• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5659-5665
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the antioxidant value and anticancer functions of mitragynine (MTG) and its silane-reduced analogues (SRM) in vitro. Materials and Methods: MTG and SRM was analyzed for their reducing power ability, ABTS radical inhibition and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazylfree radicals scavenging activities. Furthermore, the antiproliferation efficacy was evaluated using MTT assay on K 562 and HCT116 cancer cell lines versus NIH/3T3 and CCD18-Co normal cell lines respectively. Results: SRM and MTG demonstrate moderate antioxidant value with ABTS assay (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC): $2.25{\pm}0.02$ mmol trolox / mmol and $1.96{\pm}0.04$ mmol trolox / mmol respectively) and DPPH ($IC_{50}=3.75{\pm}0.04mg/mL$ and $IC_{50}=2.28{\pm}0.02mg/mL$ respectively). Both MTG and SRM demonstrate equal potency ($IC_{50}=25.20{\pm}1.53$ and $IC_{50}=22.19{\pm}1.06$ respectively) towards K 562 cell lines, comparable to control, betulinic acid (BA) ($IC_{50}24.40{\pm}1.26$). Both compounds showed concentration-dependent cytototoxicity effects and exert profound antiproliferative efficacy at concentration > $100{\mu}M$ towards HCT 116 and K 562 cancer cell lines, comparable to those of BA and 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil). Furthermore, both MTG and SRM exhibit high selectivity towards HCT 116 cell lines with selective indexes of 3.14 and 2.93 respectively compared to 5-FU (SI=0.60). Conclusions: These findings revealed that the medicinal and nutitional values of mitragynine obtained from ketum leaves that growth in tropical forest of Southeast Asia and its analogues does not limited to analgesic properties but could be promising antioxidant and anticancer or chemopreventive compounds.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify antiproliferative effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix(SM) extracts against cancer cell lines. Methods : We used 2 kinds of cancer cell lines such as colon cancer cells(HT-29), human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells(KB). MTT assay was performed to examine the efficacy of SM extracts on the cytostaticity of cancer cells in proportion to time and doses. Apoptosis was evaluated by DNA laddering and DAPI nuclei staining. Results : The MTT absorbances against HT-29 and KB of SM extracts were significantly decresed. DNA ladders could be identified in KB of SM extracts. The morphological change were observed and number of cells were decreased by SM extracts. Conclusions : SM extracts is considered to be effective to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.640-645
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• 2004

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are new class of chemotherapeutic drugs able to induce tumor cell apoptosis and／or cell cycle arrest. Trichostatin A, an antifungal antibiotic, and HC-toxin are potent and specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase activity. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activities of trichostatin A and HC-toxin in estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer, T47D cells. Both trichostatin A and HC-toxin showed potent antiprolifer-ative efficacy and cell cycle arrest at $G_2/M$ in T47D human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trichostatin A caused potent apoptosis of T47D human breast cancer cells and trichostatin A-induced apoptosis might be involved in an increase of caspase-3／7 activity. HC-toxin evoked apoptosis of T47D cells and HC-toxin induced apoptosis might not be medi-ated through direct increase in caspase-3/7 activity. We have identified potent activities of anti-proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of trichostatin A and HC-toxin in estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell line T47D.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.379-387
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• 2023

Dog owners seek treatment when their pets develop cancer. IMMUNIES is traditional herbal medicine-based figment made of 10 natural herbs, designed to maintain host immune function. The major component of IMMUNIES is Dendropanax morbiferus. This clinical pilot study monitored the toxicity and efficacy of IMMUNIES. Four senile dogs with spontaneously occurring mammary and liver cancers were enrolled in this study and treated orally daily for 3 months, and their blood/urine biochemical profiles were examined each month. IMMUNIES was well tolerated during the treatment period. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein levels decreased in all four dogs, whereas red blood cells and hematocrit were within the normal range. IMMUNIES also changed the expression of several molecular targets in the anticancer pathway, such as pro-NAG-1, p53, and cyclin D1. Although the tumors did not completely respond to IMMUNIES, the biochemical profiles and clinical examination showed a stabilized cancer status for 3 months. Thus, IMMUNIES was found to be safe and well-tolerated in the dosage range tested and exhibited cancer antiproliferative activity in canine cancer. Future studies should address other potential benefits of IMMUNIES, including correlative assessments of immune function, quality of life, and owner satisfaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6513-6519
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• 2015

Background: Recent attention on chemotherapeutic intervention against cancer has been focused on discovering and developing phytochemicals as anticancer agents with improved efficacy, low drug resistance and toxicity, low cost and limited adverse side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of Curcuma C20-dialdehyde on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in colon and cervical cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest activities of Curcuma C20-dialdehyde were determined by WST cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric Alexa fluor 488-annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI staining, respectively. Results: Curcuma C20 dialdehyde suppressed the proliferation of HCT116, HT29 and HeLa cells, with IC50 values of $65.4{\pm}1.74{\mu}g/ml$, $58.4{\pm}5.20{\mu}g/ml$ and $72.0{\pm}0.03{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, with 72 h exposure. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that percentages of early apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner upon exposure to Curcuma C20-dialdehyde. Furthermore, exposure to lower concentrations of this compound significantly induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase for both HCT116 and HT29 cells, while higher concentrations increased sub-G1 populations. However, the concentrations used in this study could not induce cell cycle arrest but rather induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the phytochemical Curcuma C20-dialdehyde may be a potential antineoplastic agent for colon and cervical cancer chemotherapy and/or chemoprevention. Further studies are needed to characterize the drug target or mode of action of the Curcuma C20-dialdehyde as an anticancer agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.966-972
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• 2006

The effect of water extract of Chungjogupae-tang (CJGPT) was investigated _on the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Methods: MTT assay and fluorescent microscope peformed to compare and examine the efficacy of CJGPT treatment on the cytostaticity of lung cancer cells in proportion to time and doses, and DAPI staining and Western blot analysis were used to examine their effect on apoptosis. In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine to lung cancer cells growth, and Prostaglandin E2 activity were measured. Results: Exposure of A549 cells to CJGPT respited in the growth inhibition and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay and fluorescent microscope. The antiproliferative effect by CJGPT treatment in A549 cells was associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. CJGPT treatment resulted in an up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAFl/CIPl) in a p53-independent fashion. We found that CJGPT treatment decreased the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) expression without significant changes in the expression of COX-1 , which was correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. Conclusion: These findings suggested that CJGPT-induced inhibition of human lung carcinoma A549 cell growth was connected with the induction of apoptotic cell death and the results provided important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of CJGPT.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2003

Under the active search for biologically active novel agents for cancer prevention and treatment, some agents have been found from plants which are easily available. Our previous research on them revealed that C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill have high antiproliferating effect on cancer cells. However, it has not been known whether the anticancer efficacy is different according to each part of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill or whether it can be changed by timing of harvest or solvent for extraction. Thus we compared the efficacy of each part of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill and assessed how much difference in the efficacy can be made according to the time of harvest or solvents for extraction. We observed the morphologic change and apoptosis 48 hr after treatment with the extract of each part of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill in MCF-7 mammary gland adenocarcinoma cells and human hepatoma cells. We also counted cancer cells by trypan blue method and MTT method to check the cytotoxicity. The leaf extract showed the highest anticancer effect among all the parts of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill; 50％ and 70％ reduction in the number of cancer cells was observed at 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι, respectively. It was more than 2 times as potent as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We found chromosomal fragmentation, clumping, and destuction by PI staining, and DNA fragmentation by electrophoresis. In conclusion, this study suggests that leaf extraction using water as solvent has the highest antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in cancer cells compared with other parts of extraction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4393-4402
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• 2012

Colon cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains an important cause of death, especially in western countries. The toxic environmental pollutant, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), is also a colon-specific carcinogen. Tannic acid (TA) is reported to be effective against various types of chemically induced toxicity and also carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of TA against DMH induced colon toxicity in a rat model. Efficacy of TA against the colon toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, histopathological changes and expression of early molecular markers of inflammation and tumor promotion. DMH treatment induced oxidative stress enzymes (p<0.001) and an early inflammatory and tumor promotion response in the colons of Wistar rats. TA treatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by DMH through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of oxidative stress as well as COX-2, i-NOS, PCNA protein expression levels and TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.001) release. It could be concluded from our results that TA markedly protects against chemically induced colon toxicity and acts plausibly by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.449-454
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• 2010

The glycosylation of glycoproteins from mammalian or plants can affect their efficacy, stability, solubility, and half-life. In the present study, we investigated plant glycosylation and their relative intensity (%) in a plant carbohydratebinding protein with the hemagglutination and antiproliferative activities. The hemagglutination activity on the deglycosylated protein was decreased as a 16-fold than that of intact glycoprotein. Using the HPLC with fluorescence detector and mass spectrometer, the major eight bi- or triantennary oligosaccharides containing xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine were identified and structurally characterized. The present results indicate that the oligosaccharides on this plant glycoprotein is necessary for their own property.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.31.1-31.7
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• 2012

Curcuma longa belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and can be found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is widely used in Asiatic countries, especially India and South East Asia where it is cultivated commercially as a condiment. Its rhizomes exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacterial, antioxidant effects, nematocidal activities, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities and are of pharmaceutical importance. Another relevant medicinal property exhibited by it is antidiabetic property which is reviewed here. Studies on the efficacy of crude C.longa extracts against type 2 diabetes in murine models reveal that it demonstrates a hypoglycemic effect by lowering the blood glucose levels under in vivo conditions. Clinical studies have revealed the safety of curucmin (major principle component exhibiting pharmaceutical properties from C.longa) on humans but with very low bioavailability. In view of its effective hypoglycemic effect and its low bioavailability, further studies are needed for the characterization of the bioactive principles and formulating the development of C.longa extracts as a novel anti-diabetic therapeutic agent.