2015 revised curriculum' and tried to provide basic data for selection of textbooks related to software education in elementary school. As a result of the analysis, the 6 revised textbooks of 2015 appropriately reflected both 'understanding of software', 'procedural problem solving', 'contents of programming element and structure', and I was suggesting appropriate activities. Unit support materials use comics and illustrations to stimulate interest, supplement text, and deepen learning. Four kinds of textbooks provide additional information by presenting reading materials. However, in most textbooks, the proportion of learning using the appendix was low. Although it consists of units focused on knowledge understanding and practice, it can be a textbook that enhances students' interest and participation if they are made of software in daily life, problem solving by procedural thinking, and so on.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the predictive factors for prolonged length of stays of adult patients with acute appendicitis (AA) in an emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a retrospectively clinical study including patients in an ED. All patients were diagnosed from the clinical symptoms and a typical physical examination, and had undergone a computed tomography (CT) evaluation on the ED visiting date. All data were collected from the electrical medical records. The clinical parameters analyzed were the laboratory data, including the white blood cell count with differential values, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, initial vital signs, duration of admission, coexisting perforation of the appendix in the CT findings. The relationship between the clinical parameters and length of stay was assessed. Results: A total of 547 patients with AA were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 270 male patients with a mean age of $40.7{\pm}15.8years$. The baseline characteristics, initial clinical features, laboratory, and imaging studies results of 129 patients in the prolonged length of stay (pLOS) group, and 418 patients of the non-pLOS group in AA were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the predictive factors related to pLOS in AA to be as follows: age 40 years or older, body temperature over $37.3^{\circ}C$, CRP level greater than 5.0 mg/dL, and evidence of perforation in CT findings (P<0.001). Conclusion: If we check age, fever, CRP level and find evidence of perforation, it might be helpful for predicting the increasing period of length of hospital stay for patients with AA in ED.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2023

The god of water, Baltara (Bhadra: in the northern part of India), Tammola Around 563-483, he came to Tamra with 900 Arhats (BC483-AD1105, during the reign of King Sukjong of Goryeo, the kingdom of Tamra became Hangun-hyeon in Goryeo). It is the spread of Buddhism through the world's most sacred water (Heiligkeit, one of the four elements water, fire, air, and earth) and the world's largest Arhat The reverse of Halla, appendix: to find the stone statue of Buddha at Seogo Temple in Jeonju, Hwangbangsan. Since ancient times, Jeju people have called Truth Mt. that Mt. Halla protects against typhoons blowing from the south. It looks like it has been hardened by fire. On the coming day, the greatest breath of Venerable Baltara in Jeju is Olle Road No. 1 from Siheung-ri, Seongsanpo to No. 26 Gujwa-myeon Jongdal-ri. It is the Oval Jeju "Road Way" that clearly shows "the beginning is the end, and the end is the beginning" of Cheonbugyeong.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.329-348
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• 2023

This study is necessary for the stable settlement of the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum 'data and possibility' area. This study was conducted centering on literature analysis. The purpose of this study is to realize statistics education in line with the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum. This purpose was achieved by examining the statistics learning contents of the 2022 revised curriculum, analyzing Chinese mathematics curriculum, and analyzing Chinese mathematics textbooks. In this study, the following studies were conducted. First, five elements were extracted through the analysis of the 'statistics and probability' area of the Chinese mathematics curriculum. The extracted elements are the 4th grade goals, synthesis and practice content areas, achievement standards for statistics and probability (6), (9), and (11). Second, examples presented in Chinese mathematics textbooks and Chinese curriculum appendices related to the extracted elements were analyzed. Regarding the 4th grade goal, the statistical problem-solving process of the 7th grade 2nd semester mathematics textbook was analyzed. Regarding the synthesis and practice content area, the data analysis unit of the 8th grade 2nd semester mathematics textbook was analyzed. In relation to the achievement standard (6), Example 85 of the curriculum appendix was analyzed, in relation to the achievement standard (9), Example 86 was analyzed, and in relation to the achievement standard (11), Example 87 was analyzed. Third, based on the analysis results, implications for the development of new curriculum and 'textbook development, teaching and learning methods' according to the 2022 revised middle school mathematics curriculum were derived. Through the results of this study, we expect the successful realization of the 2022 revised middle school mathematics and curriculum statistics education.