• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2022

Fermentation is an effective process for providing various beneficial effects in functional beverages. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast fermentation-based biotransformation contribute to enhancement of nutritional value and digestibility, including lactose intolerance reduction and control of infections. In this study, the probiotic fermented fruit juice (PFJ) was produced by Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 1465, Lactobacillus salivarius TISTR 1112, and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 while mixed fruit juice (MFJ) was used as the basic medium for microorganism growth. The potential function, the anti-salmonella activity of PFJ, was found to be effective at 250 mg/ml of MIC and 500 mg/ml of MBC. Biofilm inhibition was performed using the PFJ samples and showed at least 70% reduction in cell attachment at the MIC concentration of Salmonella Typhi DMST 22842. The antioxidant activities of PFJ were determined and the results revealed that FSB.25 exhibited 78.40 ± 0.51 mM TE/ml by FRAP assay, while FPSB.25 exhibited 3.44 ± 0.10 mM TE/ml by DPPH assay. The volatile compounds of PFJ were characterized by GC-MS, which identified alcohol, aldehyde, acid, ester, ketone, phenol, and terpene. The most abundant organic acid and alcohol detected in PFJ were acetic acid and 2-phenylethanol, and the most represented terpene was β-damascenone. The sensory attributes showed scores higher than 7 on a 9-point hedonic scale for the FPB.25, illustrating that it was well accepted by panelists. Taken together, our results showed that PFJ could meet current consumer demand regarding natural and functional, fruit-based fermented beverages.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.938-947
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• 2021

Messerschmidia sibirica is a halophyte that grows in high-salinity areas of coastal sand dunes and sandy shores. This study was conducted to investigate the constituents, antioxidant potency, and physiological activities of M. sibirica. Mineral analyses revealed that potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were the most prevalent minerals in M. sibirica leaves and stems. We used 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water as solvents to prepare extracts from M. sibirica tissues, with extraction yields of between approximately 19% and 27% being obtained. Among the six types of extract, the leaf ethanol extract (LEE) was characterized by the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant activities of the LEE were also the highest among the different solvent extracts. In addition, the leaf water extract was shown to have the highest tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, whereas the leaf methanol extract was found to have the highest elastase inhibitory activity. Notably, all leaf extracts were established to have more than 75% β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitory activity at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These results indicate that leaf extracts of M. sibirica may have beneficial antioxidant properties, and could thus have potential application as functional supplements in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2022

Ginsenoside Rb₁ (Rb₁), one of the most important ingredients in Panax ginseng Meyer, has been confirmed to have favorable activities, including reducing antioxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis, affecting sugar and lipid metabolism, and regulating various cytokines. This study reviewed the recent progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rb₁ against cardiovascular and nervous system diseases, diabetes, and their complications, especially those related to neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia, hypoxia injury, and traumatic brain injury. This review retrieved articles from PubMed and Web of Science that were published from 2015 to 2020. The molecular targets or pathways of the effects of Rb₁ on these diseases are referring to HMGB1, GLUT4, 11β-HSD1, ERK, Akt, Notch, NF-κB, MAPK, PPAR-γ, TGF-β1/Smad pathway, PI3K/mTOR pathway, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, Nrf2/ARE pathway, and MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The potential effects of Rb₁ and its possible mechanisms against diseases were further predicted via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and disease ontology semantic and enrichment (DOSE) analyses with the reported targets. This study provides insights into the therapeutic effects of Rb₁ and its mechanisms against diseases, which is expected to help in promoting the drug development of Rb₁ and its clinical applications.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) against oxidative stress-induced C6 glial cells and cognitive impairment in mice. To evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of the extract and fractions from CJM, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) assays were conducted in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells. Furthermore, we identified the protective mechanisms of CJM with a scopolamine-treated mice model. The results revealed that H₂O₂ decreased the cell viability in C6 glial cells, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress in glial cells. However, CJM fractions significantly increased cell viability in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells, which suggested that CJM protected against oxidative stress. CJM extract and fractions also reduced ROS and NO production, which were increased by H₂O₂ in C6 glial cells. In particular, the EtOAc fraction from CJM (EACJM) effectively protected against oxidative stress by increasing the cell viability and decreasing ROS and NO. Therefore, we carried out further in vivo experiments with EACJM. Scopolamine caused increases of ROS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and NO production. However, EACJM effectively alleviated ROS, TBARS, and NO levels compared to scopolamine-injected mice. In addition, EACJM up-regulated protein expressions of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, indicating that EACJM enhanced the antioxidative system. Our results demonstrated that CJM had protective effects against oxidative stress in glial cells and memory dysfunction in mice. Based on these results, we propose that CJM could be a potential AD preventive and therapeutic agent.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2023

The global output of Pyropia yezoensis (dried seaweed or laver, also called 'Gim' in Korea) has been reduced over the half-decade due to the wide spread of red rot disease, a serious algal disease affecting P. yezoensis. Recently, Gold 1 (G1), which is a resistant strain of P. yezoensis to red rot disease, was developed and commercialized in South Korea, yet its physiological activity has not been investigated. In this study, a comparative study was performed on G1 and commercially available strain of P. yezoensis (CP) for their antioxidative activities. Aqueous extract of G1 showed more marked 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity compared to that of CP. In 293T cells, antioxidant activity against H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was only observed in G1 extract. In addition, G1 extract showed more potent inhibitory effect on H₂O₂-induced apoptotic cell death than CP extract, as examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and fluorescence microscopy. Expression levels of various apoptosis-related genes, including B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, p53, capase-3, and inflammatory cytokines, in H₂O₂-treated cells were significantly decreased by the treatment of G1. Taken together, the present study suggests that a new strain of red seaweed G1 can recover oxidative stress effectively by improving the imbalance of ROS generation and has a potential to be used a functional ingredient as an antioxidant source.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2010

We investigated physiological responses and phytoextraction ability of Pinus thunbergii in cadmium contaminated soil as part of our efforts in identifying plant materials for the restoration and revegetation of forest soil contaminated by heavy metals. Thirty seedlings (ten per treatment) were assigned to three treatments (control, 0.3 and 0.6 mM $CdSO_4$ solution) at first year experiment. At second year, ten seedlings per treatment treated with Cd during the first year experiment were divided by two groups (no Cd-treated and consecutive Cd-treated group). At first experiment, photosynthetic pigment content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have significantly reduced by Cd application, and the reduction rate was increased much higher as the rate of Cd application increased. On the other hand, thiol and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased at the application of 0.6 mM of Cd. At the second year experiment, a general increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content was observed with Cd treatment while SOD and GR activities showed a relative reduction compared to the control. Similar to the first year measurement, thiol and MDA contents also increased considerably due to Cd treatment. At harvest, dry matter was significantly reduced by Cd treatment especially at the rate of 0.6 mM Cd, but dry yield of P. thunbergii treated with 0.3 mM Cd was less affected and it was comparable with the control seedling. Cadmium concentration in seedling tissues increased with increasing Cd application rate while Cd uptake was higher in seedlings supplied with 0.3 mM Cd, which could be ascribed to their high dry matter. Overall, our study has demonstrated the unique physiological response of P. thunbergii to Cd-prolonged exposure by showing that the changes in photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidative enzyme activities were dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment. In addition, our results have demonstrated the potential of P. thunbergii to withstand up to 0.3 mM Cd (equivalent to cumulative Cd concentration of 134.4 to 268 mg $kg^{-1}$) without showing growth reduction, hence it might be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated areas.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1627-1633
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• 2010

본 연구는 더덕껍질의 기능성식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 위해서 더덕껍질의 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근, 생리활성 기능을 기대할 수 있는 관련 물질 함량을 분석하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 더덕껍질의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 탄수화물 24.74%, 조단백질 2.73%, 조지방 2.96% 및 조회분 4.84%이었고 더덕껍질 100 g의 함유 열량은 266.00 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량기준으로 64.73%로 나타났다. 또한, 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 633.40과 870.72 mg/100 g wet weight basis이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼슘, 마그네슘, 인순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었으며, 지방산 함량의 경우 불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유리당의 경우 fructose의 함량이 전체 유리당의 약 72%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더덕껍질 물추출물의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 $24.65\;{\mu}g/g$, 플라보노이드 함량은 $6.19\;{\mu}g/g$으로 분석되었으며, DPPH 소거 활성을 농도별로 측정하여 비교 한 결과 $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 79.30%로 높은 활성을 보였다. 또한, 환원력의 경우에는 더덕껍질 추출물이 25 mg/mL의 농도에서 3.5로 높은 환원력을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 더덕껍질 물추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 더덕껍질을 식품 내 첨가물로서, 혹은 다른 약용으로의 활용가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

난대성 상록활엽수종의 자원화 및 식품 소재화 탐색을 목적으로 구실잣밤나무(Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii $N_{AKAI}$) 열매(구실잣밤) 추출물의 수율, pH, 당도, 색도, 구성당, 유기산 함량, 페놀 함량 및 항산화활성을 검정하였다. 각 용매에 대한 추출물의 수율은 물 추출물에서 3.6%로 가장 높았고, pH는 6.43의 중성값을 보였으며, 당도는 3.17 $^{\circ}Brix$를 나타내었다. 색도 중 L값은 83.07, a값은 1.49 그리고 b값은 10.48을 나타내었다. 구성당의 조성 및 함량은 fructose 27.11 mg%, glucose 26.29 mg%, galactose 0.86 mg%로 나타났다. 유기산은 총 5종이 동정되었으며, oxalic acid(59.44%), formic acid (23.99%), malic acid (11.24%), citric acid (3.34%), succinic acid (1.99%) 순으로 나타났다. 총 페놀 함량은 물 추출물에서 27.69 mg% 수준으로 가장 높았고, DPPH radical-scavenging 활성은 대조구인 $\alpha$-tocopherol ($SC_{50}\;12.47{\mu}g/mL$)에 비해 낮은 수준이었으나 EtOAc 추출물($SC_{50}\;74.88{\mu}g/mL$)에서 가장 강한 활성을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 구실잣밤은 다양한 식품소재 및 기능성 소재로서의 활용성이 기대되었으며, 또 도토리의 대용 및 병용이 가능한 소재로서 실용화 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of Perilla frutescens var. acuta water extract (WEP) on the shelf life and physicochemical qualities of cooked beef patties. The WEP contained phenolic compounds (80.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and had half-maximal effective concentrations of 0.437 and 4.509 mg/mL for scavenging of DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, respectively. Treatment with 0.6% WEP inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (p<0.05). Based on the result of the antioxidative potential and antimicrobial potential of WEP, beef patties were prepared with three treatment groups: (1) beef patties without added antioxidant (control); (2) beef patties with 0.02% ʟ-ascorbic acid (BAA); and (3) beef patties with 0.6% WEP (BWEP). The pH and cooking loss of BWEP were lower and higher than those in the control, respectively (p<0.05). When cooked beef patties were stored for 21 d at 4℃, the total number of aerobic bacteria in BWEP was lower than those in the control on all days except day 14 (p<0.05). The TBARS values in BWEP were lower than those of controls on days 7, 14, and 21 (p<0.05). Compared to control and BAA, BWEP had lower L* and b* values and higher a* values throughout the storage period (p<0.05). Except on day 0, acceptability was higher in BWEP than in control and BAA (p<0.05). According to results, WEP can be used as a natural ingredient that improves the shelf life and sensorial qualities of meat products.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

본 연구는 더덕 잎의 기능성식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 따라서 더덕 잎의 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근, 생리활성 기능을 기대할 수 있는 관련 물질 함량의 분석하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 더덕 잎의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 탄수화물 69.12%, 조단백질 19.14%, 조지방 1.42% 및 조회분 10.32%이었고 더덕 잎 100 g의 함유 열량은 288.36 kcal로 분석되었다. 또한, 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 5,906.41 mg, 7,551.56 mg이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼슘, 인, 마그네슘 순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었다. 유리당의 경우 sucrose의 함량이 전체 유리당의 약 42%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 더덕 잎의 조사포닌 함량은 97.51 mg/g을 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더덕 잎의 총 페놀 함량은 1.87 mg/g, 플라보노이드 함량은 0.61 mg/g으로 분석되었으며, DPPH 소거 활성을 농도별로 측정하여 비교한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 64.32%의 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 더덕 잎 추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 더덕 잎을 식품 첨가물로서, 혹은 다른 약용으로의 조리 된 식품으로써의 활용가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.