• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidat and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and its fractions prepared from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. Methods and Results: The antioxidant activities were compared by evaluating the DPPH radical and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability. Measurement of DPPH radical scavenging ability showed that the $SC_{50}$ values of the ethyl acetate fraction was $3.85{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most effective DPPH radical scavenging ability compared with the other samples. As for the NO scavenging ability, at all tested concentrations, the ethyl acetate fraction showed a higher scavenging activity than that of the extract and other fractions. These results are related to the total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction. Antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens was investigated using the disc diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. However, the chloroform fraction had a higher antimicrobial activity against gram-negative Vibrio vulnificus than that of the extract and other fractions. Conclusions: The results show that the ethyl acetate fraction had a higher antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activity, than did the other samples. Therefore, the ethyl acetate fraction has potential application in the food industry.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.899-905
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• 2011

In order to develop bacterial cellulose (BC) with antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, silver and chitosan were incorporated into BC, respectively. Experiment results showed that antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms was improved with increasing silver concentration. Chitosan also showed a direct proportion between its concentration and antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that antimicrobial effects of BC using silver and chitosan are well proven to be effective. We also tested the stainability of BC with natural colorant for the application of food industry. Stainability of BC was enhanced with increasing natural colorant concentration. Decolorization of BC stained was observed by dipping it into distilled water with one hour-intervals. As a result, there was no significant difference. Combination of natural colorant-stainability and antibiosis of BC is expected to be useful in making colored antibiotic BC in various industrial application areas, considering its antimicrobial activity, high stainability and low decolorization tendency.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.559-563
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• 1997

Terminalia chebula Retz., which was showed antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogens through screening herbs related treatments of intestinal diseases, were extracted by methanol and fractionated by n-hexane, ethylether, ethylacetate,and water. Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and each fractionates were then investigated under the anaerobic broth system. The methanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against all intestinal pathogens(Eubacterium limosum ATCC 10825, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus KFCC 11764 hardly grew at 2,000$\mu$g/ml of concentration. Especially, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus KFCC 11764 hardly grew at 2,000$\mu$g/ml of concentration. There is no significant difference of antimicrobial activity among each fractionates. Fraction of Terminaliz chebula Retz. ethylacetate fractionate, which were fractionated by Sephadex G-200 and Silica gel column chromatography revealed the strongest antimicrobial activity at 12 to 21 and 22 to 34 of fraction number, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.353-357
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• 2000

The soil pH favored by several native plants in Korea ranges 5.33∼7.20, while a more acidic range of pH 3.95∼6.10 is acceptable to exotic plants. Ethanol extracts of native and exotic plants in Korea were investigated for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus sphiaericus 2362, Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis var. cereus and Actinomycetes. Higher antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of exotic plants than those of native plants. The ethanol extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior was observed to have the highest antimicrobial activity against 4 species of soil microbes. Especially, antimicrobial activity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior showed the largest clear zone of 48mm in Actinomycetes. Larger clear zone was formed in the order of caffeic acid, benzoic acid and ρ -coumaric acid among the nine chemical compounds. Accordingly, the antimicrobial activity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var elatior against Actinomycetes was found to be due to the synergetic effect of chemical compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.338-342
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• 2002

Antimicrobial activity of yellow pigment produced by Monascus anka Y7 (Y7) was studied. The crude yellow pigment of Y7 showed antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and yeasts. The diameter of inhibition zone against gram-positive bacteria was a little smaller t]fan that of gram-negative bacteria to the crude yellow pigment. Especially, E2 fraction obtained from the crude yellow pigment by TLC method showed high anti-microbial activity against E. coli.. The fraction had bright yellow pigment, showing fluorescent light and having the maximum absorption at 373 nm. Citrinin, a mycotoxin which had been characterized as an antimicrobial substance from a Monascus strain, was not detected in the E2 fraction and in the crude yellow pigment by the results of TLC and HPLC. This indicates that the antimicrobial activity of Y7 pigments did not any relationship with citrinin. Yellow degree (b/a of Hunters color value) of Y7 pigment was much higher than that of other natural colorants such as annatto, gardenia yellow and carthamus yellow. But the colors of all of the yellow pigments were similar by panels. Thus, the yellow pigment of Y7 could be used as a useful alternative colorant for food industry, having the advantage of antimicrobial activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2577-2583
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• 2011

We have designed a 20-residue hybrid peptide CA(1-8)-MA(1-12) (CAMA) incorporating residues 1-8 of cecropin A (CA) and residues 1-12 of magainin 2 (MA) with high bacterial cell selectivity. CAMA-P2 is an ${\alpha}$-helical antimicrobial peptide designed from a CAMA hybrid peptide and substitution of Gly-Ile-Gly hinge sequence of CAMA to Pro influences the flexibility at central part of CAMA. Based on structure-activity relationships of CAMA peptides, to investigate the effects of the total positive charges on antimicrobial activity of CAMA-P2, the $Ser^{14}{\rightarrow}$Lys analogue (CAMA-syn1) was synthesized. The role of tryptophan at C-terminal ${\alpha}$-helix on its antimicrobial activity as well as synergistic activity was also investigated using $Ser^{14}{\rightarrow}$Lys/$Phe^{18}{\rightarrow}$Trp analogue (CAMA-syn2). Also, we designed CAMA-syn3 by substitution of $Lys^{16}$ located opposite side of substituted $Lys^{14}$ of CAMA-syn1 with Leu residue, resulting in increase of hydrophobicity and amphipathicity of the peptide. All of CAMA-syn analogues showed good antimicrobial activities similar to those of CAMA and CAMA-P2. The CAMA-syn1 and CAMA-syn2 showed low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity against human keratinocyte Haca-T cells while CAMA-syn3 showed hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity at its MIC value. We then investigated their abilities to act synergistically in combination with the antimicrobial flavonoids and synthetic compounds screened in our laboratory. The results showed that all peptides exhibited synergistic effects with dihydrobinetin, while only CAMA-syn2 exhibited synergistic effects with YKAs3001 against both S. aureus and MRSA, suggesting that Trp residue at C-terminus of CAMA-syn2 may facilitate the polar antibiotic flavonoids and synthetic compounds to permeabilize the membrane. This study will be useful for the development of new antibiotic peptides with potent antimicrobial and synergistic activity but without cytotoxicity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.769-775
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• 2012

Among the phenolic compounds that is generally present in strawberry fruits, five simple phenolics, three flavonoids, and a stilbene were tested for their antimicrobial activity against seven fungi and one oomycete. trans-Cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity, and the antimicrobial effect of the simple phenolics decreased with an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups. Phytophthora capsici was the most susceptible to the phenolic compounds tested in this study. trans-Cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and kaempferol were mainly detected in 'Seolhyang' strawberry fruits, and the total phenolic contents of the fruits decreased during their development. Extracts of the green (1-10% red color) and red (above 90% red color) strawberry fruits reduced the mycelial growth and zoospore germination rate of P. capsici, and the extract of red strawberry fruit showed strong antimicrobial activity against the zoospore germination of P. capsici. These results indicate that strawberry fruits contain antimicrobial phenolic compounds and that strawberry fruit extract can be used as a natural fungistat.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2001

Recently, consumer's demand for natural preservatives is increasing because of residual toxicity, mutagenicity and etc. of synthetic preservatives and th study of natural preservatives is being done. In this study, antimicrobial activity of spices was investigated. Fungi occurred in bread and d noodle without mustard after 3days and 4days, respectively. However, they didn't occured in bread and noodle with mustard ball. Temperature of the water used in mixing-up mustard powder didn't affect antimicrobial activity of mustard. Fungi occurred in bread with cinnamon, Japanese pepper or horseradish after 4days, 4days or 6days, respectively. However, there wasn't the occurrence of fungi in bread with mustard after 8days, yet. Mustard and horseradish of extracts by water of spices had a strong antimicrobial activity. But the extracts by ethanol had 1ow antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.595-602
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate antimicrobial activities of the lactoferrin and its peptic hydrolysates obtained from the colostrums of Hanwoo(Korean native cattle) and Holstein cattle. In the measurement of antimicrobial activity to E. coli O111 and other microorganisms, bovine lactoferrin showed a higher antimicrobial activity than that of Hanwoo cow's lactoferrin . The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactoferrin against E. coli O111 was exhibited 1.5mg/ml(Holstein) and 2.75mg/ml (Hanwoo). The same result was also observed between bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (0.12mg/ml) and Hanwoo cow's lactoferrin hydrolysate (0.25mg/ml). In addition of lysozyme, antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2001

Eighteen kinds of medicinal edible herbs, which are nontoxic and has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, were extracted and antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated against various foodborne pathogens or food poisoning microorganisms. Among them, the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and followed by Quercus aliena and Quercus dentata, respectively. Thus, further study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of Quercus species extracts. The plants were extracted with ethanol, methanol and water, respectively. The ethanol, methanol, and water extracts of Quercus mongolica leaf showed 10~21 mm inhibition zone against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria at two thousand $\mu\textrm{g}$ per disc, but little antimicrobial activity was observed against fungi and yeast. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf was 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Bacillus cereus. Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 62.5~125 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively.