• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2003

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is traditionally used as appetite enhancer, improver of the digestive system, antithusive, anti-cold, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammation. In vitro evaluation using human lymphocyte cultures showed almost similar indication with those in in vivo mouse study, NK cell lysing activity was improved significantly. Proliferation activity of B and T cells, and CD3$^{＋}$ and CD3$^{＋}$CD4$^{＋}$T cell subset were better observed using oleoresin or gingerol and shogaol fractions. Although there were higher activities in gingerol, the improvement was almost equal to that by oleoresin. Shogaol did not show better improvement except at higher concentration. It could be concluded that treatment with single bioactive compound, such as gingerol, did not show significant effects compared to oleoresin, the crude extract. In human study, involving healthy male adult, the improvement of NK cell lysing activity was again demonstrated and even more apparent. The mechanism involved in the protection seemed to be through the antioxidant activity of gingerol. However, other mechanism underlying the improvement of NK cell lysing activity must be involved since this improvement seemed to be specifically toward NK cell activity. Since NK cells ave specific for the elimination of virus-infected cell and mutated cells, this positive effect on the immune system are very interesting. This work has also scientifically proved that the traditional beliefs that ginger had preventive effects on common cold appeared to be reasonable.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2012

Hesperidin, a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been studied as potential therapeutic agents that have anti-tumor activity and apoptotic effects in several cancers, but there is no report about the apoptotic effect of hesperidin in human malignant pleural mesothelioma through the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) protein. We investigated whether hesperidin inhibited cell growth and regulated Sp1 target proteins by suppressing the levels of Sp1 protein in MSTO-211H cells. The $IC_{50}$ value of hesperidin was determined to be 152.3 ${\mu}M$ in MSTO-211H cells for 48 h. Our results suggested that hesperidin (0-160 ${\mu}M$) decreased cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death. Hesperidin increased Sub-$G_1$ population in MSTO-211H cells. Hesperidin significantly suppressed mRNA/protein level of Sp1 and modulated the expression level of the Sp1 regulatory protein such as p27, p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and survivin in mesothelioma cells. Also, hesperidin induced apoptotic signaling including: cleavages of Bid, caspase-3, and PARP, upregulation of Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-$_{xl}$ in mesothelioma cells. These results show that hesperidin suppressed mesothelioma cell growth through inhibition of Sp1. In this study, we demonstrated that Sp1 acts as a novel molecular target of hesperidin in human malignant pleural mesothelioma.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of Metallo-Beta-Lactamases (MBLs) among nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the 50 P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens, 20 were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and screened for MBL by double-disk synergy test and combined-disk test. Nineteen strains (95%) were found to be MBL producers among the 20 P. aeruginosa. MBL positives were further confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For the IMP and VIM types of MBLs, PCR analysis was performed on 19 of the 20, and 10 were positive for VIM MBL type. This study reports the validation of a simple and accurate MBL detection method that can be easily incorporated into the daily routine of a clinical laboratory. Early detection of MBL-carrying organisms, including those with susceptibility to carbapenems, is of paramount clinical importance, as it allows rapid initiation of strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection.Key Words : Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Anti-HAV, Hospital workers, Prevalence, Vaccination

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

The attacker's techniques and tools are becoming intelligent and sophisticated. Existing Anti-Virus cannot prevent security accident. So the security threats on the endpoint should also be considered. Recently, EDR security solutions to protect endpoints have emerged, but they focus on visibility. There is still a lack of detection and responsiveness. In this paper, we use real-world EDR event logs to aggregate knowledge-based MITRE ATT&CK and autoencoder-based anomaly detection techniques to detect anomalies in order to screen effective analysis and analysis targets from a security manager perspective. After that, detected anomaly attack signs show the security manager an alarm along with log information and can be connected to legacy systems. The experiment detected EDR event logs for 5 days, and verified them with hybrid analysis search. Therefore, it is expected to produce results on when, which IPs and processes is suspected based on the EDR event log and create a secure endpoint environment through measures on the suspicious IP/Process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.549-555
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• 2019

According to a recent report by anti-virus vendors, the number of new and modified malware increased exponentially. Therefore, malware analysis research using machine learning has been actively researched in order to replace passive analysis method which has low analysis speed. However, when using supervised learning based machine learning, many studies use low-reliability malware family name provided by the antivirus vendor as the label. In order to solve the problem of low-reliability of malware label, this paper introduces a new labeling technique, "Unified Labeling", and further verifies the malicious behavior similarity through the feature analysis of the fine-grained method. To verify this study, various clustering algorithms were used and compared with existing labeling techniques.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Recently, the abuse of Internet technology has caused economic and mental harm to society as a whole. Especially, malicious code that is newly created or modified is used as a basic means of various application hacking and cyber security threats by bypassing the existing information protection system. However, research on small-capacity executable files that occupy a large portion of actual malicious code is rather limited. In this paper, we propose a model that can analyze the characteristics of known small capacity executable files by using data mining techniques and to use them for detecting unknown malicious codes. Data mining analysis techniques were performed in various ways such as Naive Bayesian, SVM, decision tree, random forest, artificial neural network, and the accuracy was compared according to the detection level of virustotal. As a result, more than 80% classification accuracy was verified for 34,646 analysis files.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.194-203
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• 2021

With the spread of Corona virus l spreading to the uncertainty of society, consumers request more active social responsibility programs. In other words, it is manifest that corporate brands are required to pursue the public interests. Consumers go beyond the corporate social responsibility programs and support corporate's involvement to solve the social problems and they consume the brand accordingly. Thus, the companies respond to the consumers' request as a form of brand activism, or the new social marketing form in which the companies set the brand as an individual and seek the solutions of social issues. In this study, five experienced experts in the area were recruited to conduct in-depth interviews and how brand activism was practiced worldwide. The results reveal that brand activism is actively practiced with the support of consumers in the area of support for the small business, anti-racism efforts, gender diversity and equality, and sustainability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.221-235
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• 2010

Internet service providers provide various security services, such as firewall, intrusion detection, intrusion prevention, anti-virus, along with their main Internet services. Those security service users have no idea what kind of quality services they are guaranteed. And therefore, Internet users interest in Security Service Level Agreement(SLA) increases as their interest in secure Internet service increases. However, there wasn't any researches in the S-SLA area domestically and there are only limited SLA indexes related to system or service maintenances at the moment. Therefore, this paper analyses security functions in IPS services and categorize them into common and independent security functions. Finally to improve quality of security services, this paper proposes S-SLA indexes depending on the different security levels. This will be subdivide into agreement on security service.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

Treatment techniques that affect homeostasis by non-invasive regulation in peripheral organs will advance disease research. Here, we demonstrate a non-invasive method of conditioning within an organ using a low-frequency stimulator superposition of alternating microcurrent wave in stages. It is first applied to the inflammatory response in H3N2-infected sinusitis mice. To check the progress of the treatment, mice were sacrificed every week for 3 weeks, nasal tissue was removed, and the inflammatory response was investigated through H & E staining. The low-frequency stimulation treatment group was found to alleviate the proliferation of epithelial cells and invasion of inflammatory cells compared to the control group as the passage of treatment time. The reduction of inflammatory cytokines in the nasal lavage fluid was observed in H3N2-infected sinusitis mice treated with of low-frequency stimulation using superposition of alternating microcurrent wave compared to H3N2-infected sinusitis mice after 3 weeks. These data demonstrate that low-frequency stimulation device in the form of using alternating current wave superposition on within organs provides a new method to regulate specific physiological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to prove the inhibitory effect of low-frequency stimulation using alternating current wave superposition on inflammatory diseases by various methods through further studies and clinical studies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.795-804
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• 2021

Memory T (T_M) cells play an important role in the long-term defense against pathogen reinvasion. However, it is still unclear how these cells receive the crucial signals necessary for their longevity and homeostatic turnover. To understand how T_M cells receive these signals, we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and examined the expression sites of neural cadherin (N-cadherin) by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that N-cadherin was expressed in the surroundings of the white pulps of the spleen and medulla of lymph nodes (LNs). Moreover, T_M cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a ligand of N-cadherin, were co-localized with N-cadherin⁺ cells in the spleen but not in LNs. We then blocked N-cadherin in vivo to investigate whether it regulates the formation or function of T_M cells. The numbers of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells in the spleen of memory P14 chimeric mice declined when N-cadherin was blocked during the contraction phase, without functional impairment of these cells. In addition, when CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells were adoptively transferred into anti-N-cadherin-treated mice compared with control mice, the number of these cells was reduced in the bone marrow and LNs, without functional loss. Taken together, our results suggest that N-cadherin participates in the development of CD127^hiCD62L^hi T_M cells and homing of CD127^loKLRG1^hi T_M cells to lymphoid organs.