• 제목/요약/키워드: androgyny

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여고생의 성 접촉과 성역할 정체감 및 자아존중감에 대한 연구 (A Relationship among Sexual contact, Sex Role Identity, and Self Esteem of Girls' High School Students)

  • 손정남
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.468-478
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among sexual contact, sex role identification, and self esteem in Korean girls' high school students. Methods: The data were collected from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea from June 22 to July 18, 2002. Data were processed with the SAS program. Results: It was found that 42.51% of girls haven't experienced any sexual contact at all. The highest frequency in the final level of sexual contact was 'kiss', which was 22.03%. The 'androgyny' type among sex role identities of girls was most common, 32.57%, being followed by the 'undifferentiated' type 31.61%, the 'masculinity' type 18.97%, and the 'femininity' type 16.86, in that order. The sexual contacts such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'embracing', and 'kiss' were significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self-esteem was significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self- esteem was not significantly different depending on the final level of sexual contact. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, sex education programs should be developed in order to delay the sexual contacts of girls.

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현대패션에 표현된 넥타이의 미적특성 (The Aesthetic Characteristics of the Necktie in the Modern Fashion)

  • 김선영
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to understanding the intrinsic meanings and aesthetic characteristics expressed by current fashion trends in neckties and to develop a new and unique fashion design for neckties. This study used precedent studies and related literatures to review the changes in neckties and the types of knots used over time. The findings were then verified by photographs from fashion magazines and collections from the 1990s. The results of this study are as follows. First, neckties, generally regarded as a symbol of masculinity, are often mixed with other men's or women's clothing items rather than being worn by themselves, and they provide an androgynous characteristic in women's fashion. This transcendence of femininity or masculinity reflects the human desire to be a more perfect being by sharing each others characteristics, and it can be seen in contemporary beauty trends. Second, neckties have been transformed into scarves, waist belts, front-fly omaments, and so forth. They are used to express a new and sensational sense, the sense of deconstructionism, by breaking away from stereotypes and changing the shape of neckties atypically.

성역할정체감이 겉옷.속옷에 대한 의복행동 및 의복이미지 선호에 미치는 영향 (A Study on Clothing Behavior and Clothing Image of Out/Inner Wear According to Sex Role Stereotype)

  • 윤은아;이선재
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.152-163
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    • 2000
  • This study intends to analyze the sex role stereotype that could be effective variable for conduction clothing behavior and clothing image preference, to find out the relationship between sex role stereotype and out/inner wear clothing behavior and clothing image preference of women, and to provide useful information for establishing marketing strategies of out/inner wear market. A total of 628 samples were selected from adult female in Seoul. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. They were analyzed by SAS package. Main result of this study were follows: 1. In the relationship between clothing behavior and clothing image preference and demographic variables, four clothing-behaviores of out wear, and comfort and aesthetics of inner wear showed significant differences according to all of the demographic variables. 2. In the relationship between sex role stereotype and clothing behavior and clothing image preference, four types of sex role stereotype were showed significant differences in comfort, modesty, aesthetics and masculine-feminine image of out wear, and masculine-feminine image of inner wear. 3. In the consistency between out wear clothing behavior and clothing image preference, and inner wear clothing behavior and clothing image preference according to sex role stereotype, all cases except one showed no significant consistency.

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고스 하위문화 스타일의 미적 특성 (Aesthetics of Goth as a subculture style)

  • 임은혁
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2013
  • Subcultural style is the center of subcultural identity and the clothes and adornments are the most visible symbol of membership. The Goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. The style symbolized the strong subjective subcultural identity held by most Goths and acted as the practical basis to demonstrate their commitment to the subculture. This study investigates the aesthetic and the style of Goth subculture in its heyday of 1980s which has continued to affect mainstream fashion and culture since its birth. In order to inquire the concept of subculture and its style, this study executes literature survey as well as investigates the images of street style magazines to analyze the visual elements. The stylistic and the aesthetic characteristics of Goth subcultural style analyzed in this study are grouped into four categories as follows: first, Victoriana, which embodies the fear of death and the nostalgia for the past using Victorian morning dresses and corsets, second, vampirism, in that some Goths who are fascinated by vampires are costumed in vampire figures to advocate diabolism and decadence, third, sexual ambiguity of male Goths which emphasizes feminine appearance in the pursuit of androgyny, and fourth, sexual fetish of female Goths which represents aggressive eroticism utilizing fetish paraphernalia.

초등학교 수학${\cdot}$과학 영재아동의 성역할 정체감에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Sex Role Identity of Gifted Children in Mathematics and Science)

  • 조선미;진석언
    • 영재교육연구
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 초등학교 수학${\cdot}$과학 영재아동의 성역할 정체감을 일반아동과 비교하여 영재아동의 심리적 특성을 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 설문 조사를 통해 영재아동 192명과 일반아동 128명의 성역할 정체감을 살펴본 결과 영재아동의 성역할 정체감 유형이 양성성 유형은 높게 미분화 유형은 낮게 나타났다. 영재아동은 일반 아동에 비하여 자신의 성역할을 빨리 인식하고 있으며 일반아동보다는 자유로운 양성성적인 성향을 나타냈다.

남성의 젠더(Gender) 정체성, 브랜드 젠더, 판매원의 성이 패션 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향 (The effect of man's gender identity, brand gender and salesperson sex on fashion brand attitude)

  • 김정목;황선진;허유진
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.42-54
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    • 2014
  • This research used an experimental design in an effort to assess the influence of brand gender and salespeople on the attitudes toward brands according to the males' gender identity traits. The study used a three-way split-plot experimental design, and data were analyzed by t-tests, and ANOVA. The subject of this research was men in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 178 people were selected through convenience- sampling. The findings are as follows: first, masculine male consumers preferred masculinity fashion brands; however, androgynous consumers preferred brands that reflect androgyny. Second, there were no differences in brand attitude according to the gender of the salesperson for the masculinity group, but the androgynous group estimated the brands as better when the salesperson was female. Third, there were no differences in the brand attitudes among consumers according to gender of the salesperson for the Galaxy; however, for Solid Homme, brand preference was stronger when the salesperson was a woman. Fourth, the influence of brand gender and salesperson gender on brand attitudes differed according to the gender of the consumer. Therefore, apparel companies must clearly understand the characteristics of consumer gender identity and execute proper marketing strategies in order to induce stronger positive attitudes toward their brands. Moreover, apparel companies should perceive that brand gender and the gender of the salesperson can consequently encourage brand preferences.

X\cdot$미 양국 대학생의 성역할 정체감과 자존감에 관한 비교문화연구 (Sex role identity and self esteem among Korean and American college students)

  • 정옥분
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.123-137
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    • 1986
  • The present study was designed to answer the following questions : The first overall question had to do with the relationship between sex-role identity and self-esteem-more specifically, is androgyny or masculinity more importamt in explaining the variation in self-esteem? The second overall question had to do with the degree to which the relationship between sex-role identity and self-esteem is a universal or a culturally specific phenomeon-more specifically, is the relationship between sex-role identity and self-esteem the same in Korean and American cultures? The Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory were administered to 208 American college students and 207 Korean college students, respectively, in introductory sociology classes. The BSRI and SEI are standardized for American subjects and written in English. Prior to administering these instruments to Korean subjects, they were translated ito the Korean Language. In order to fully explore the data, qualitative as well as quantitative measurement of the BSRI were used, and both factorial and regression analyses were performed in this study. The most important cross-cultural differences found in the present study are directly related to the two research questions. In the U.S. sample, masculine attributes were found to be more important in explaining self-esteem. On the other hand, androgynous attributes were positively related to self-esteem in the Korean sample. These findings also provide the answer to the second question. That is, different cross-cultural patterns of relationship were found between sexrole identity and self-esteem, providing some support for a culture-bound relationship. These cross-cultural differences were discussed in terms of both confucian values held by Koreans and Bakan's suggestion of a positive relationship between agentic characteristics and modernization.

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한국인의 성역할 정체감 검사 도구 개발 (Development of Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory)

  • 이병숙;김명애;고효정
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.373-383
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    • 2002
  • This study was performed to develope a scale of gender role identity in Korean adults based on the Bem's theory of androgyny. Although there were several tools in Korea, they were revealed having some problems of cultural differences, translation biases, and methodological problems. Methods: A list of 78 items were developed using the existing tools and descriptions from 5 married couples. The items were the typical personality characteristics which were manifested by gender, male or female. And the list contained several items which were the socially desirable personality characteristics. which would be simply used as contextual items. Validity of the 78 items were screened by 18 expert panels with 4 point Likert scale, and 57 items were judged as highly valid from 70% of the experts, which were selected as preliminary items for the tool. Using the preliminary tool which was developed as a 4 point Likert scale, data were collected from 1,127 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. 53 items were remained, because 4 items whose item-total correlation were lower than 0.2 were excluded by the result of item analysis. Factor analysis was done with the 53 items, and 49 items whose factor loadings were same and higher than 0.4 were remained. 3 factors were identified with eigen value 2.0, and these factors were named as masculinity, femininity, and social desirability. Results and Conclusion: KGRII(Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory) which contained 45 items was developed, with 15 items for 3 factors. The reliability of the tool was very high. Cronbach alpha of the tool was 0.929, and alpha of the subscales were ranged from 0.841 to 0.922.

20대-30대 남성들의 라이프스타일에 따른 화장품 구매행동 (A Study on the Cosmetics Purchasing Behavior According to the 20-30 Year Old Men's Life Style)

  • 이문영;김용숙
    • 복식
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    • 제56권1호
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    • pp.56-69
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    • 2006
  • The purposes of this study were to identify cosmetics purchasing behavior according the 20-30 year old men's lifestyle. The results were as follows; 1. The factors of men's lifestyle were sense of fashion, participation of social activities, use of web-based information, sense of androgyny, economical efficiency, provision of web-base information, sport activities, and pursuit of change, and they were segmented into a passive stagnant group, a economic web-base information utilizing group, a positive social activity participation group, and a sensitive appearance change pursuit group. 2. Passive stagnant group used less information sources patronized cosmetics specialty store, did not select their cosmetics by themselves, and spent less for their cosmetics. Economic web-base information utilizing group used information sources positively, patronized cosmetics discount store or internet shopping, and spent less for cosmetics. Positive social activity participation group patronized cosmetics specialty store or discount store, but did not select cosmetics by themselves. Sensitive appearance change pursuit group patronized department store or internet shopping for cosmetics, selected cosmetics by themselves, and spent more. 3. Passive stagnant group showed a tendency of older, less educated, and lower incomes, but economic web-base information utilizing group were among the age of 20's, lower educated, and the unmarried with average incomes. Positive social activity participation group showed a tendency of older, highly educated, and the married with jobs, but sensitive appearance change pursuit group were among the age of 20's and university students with more incomes and pocket money.

중국 중학생의 배려심과 성별, 성역할정체감 및 부모의 애정적 양육행동 간의 관계 (Relationships Between Gender, Gender Role Identity, Parent's Affectionate Behaviors and Care in Chinese Middle School Students)

  • 임수형;김희화;공유경
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.179-190
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between gender, gender role identity, parents' affectionate behaviors and care in Chinese middle school students. Also, this study examines the differences in care among Chinese middle school students with respect to parent's socio-demographic variables. The subjects were 478 3rd grade middle school students in Tianjin, China. The major findings were as follows. There were significant differences in care of Chinese middle school students with respect to mother's job and age. In other words, a higher level of care of Chinese middle school students was shown in students who had an unemployed mother, labour mother or mothers of 46 years and over. As result of examining the main effects of gender, gender role identity and parent's affectionate behaviors caring for Chinese middle school students, there were significant with respect to gender role identity and parents' affectionate behaviors. Masculinity, femininity and androgyny identity demonstrated a higher care than undifferentiated identity. Also, a higher level of care was associated with higher parents' affectionate behaviors. There were interaction effects caused by gender and gender role identity in care for Chinese middle school students. Also, there were interaction effects caused by gender and parent's affectionate behaviors on the nature of care for Chinese middle school students.