• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility and analyze the plasmid profile for the 145 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated from livestock products and these product processing plants in Gyeongnam, Korea. All of L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotype 1/2b (57.9%), 1/2a (20.0%), 4b (11.4%), 1/2c, 3b, 4c (each 2.9%) and 4d (0.7%). Serotype 1/2b, 1/2a, 4b from each source were found predominantly. Serotype 1/2b was predominantly higher than other serotype, and there was no significant difference between serotypes isolated from livestock products and product processing plants. 4b was major serotype isolated from raw milk and pork, and serotypes isolated from beef, chickens and slaughterhouse were 1/2b and 1/2a. The susceptibility of 145 strains of L. monocytogenes to 14 antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human therapy was determined by disk diffusion method. All of L. monocytogenes strains were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and penicillin. L. monocytogenes strains had the highest resistance with colistin (100%), oxytetracycline (44.8%), tetracycline (43.4%) followed by erythromycin (2.8%), spectinomycin (1.4%) and streptomycin (0.7%). Tetracycline resistance, and serotype distribution of the isolates from sample sources were significantly different. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was observed in all of them and 7 different resistant profiles were recorded. The most common resistance pattern were CL-OTC-TC (colistin-oxytetracycline-tetracycline) (42.8%). Among all tested isolates, two different plasmid profiles were observed. Of the 97 examined strains, 14 (14.4%) contained either the 8 and 11 kb plasmid or the 11 kb.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2013

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic, gram-negative and glucose-non-fermenting bacterium, which has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen. Many clinical microbiology laboratories use the Vitek 2 system for the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing process, including testing on A. baumannii isolates. However, in case of amikacin, it is now recommended to perform additional antimicrobial susceptibility testing for A. baumannii strains due to the relatively lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the Vitek 2 system compared to conventional reference methods. In our study, we assessed MIC for amikacin susceptibility testing of A. baumannii isolates in the Vitek 2 system, the agar dilution, Etest, and disk diffusion method. We collected 40 gentamicin-resistant, A. baumannii strains (amikacin MIC by Vitek 2:${\leq}2{\mu}g/mL$, 2 isolates; $4{\mu}g/mL$, 34 isolates; $8{\mu}g/mL$, 4 isolates) from a University hospital and compared the Vitek 2 system to other reference methods for testing susceptibility to amikacin. The Vitek 2 system showed major errors in all of the 40 isolates, yielding a low MIC. The results of our study strongly suggested that the Vitek 2 system was not a reliable method to test the MICs of gentamicin; ranging from ${\geq}16{\mu}g/mL$ for amikacin susceptibility. Other tests, such as agar dilution, Etest, or disk diffusion methods, should be paralleled to determine the MIC of amikacin in A. baumannii.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.20
• /
• pp.8883-8886
• /
• 2014

Background: Tetracycline is an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, but its effectiveness is decreasing due to increasing bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of 16S rRNA mutations associated with resistance or reduced susceptibility to tetracycline ofHelicobacter pylori by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays from culture. Materials and Methods: Tetracycline susceptibility and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by the Epsilometer test (Etest) method. A LightCycler assay developed to detect these mutations was applied to DNA extracted from culture. The 16S rRNA of these isolates was sequenced and resistance-associated mutations were identified. From 104 isolates of H. pylori examined, 11 showed resistance to tetracycline. Results: LightCycler assay was applied to DNA extracted from 11 tetracycline-susceptible and 11 tetracycline resistance H. pylori isolates. In our study the sequencing of the H. pylori wild types in 16 s rRNA gene were AGA 926-928 with MIC (0.016 to $0.5{\mu}g/ml$), while the sequencing and MIC for resistant were GGA and AGC, (0.75 to $1.5{\mu}g/ml$), respectively. Also we found a novel mutation in 2 strains with $84^{\circ}C$ as their melting temperatures and exhibition of an A939C mutation. Conclusions: We conclude that real-time PCR is an excellent method for determination of H. pylori tetracycline resistance related mutations that could be used directly on biopsy specimens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.564-570
• /
• 2016

The Sal-like 1 gene (Sall1) is essential for kidney development, and mutations in this gene result in abnormalities in the kidneys. Mice lacking Sall1 show agenesis or severe dysgenesis of the kidneys. In a recent study, blastocyst complementation was used to develop mice and pigs with exogenic organs. In the present study, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated homologous recombination was used to produce Sall1-knockout porcine fibroblasts for developing knockout pigs. The vector targeting the Sall1 locus included a 5.5-kb 5' arm, 1.8-kb 3' arm, and a neomycin resistance gene as a positive selection marker. The knockout vector and TALEN were introduced into porcine fibroblasts by electroporation. Antibiotic selection was performed over 11 days by using $300{\mu}g/mL$ G418. DNA of cells from G418-resistant colonies was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the presence of fragments corresponding to the 3' and 5' arms of Sall1. Further, mono- and bi-allelic knockout cells were isolated and analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of our study indicated that TALEN-mediated homologous recombination induced bi-allelic knockout of the endogenous gene.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to identify and investigate antimicrobial susceptibility for Mannheimuia haemolytical which is responsible for shipping fever. Samples were collected from nasal and lung of 100 adult healthy cattle which are slaughtered in Samsung meat corporation located in Incheon metropolitan city. lung lesion index have been investigated within 0-5 range according to Shewen and Willkie(Can J Vet Res 52:30-36, 1988). Eighty-seven of 100 cattle were under normal condition with 0-1 ranges. A total of 129 strains were collected from blood and tryptic soy agar. Among these strains, 100 strains were identified with Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and enterobacteria containing E coli. Biochemical and fermentation assay of arabinose, trehalose, xylose, mannose, mannitol, lactose and salicin were tested to identify with Mannheimia sp. for 7 strains shown haemolytic activity on blood agar. Five strains were identified with Mannheimia haemolytica and 2 strains were untyped. In seasonal survey, Mannheimia sp recovered from fall to winter(5 of 7) have been highly isolated rather than those from spring to summer(2 of 7). Mannheimiz haemolytica were susceptible to antibacterials tested in this study but more resistant to oxytetracycline and streptomycin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.451-465
• /
• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in Kyungbuk area for the 3 years from 1966 to 1998. Collective milk samples were routinely screened to detect positive farms by using the milk ring test(MRT), and serum agglutination test was performed to detect sero-positive individuals in the MRT positive farms. Attempt were made to isolate the causative organismas from slaughtered sero-positive reactors and some biochemical and polymerase chain reation characters of the isolates were also made to identify the organisms. Seroprevalence to brucellosis in peoples who are close contact with infected dairy herds was also investigated. Brucellosis of dairy cattle was rare before 1997, but has been broken more frequently since early 1998. By the MRT for dairy herds, positive rate was gradually increased every year : 0.6% in 1996, 1.5% in 1997, 3.9% in 1998. Among 262 MRT-positive herds, only 21 herds(8.0%) showed positive brucellosis in serological test. The isolation rates of Brucella sp from tested materials were 51.2% in supramammary glands, 39.5% in milks, and 50.0% in pulmonary Iymphnode, respectively. Isolated strain and biotype were Brucella(B) arbortus biotype 1 in 26 heads, and were B suis biotype 1 in 2 heads. Isolated strain and vaccine strain were very similar in their colony morphology and staining. In drug susceptibility, isolated stains(B abortus) and vaccine strain(B abortus RB-51) were sensitive to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, and to tetracycline, but resistant to erythromycin. In the PCR, field strains reacted to BA and IS711 primers, and vaccine strain reacted to BA, IS711, and RB5l primers. In the plate agglutination test of 96 sera of human contacted with animals, serum antibody titer detected 1 : 100 in one person, 1 : 200 in one, and below 1 : 25 in the others.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 1994

A study on the isolation of Yersiniae from the feces of wild animals(mammals 376, birds 19 and reptiles 13) in zoo and the biotype and serotype and susceptibility of 12 antibiotics was carried. Out of 408 animals, Yersiniae were isolated from 28 animals(6.9%). Of 28 isolates, 27 isolates(96.4%) were Y. enterocolitica and 1(3.6%) was Y. kristensenii. According to the species, 25(6.6%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.3%) of Y. kristensenii were isolated from 376 mammals, 2(15.4%) of Y. enterocolitica from 13 reptiles but not isolated from 19 birds. According to the eating pattern, 8(5.2%) of Y. enterocolitica were isolated from 155 carnivora, 13(10%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 herbivora, and 6(4.9%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.8%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 omnivora. Out of 27 isolates of Y. enterocolitica, all were biotype 1. And predominant serotype was 0:21(40.7%), and 0:5(37.0%), 0:6(11.1%), 0:1(3.7%), 0:9(3.7%) and untypable(3.7%). Yersiniae isolated from zoo animals were resistant to cephalothin(100%), ampicillin(96.4%), carbenicillin(96.4%) and tetracycline(14.3%) and streptomycin(3.6%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol(100%), colistin(100%), gentamicin(100%), kanamycin(100%), nalidixic acid(100%), polymyxin B(100%) and tobramycin(100%). The predominant multiple resistance pattern was Am-Cf-Cb(82.1%), and Am-Cf-Cb-Te(10.7%) and Am-Cf-Cb-Te-Sm(3.7%).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2011

Most of the intraoral infections origin in odontogenic infection. Odontogenic infection spreads out along the least resistant path. In maxilla, the thickness between periapical area and cortical bone is narrower on the buccal side than the palatal side. So infection usually spreads out along the buccal side rather than the palatal side. The failure of root canal treatment more frequently occurs on the buccal root compared to the palatal root. So the palatal abscess is rarer than the buccal abscess. It is difficult to differential diagnosis palatal abscess from salivary gland tumors, benign neural tumors and cysts on the palate. Therefore, when the palatal swelling is observed in children, you need to prevent the systemic spread of infection by early diagnosis of the odontogenic palatal abscess. In these cases, the patient who complained of the pain in deciduous teeth and the palatal swelling was diagnosed with odontogenic palatal abscess. The patient was treated with extraction and antibiotic medication. The palatal abscess was resolved, and we report after treatments.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. from duck feces in northern area of the Gyeongnam province, Korea. Samples of 121 duck feces were taken from April to December 2014 for this survey. Samples were examined by bacteria isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter were isolated in 37 samples (30.6%). Among these samples, C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated in 35 samples and 2 samples, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test is performed to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni were resistant to ciprofloxacin (85.7%), nalidixic acid(82.9%), tetracycline (77.1%), gentamicin (57.1%), azithromycin (40.0%), clindamycin (34.3%), erythromycin (22.9%), and florfenicol (8.6%). These data support a database of pollution and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. from duck feces and provide a basic information of reducing the secondary damage of antibiotic misuse.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 1986

This paper deals with the incidence of bovine mastitis for 743 quarters and distribution of Staphylococci for the quarter and 70 bulk milk samples in the northern area of Gyeongbuk during the period from January to December 1984. Isolated Staphylococci were examined for species, subgroups, antibiotic resistance and penicillinase production. The results obtained were summarized as follows : A total of 25(73.5%) of 34 herds, 102(54.3%) of 188 cows and 208(30.3%) of 743 quarters were found to be infected with subclinical mastitis. A total of 83(83.1%) of 102 cows, 94(45.2%) of 208 mastitic quarters and 55(78.6%) of 70 bulk milk samples were isolated Staphylococci. Three hundred and eighteen strains of Staphylococci were classified into 11 species. Of these speoies, S. aureus from mastitis and S. sciuri from bulk milk were found most frequently, followed by S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, S hyicus subsp. hyicus. Subgroups of catalase-positive and negative cocci were belonged most frequently to subgroup I, and subgroups III and III b, respectively. The method of Pelzer of al(97.8%) was more classified than that of Baird-Parker (68.5%). One hundred and sixty one strains(50.6%) of 318 Staphylococci isolates were resistance to one or more antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Isolates from subclinical mastitis were more resistant to antibiotics than its from bulk milk. Of the 318 Staphylococci Isolates, 128(40.3%) gave positive reaction for the penicillinase test, all of ampicillin resistance strains produced this emzyme.