• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

Forsythia fructus has been shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, antipyretic and anti-aging activities. This work was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Korean traditional medicinal prescriptions containing Forsythia viridissima extract. The prescriptions containing Forsythia fructus were evaluated for antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase activity and on LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. In human irritation test, they did not show any adverse effect. Based on these results, we suggest that the se prescriptions hold great promise for application as an anti-inflammatory agent for trouble skins such as atopic dermatitis and acne.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.146-156
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• 2009

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of manufactured Wen-pi-tang-Hab-Wu-ling-san (WHW$^{(R)}$) in vitro. Methods: WHW$^{(R)}$ was prepared by the pilot manufacture of WHW water extract from a GMP system appointed company. Antioxidative activities were determined by in vitro tests as follows: the scavenging activities of oxygen free radicals including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals, as well as ferrous ion chelating capacity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: WHW$^{(R)}$ significantly scavenged oxygen free radicals such as DPPH (IC$_{50}$=115.28 $\pm$ 0.25 $\mu$g/$m\ell$), superoxide anion (IC$_{50}$=8.56 $\pm$ 0.08 $\mu$g/$m\ell$), hydrogen peroxide (IC$_{50}$=240.36 $\pm$ 3.41 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) and nitric oxide (IC$_{50}$=162.28 $\pm$ 0.21 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) radicals. WHW$^{(R)}$ also showed ferrous ion chelating activity (IC$_{50}$=543.19 $\pm$ 4.85 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) and Trolox equivalent effects (IC$_{50}$=45.311 $\mu$g/$m\ell$) in TEAC and ORAC assay, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that WHW$^{(R)}$ has strong antioxidative properties through free radical scavenging activity. These data suggest that WHW$^{(R)}$ be used as an antioxidant agent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Purpose : Human gingival fibroblast cell is one of the the main cell types in periodontal tissue, which they can show anti-inflammatory activity through the production of numerous lines of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and interleukins. Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the oral pathogens, has reported to play a critical role in the development of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of Gracilaria textorii ethanol extract (GTEE) in P. gingivalis derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF)-1 cell line. Methods : In order to analyze anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of GTEE in HGF-1 cell line, NOS enzyme activity, expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1 and their transcription factors were estimated by Griess reaction and western hybridization. Results : LPS-PG induced overexpression of iNOS and COX-2, which was significantly attenuated by GTEE treatment in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. In addition, intracellular NOS activity was in accordance with the result of iNOS expression. Due to important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses, phosphorylated status of p65 and c-jun, each subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, was also dose-dependently ameliorated by GTEE treatment. One of phase II enzymes, NQO1, and its transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), were analyzed since elevated phase II enzyme expression inhibited inflammatory response, which was significantly elevated by GTEE treatment in HGF-1 cell line. Conclusion : In conclusion, GTEE mitigated LPS-PG-stimulated inflammatory responses by attenuating NF-κB and AP-1 activation as well as accelerating NQO1 and Nrf2 expression in HGF-1 cell line. These results indicate that GTEE might be utilized a promising strategy for potential anti-inflammatory agent in periodontal diseases.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2019

This study evaluated the dermal cytotoxicity of sodium bromate (NaBrO₃) and the protective effect of Aster tataricus L. (AT) extract against NaBrO₃-induced cytotoxicity in the cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. For this study, it was done the antioxidative effects such as electron donating (ED) activity and lipid peroxidation (LP) activity as well as cell viability. NaBrO₃ significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and its XTT₅₀ value was measured at a concentration of 54.4 μM in these cultures. The cytotoxicity of NaBrO₃ was determined as highly-toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The quercetin, antioxidant significantly increased cell viability against NaBrO₃-induced cytotoxicity. Regarding the protective effect of Aster tataricus (AT) L. extract on NaBrO₃-induced cytotoxicity, AT extract significantly increased the cell viability, the ED ability and the inhibitory ability of LP. From these findings, it suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of NaBrO₃, and AT extract effectively protected NaBrO₃-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidative effects. Conclusively, the natural component like AT extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for the diminution or treatment of the cytotoxicity correlated with oxidative stress like hair dye component, NaBrO₃.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$), toxicant, and the protective effect of Chelidonium majus (CM) extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Cell viability, the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) against $CdCl_2$, and the antioxidative effects including DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion-radical scavenging activity (SSA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed. $CdCl_2$ caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, and $XTT_{50}$ value was determined at 38.7uM of $CdCl_2$. It was determined as highly-toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner' toxic criteria. BHT of antioxidant significantly increased cell viability severely damaged by $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of CM extract on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity, CM extract significantly increased cell viability, DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, SSA and inhibitory activity of LDH. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdCl_2$, and CM extract showed protective efficacy on $CdCl_2$-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effects. Conclusively, natural resources like CM extract may be a putative antioxidative agent for the detoxification or diminution of toxicity correlated with oxidative stress.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.199-205
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• 2021

This study was done to evaluate the dermatoxicity of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and the protective effect of Rubus parvifolius L. (RP) extract on cytotoxicity of ZnSO4, mordant in cultured SK-MEL-3 cells. For this study, it was done an antioxidative effect as DPPH-radical scavenging ability as well as the diminutive ability of total melanin with cell viability. ZnSO4 significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and it was mid-toxic. The ascorbic acid significantly increased cell viability damaged by ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity. In the protective effect of RP extract on ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity, RP extract significantly increased cell viability compared with ZnSO4-treated group, and also it showed both the DPPH-radical scavenging ability and the decrease of total amount of melanin. From these findings, the cytotoxicity of ZnSO4 is correlated with oxidative stress, and also RP extract effectively protected ZnSO4-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidative effect such as DPPH-radical scavenging ability with the whitening effect by the decrement of total amount of melanin. Conclusively, the natural ingredients like RP extract may be a useful agent for the improvement of antioxidative and whitening effects

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

This study is peformed to investigate the effect of water extract from Vaccinium uliginosum L., on melanin production in B 16 melanoma cells, procollagen production and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) inhibition in human fibroblast cells. One hundred grams of the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was extracted with 2000 mL of water($90^{\circ}C$, 16h, 2times). The water extracts were lyophilized and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ until used. Dry weight yields of extracts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. were $3\%$(w/w). Extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. showed scavenger activities on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen radical. And these substances inhibited release of cyiokines from human keratinocyte after UV B exposure. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had antioxidative effect. These substances inhibited purified tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B 16 melanoma cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\alpha}$. Moreover this extract stimulated procollagen production and inhibited MMP-1 production in human fibroblast cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\beta}$. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had whitening effect. And these substances decreased degree of wrinkle in hairless mouse skin that induced by UV B irradiation. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had anti-wrinkle effect. From the above results, it is possible that Vaccinium uliginosum L. may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent and anti-wrinkle agent.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

In order to examine the effect of Smilax china L. (SC) extract on the cytotoxicity of methymercuric chloride (MMC), allergic contact dermatitis, The cytotoxicity of MMC was assessed after cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of MMC for 72 hours. And also, the following results were obtained by measuring the antioxidative effect of SC extract on the cytotoxicity of MMC. In this study, MMC remarkably decreased the cell viability of NIH3T3 fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner, and MMC was seen to be highly-toxic below 100 uM of $XTT_{50}$ value. In addition, the toxicity of MMC was involved in oxidative stress via a blockage of MMC-induced cytotoxicity by vit. E as antioxidant. In the protective effect of SC extract on MMC-induced cytotoxicity, SC extract defended the cytotoxicity of MMC by a significant increase of cell viability which was decreased by MMC-induced cytotoxicity. It also showed antioxidative effects such as electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (SLA) and the lipid peroxidation activity (LPA). From these results, the natural component as SC extract may be a putative resource as the antioxidative agent for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease associated with the oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.781-788
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• 2015

In this study, the antioxidative effects of 50% ethanol extract, ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried whole plant of Solanum nigrum L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) were $215.46{\mu}g/mL$, $42.43{\mu}g/mL$ and $52.28{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were $25.25{\mu}g/mL$, $7.05{\mu}g/mL$ and $6.25{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. 50% ethanol extract and aglycone fraction showed the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of rabbit erythrocytes at $5{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$, but not at high concentrations. These results indicated that S. nigrum extract/fractions could be used as an antioxidative agent. However, it could induce cellular damage at high concentrations. In conclusion, a special caution is required to use S. nigrum extracts as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2011

The nutritional components and antioxidative activities of jujube fruit and leaf were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. The nitrogen-free extract contents of the fruit and leaf were 71.92% and 41.51%, respectively. The mineral components of the fruit and leaf were rich in Ca (72.14 and 3,252.09 mg/100 g), K (899.82 and 1,708.12 mg/100 g), and P (172.11 and 286.28 mg/100 g), respectively. The major free sugars of the fruit were glucose (13.01 %) and fructose (7.35%); and of the leaf, sucrose (3.94%) and fructose (0.75%). The ascorbic acid contents were higher in fruit (135.73 mg/100 g) than in the leaf (100.43 mg/100 g). The analysis of the component amino acid showed a relatively high ratio of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and essential amino acids of leucine, but a low methionine and cystine content. The ABTS and FRAP assays indicated that the butanol fraction of the leaf was a more potent radical scavenger and reducing agent than the other five solvent fractions. The butanol fraction of the leaf also presented inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this study verified that the butanol fraction of the leaf has strong antioxidative activities that are correlated with its high level of phenolics, particularly rutin and quercitrin. These phenolics of jujube leaf can be utilized as effective and safe functional food substances, i.e., natural antioxidants.