• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidative and physiological activities of ethanol extracts from different parts (flower, leaf, root, and the whole plant) of Taraxacum officinale. The ethanol extracts from different parts were measured to examine total flavonoids content, total polyphenol content, elect ron donating ability,superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite-scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibition effects. Total flavonoids content in leaf extract (41.66 mg/g) and total polyphenol content in flower extract (71.91 mg/g) were higher than those of other parts. All assays were conducted at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL ethanol extracts. The electron donating abilities of leaf, flower, the whole plant, and root extracts were 92.25%, 88.18%, 84.55% and 83.40%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The activities were concentration dependent. The SOD-like activity of ethanol extracts from different parts was 8.40~11.20% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of flower and leaf extracts measured at pH 1.2 were 47.37% and 47.18%, respectively, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, which were higher than those of the whole plant and root extracts. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of the leaf extract at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was the highest (34.22%) and that of the whole plant and root extracts was shown to be more than 20%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts from different parts of Taraxacum officinale could be used as antioxidative functional food sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1491-1496
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• 2007

As an oriental medicinal plant, wild grape (WG, Vitis coignetiae) has been known to contain abundant nutrients compared to grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and as a source of stilbenes, a kind of polyphenol. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative activity of WG extracts by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability (NSA), super oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and total polyphenol content (TPC). The extracts were obtained using microwave-assisted extraction (microwave power: 90 W, extraction time: 5 min, extractant: water, 50 and 100% ethanol). EDAs, SOD-like activities and TPCs were the highest at 50% ethanol extracts while conversely lowest at 100% ethanol extracts. EDAs of 50% and 100% ethanol extracts at 1.6 g/dL concentration, $97.70{\pm}0.55\;and\;98.05{\pm}0.36%$, were higher than those of 0.1 and 1% L-ascorbic acids, $101.44{\pm}0.98%\;and\;99.43{\pm}0.78%$, respectively. At the concentration of 1.6 g/dL, 50% ethanol extract showed lower NSA (pH 1.2) than water extract unlike EDA, TPC and SOD-like activity. Regarding TPCs of WG extracts, the activities were the highest at 50% ethanol extracts (1.6 g/dL: $38.76{\pm}0.23$ mM gallic acid equiv.) followed by water and 100% ethanol extracts. The results suggest the usefulness of developing functional foods using antioxidative active compounds of WG with high polyphenol contents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2014

Haw(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) belongs to the rose family and has beneficial health effects such as anti-obesity and gastroprotective activities. This study compared the antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw. After removing seeds, pulpy was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform :methanol(CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol, and ethyl acetate(EA). Total phenol contents were 71.46, 70.41, 47.63, 47.49 and 45.95 mg/g in the 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, n-butanol and EA extracts, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of CM and n-butanol extracts were higher compared to other extracts at 1.63 mg/g and 1.59 mg/g, respectively, whereas EA extract had the lowest flavonoid content at 1.12 mg/g. Corresponding to total phenol contents, among $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay, and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidative activities than the other extracts. However, the lowest activities were n-butanol extract in $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity as well as EA extract in antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay and SOD-like ability. These results suggest that haw extracts are available as a new natural antioxidant, and its activities are attributed to antioxidant substances such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.797-804
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of persimmon leaf tea and green tea were assessed. The total polyphenol contents of green tea (0.5875 mg/mL) were slightly higher than those of persimmon leaf tea (0.3938 mg/mL). The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of persimmon leaf tea and green tea toward $\alpha$, $\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picyryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical were $65.7{\pm}3.7%$ and $68.4{\pm}0.3%$, respectively, as compared to $68.6{\pm}1.1%$ for L-ascorbic acid (1%). The SOD-like activity of persimmon leaf tea ($29.7{\pm}0.9%$) was higher than that of green tea ($28.1{\pm}1.0%$). The nitrite scavenging ability was pH-dependent, highest at pH 1.2, and lowest at pH 6.0, in and persimmon leaf tea was found to exhibit more effective nitrite scavenging ability than green tea. The inhibitory effects of persimmon leaf tea and green tea against angiotensin I converting enzyme were $56.7{\pm}1.9%$ and $67.1{\pm}1.7%$, respectively. Persimmon leaf tea evidenced profound antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coil, and Salmonella typhimurium. These results clearly established the antioxidative and antimicrobial potency of persimmon leaf tea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.648-654
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• 2004

Physiological functionality of browned oak mushroom was evaluated with focusing its electron-donating ability to DPPH radicals, scavenging ability to superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, and inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. The results showed that overall antioxidative activities of browned oak mushroom were superior to those of raw oak mushroom with marketable quality, implying possible involvement of resultant browning reaction products in an increment of antioxidativity. The increased radical-scavenging ability was suggested to mainly be exerted by direct quenching of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate a possible use of unmarketable browned mushroom as a material for manufacturing various processed functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 2019

This study examined the neurotoxicity of aluminum sulfate (AS), an environmental pollutant, and the protective effect of Phrymaleptostachya var. asiatica HARA (PLVAH) extract on the neurotoxicity induced by AS in the cultured C6 glioma cells. For this study, the cell viability and antioxidative effects, such as electron donating (ED) activity, lipid peroxidation (LP) activity, and superoxide anion-radical (SAR) scavenging activity, were analyzed. AS decreased the cell viability significantly in a dose-dependent manner and the $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $120.0{\mu}M$ of AS. The neurotoxicity of AS was determined to be mid-toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. In addition, the catalase (CAT), antioxidant enzyme remarkably increased the cell viability injured by AS-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. Regarding the protective effect of the PLVAH extract on AS-induced neurotoxicity, PLVAH extract significantly increased the ED ability, and the inhibitory ability of the LP and SAR scavenging ability. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of AS, and the PLVAH extract effectively protected against AS-induced neurotoxicity by its antioxidative effects. Natural resources, such as the PLVAH extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for the treatment of the toxicity induced by heavy metallic compounds, such as AS correlated with the oxidative stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2006

The change of antioxidative character by germination of brown rice was evaluated. From the total methanolic extract of brown rice, 2.5 mm-germinated brown rice, and 5 mm-germinated brown rice, SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability were identified as antioxidative character. SOD-like activities and nitrite scavenging abilities of all samples were changed dose-dependently and germination-dependently. After successive partitioning with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water, each fraction was tested for these activities. SOD-like activities of all fractions were increased by germination, and especially hexane fraction and EtOAc fraction of 5 mm-germinated brown rice had more strong activities than 50 ppm vitamin C. The $EC_{50}$ values of SOD-like activity showed a gradual decrease by germination and that of EtOAc fraction of 5 mm-germinated brown rice was 17 ppm, which was lower concentration than that of 50 ppm vitamin C. The $IC_{50}$ values of nitrite scavenging ability at PH 1.5 also underwent a great decrease by germination and germinated brown rice had the nitrite scavenging ability at lower concentration than brown rice. The results suggest that SOD-like activity and nitrite scavenging ability are thought to be enhanced by the germination effect.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.137-140
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 1999

Antimutagenic and antioxidative activities in the different milling fraction of rice(Oryza sativa L., illpumbyeo) were investigated. Twelve milling fractions including embryo, bran(I, II, III, IV and all) and milled rice(I, II, III, IV and V) and were obtained by abrasive milling. Antimutagenic effects of milling fraction against Trp-P-2-induced mutagenicity were shown as ${\approx}0%$ for embryo fraction, $27{\sim}86%$ for bran fractions and $64{\sim}95%$ for milled rice fractions in salmonela typhimurium reversion assay. Milled rice V, inner fraction with 80.9% milling yields, showed the highest antimutagenic activity among milling fractions Antioxidative activity, measured by peroxide value(POV) of different milling fractions was higher in embryo(28%) and bran fractions ($25{\sim}34%)$ than milled rice fractions($6{\sim}22%)$. In terms of thiobarbituric acid(TBA). embryo. bran and milled rice fractions exhibited 14, $5{\sim}21\;and \;6{\sim}20%$ antioxidative activity, respectively. Antioxidative activity, measured by electron donating ability(EDA), was 45% for embryo fraction. $35{\sim}40%$ for bran fractions and $41{\sim}65%$ for milled rice fractions. Antimutagenic activity if milling fractions was correlated with POV (r=-0.471, p<0.01) and EDA (r = 0.609, p<0.001) but not correlated with TBA. Contents of total phenolic acid and SH were higher in bran and embryo fractions than in milled rice fractions, and were reversely correlated with antimutagenic activity (r=-0.523 and -0.451. respectively, p<0.05).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.631-636
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidative and nitrite scavenging abilities of extracts of medicinal plants. Three kinds of medicinal plants, Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (AA), Akebia quinate Decaisne (AQ), and Caragana chamlagu (CC), were extracted with water and $70\%$ ethanol. The yields of water extracts were increased in the order of Akebia quinate Decaisne ($35.63\%$, Caragana chamlagu ($31.36\%$ and Angelica acutiloba ($8.98\%$). Those of ethanol extracts were Akebia quinate Decaisne ($31.82\%$, Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa ($14.15\%$, and Caragana chamlagu ($5.20\%$). The highest electron donating ability (EDA) at 300-1,000 ppm of water extract was Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, ranged from $62\%$ to $88\%$ and that of ethanol extract was Akebia quinate Decaisne, ranged from $72\%$ to $87\%$. Nitrite scavenging ability (NSA) of extracts measured at various pH (1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0) showed highest ability in all extracts at pH 1.2 and decreased with increasing pH. The highest NSA of water extracts of 1,000 ppm at pH 1.2 showed $35-40\%$, in Caragana chamlagu and that of ethanol extract was $33-42\%$, in Akebia quinate Decaisne. From these results, Akebia quinate Decaisne was found as a potential raw material baring functionality in the respects of extract yield, EDA and NSA.