• 제목/요약/키워드: antimicrobial agents

검색결과 726건 처리시간 0.031초

Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli from different pig production systems

  • Mitchaothai, Jamlong;Srikijkasemwat, Kanokrat
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.138-146
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of conventional (CO) and deep litter (DE) systems on antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect antimicrobial resistance to E. coli in swine fecal samples in CO and DE systems located in western and northeastern Thailand. Individual rectal swab samples were taken only from healthy pigs. A total of 215 individual and healthy pigs were randomly selected for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli by the disc diffusion method. The test panel included amoxicillin (AMX), colistin, doxycycline (DOX), enrofloxacin, gentamicin (GEN), kanamycin, neomycin (NEO), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Results: There were significant (p<0.05) lower resistance levels for GEN, NEO, and SXT in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. There was a lower number of antimicrobial resistance agents (p<0.001) in the DE farms compared to those in the CO farms. This result was consistent with those in western (p<0.01) and northeastern (p<0.01) Thailand. Overall, antibiograms of AMX-SXT and AMX-DOX-SXT were found in the CO (19.09% and 20.91%, respectively) and the DE (16.19% and 24.76%, respectively) farms. No antimicrobial resistance (5.71%) was found and AMX (13.33%) resistant pigs in the DE farms, whereas the pattern of AMX-GEN-SXT (6.36%) and AMX-DOX-GEN-SXT (11.82%) resistant pigs was found in the CO farms. Conclusion: The DE system for pig farming was superior to conventional pig farming by lowering the resistance level of fecal E. coli to GEN, NEO, and SXT, with decreasing the number of antimicrobial resistance agents and inducing a small proportion of pigs to be free from antimicrobial resistance.

천연물유래 여드름 치료제제의 항균활성 측정 (Antimicrobial Activities of the Anti-acne Compounds from Natural Sources)

  • 김나래;임영희;박설웅;남은실
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.80-84
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    • 2009
  • The in vitro antibacterial activities of anti-acne agents prepared from the extracts of natural sources were investigated against several bacteria including antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes. SD-1 and SD-2 were prepared with different formulations and they showed strong antibacterial activities. The anti-acne agents completely inhibited the growth of the tested strains at the concentration of 0.5%. There was no difference in antibacterial activity between antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant P. acnes. The inhibitory activities of two agents showed time-dependent manner. In S. aureus, time-kill curve demonstrated 2.8- and 3.4-$log_{10}$-unit killing after 8 h with SD-1 and SD-2, respectively. In P. acnes, time-killing curve demonstrated 5.1- and 6.1-$log_{10}$-unit killing after 24 h with SD-1 and SD-2, respectively. SD-2 showed stronger antimicrobial activity than SD-1. From these results, we expect that SD-1 and SD-2 have strong antibacterial activities and have advantages for treating acne.

입원환자의 경구용 levofloxacin 약물 사용 평가 (A trial of Drug use Evaluation of oral levofloxacin in the Hospitalized Patients)

  • 노은숙;박윤희;방은미;김원규;임금숙
    • 한국임상약학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.105-109
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    • 2009
  • In July 2008, The National Police Hospital has developed the CPOE system(Computerized Physician Order Entry system) which links the medicine master and introduced the new program for the injectable antimicrobial agents. After introducing new system, we wanted to check the management of oral antimicrobial agents. Because new system has limitation that new system control only the use of the injectable antimicrobial agents. So we tried to evaluate the use of oral levofloxacin, which was chosen by a medical specialist of the infection. We retrospectively analyzed the appropriateness of oral levofloxacin through EMR(Electric Medical Record) of 72 inpatients who received oral levofloxacin in National Police Hospital in December 2008. We applied the modified ASHP(American Society of Health- System Pharmacists) DUE(Drug Use Evaluation) criteria, which is composed of justification of drug use, critical indicators, complications and outcome measures. Acceptable cases of use of levofloxacin were 67(93.01%) and 57cases(79.2%) showed good outcome. However critical indicators were not performed very well. We want to suggest the new system for the management of the medical therapeutics by the pharmacist in charge.

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성인형 치주염 환자에서 분린한 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans의 항생재 내성에 관한 연구 (Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans From The Patients With Adult Periodontitis)

  • 나용철;유형근;신형식
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.202-215
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to an in estigate the antibiotic susceptibiliity of Actinoobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the subgingival plaque to adult periodontitis. Seven bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents under disk diffusion method and broth dilution methold, Seven patients with deep pocket(6mm) were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before this study. The results were as follows : 1. For the antibiotic disk diffusion method, seven A. actinimycetemcomitans were tested with 10 antimicrobial agents which comprised penicillin, gentamycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, amikacin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. The sensitive antibiotics were tetracycline, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol and the resistant antibiotics were clindamycin, and lincomycin. The other antimicrobial agents were less active. 2. From the study of determination on the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) by broth dilution method, the MIC of tetracycline to seven strains of the A. actinomycetemcomitans was $0.5-1.0{\mu}g/ml$, that of clindamycin was $32{\mu}g/ml$. These data suggest that tetracycline may be valuable drugs in the elimination of A. actinimycetemcomitans from the patients with adult periodontitis

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Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridium Species in Soil Contaminated with Domestic Livestock Feces of Korea

  • Kim, Jeong-Dong;Lee, Dae-Weon;Lee, Kyou-Seung;Choi, Chang-Hyun;Kang, Kook-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.401-410
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    • 2004
  • Soil samples from five different areas in Korea were collected during 2001/02 and examined for presence of the genus Clostridium. Direct immuno-fluorescent assay (IFA) examination showed that Clostridium septicum, Cl. novyi and Cl. chauvoei were detected in the soil of specific areas in Korea. Sixteen species of Clostridium were isolated and cultivated from the soil samples. Cl. peifringens was detected in all sampling locations, while the other species were not. The in vitro activity of 14 antibiotic agents was determined against 421 clostridia isolated from the soil contaminated with animal feces in Korea. Trovafloxacin was effective against all isolates of the genus Clostridium except one isolate of Cl. subterminale, two of Cl. tetani, and three of Cl novyi with $MIC_{50}$ $8- 16\mu$g $ml^{-1}$. Thirteen species of Clostridium were resistant to vancomycin except for Cl. perfringens, Cl. sporogenes, and Cl. subterminale. Imipenem and trovafloxacin showed high antimicrobial activities (>95%) against all strains in the clostridia investigated. Therefore, antibiotic agents such as imipenem and trovafloxacin are the most suitable agents for polymicrobial infection as broad-spectrum monotherapy.

임상 분리 균주의 항생제 감수성 유형 (In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents Susceptibility Against Several Clinical Isolates)

  • 최성숙;하남주
    • 약학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.128-130
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    • 1999
  • In vitro activity of commonly used antimicrobial agents against several clinical isolates were studied. In the case of E. coli, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100, 25, 0.2, 100<, 3.13, and $12.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of K . pneumoniae, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, crfazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 12.5, 100<, 0.1, 100<, 1.6, and $0.4{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Enterobacter sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100, 100<, 6.25, 100<, 100 and $1.57{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Acinetobacter sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100<, 100<, 100<, 100< 100< and $50{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$ , respectively. In the case of Pseudomonas sp, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 100<, 100<, 100<, 50, 100<, 25 and $25{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$, respectively. In the case of S. aureus, the MICs at which 90% of the bacteria are inhibited of ampicillin, Unasyn, cefazoline, cefotaxim, carbenicillin, gentamicin and ofloxacin were 50, 50, 100<, 100<, 50, 50, and $100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/m$, respectively.

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Zr함유 무기물 항균제를 사용한 클리너 제품의 항균내구성 (Antimicrobial Property for Durability of Cleaner using Inorganic Antimicrobial Agent Containing Zirconium)

  • 구강;마재혁;홍태일
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.257-262
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    • 2011
  • The dish cloth requires antimicrobial activity for hygienic purpose. Until now, organic antimicrobial agents of low cost have been frequently used for the anitimicrobial finishing. However, a cleaner hving anitimicroial activity should be more durable considering consumers' ever-increasing expectation. In this study, the cleaner containing the bamboo fiber were finished with a formulation of a new zirconium-containing inorganic agent of zirconium phosphate and polyurethane binders. The optimum treatment condition was investigated. And its durability against repeated laundering cycles was assessed. The existence of Zr after the repeated laundering was verified and the antimicrobial effect did not decrease under 30 washing cycles.

Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

  • Eum, Jin-Seong;Park, Young-Doo
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to examine antimicrobial substances from medicinal plants, the ethanol extracts of 38 medicinal plants were tested for the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. The extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sophora flavescens, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, and Pinas densiflora showed significant antimicrobial activities against both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300. The extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma among these medical plants showed the highest antimicrobial activity. These results suggested that the extracts from Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Sophora flavescens, Pinas densiflora, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be the potential source of antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. aureus.

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다제내성 슈퍼박테리아에 대한 새로운 항생제인 항균 펩타이드 (Antimicrobial Peptide as a Novel Antibiotic for Multi-Drug Resistance "Super-bacteria")

  • 박성철;나재운
    • 공업화학
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.429-432
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    • 2012
  • 최근 항생제에 대한 내성이 빠르게 확산됨에 따라 이를 극복하기 위해 새로운 항생제들을 찾기 위한 노력이 많은 연구자들에 의해 이루어지고 있다. 미생물의 외부공격에 대해 모든 생명체들은 방어물질을 분비하거나 내재하고 있는 데 그 중 하나가 항균 펩타이드이며, 전 세계적으로 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있고 새로운 차세대 항생제로써 인식 되어진다. 이에 본 총설에서는 항균 펩타이드의 미생물에 대한 항생활성, 작용기작과 개발현황에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

새로운 천연 항생물질로서의 항균 펩타이드 (Antimicrobial Peptides as Natural Antibiotic Materials)

  • 차연경;김영수;최유성
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2012
  • Antimicrobial peptides are widely used in various organisms as a defense system against infection. The peptides are lethal towards bacteria and fungi, however have minimal toxicity in mammalian and plant cells. In this aspect, it is considered that antimicrobial peptides are new alternative materials for defensing against microbial infection. Here, we describe overall characteristics of antimicrobial peptides based on the mechanism of action, classification of the peptides, report detection/screening methods and chemical/biological production. It is expected that understanding of innate immune system based on antimicrobial peptides tends to develop novel natural antimicrobial agents, which might be applied for defensing pathogenic microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics.