• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.80-80
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• 2018

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound found in Cudrania tricuspidata fruits. In the present study, the effect of chlorogenic acid on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. Cells were stained with Oil red O reagent to detect lipid droplets in adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cells were lysed and measured for intracellular triglyceride and adipokine by ELISA kit. The protein expression of adipogenesis-related gene was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Chlorogenic suppressed lipid droplet and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in a concentration manner and also decreased secretion of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, compared with fully differentiated adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with chlorogenic acid reduced the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and, CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$). This indicates that chlrogenic acid was effective as an anti-obesity agent by repressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 into adipocytes and inhibiting triglyceridef formation in adipocyte and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2015

The anti-obesity effects of starter (Leuconostoc mesenteroides+Lactobacillus plantarum) fermented kimchi on 3T3-L1 adipocyte were studied using naturally fermented kimchi (NK), a functional kimchi (FK, NK supplemented with green tea), and FK supplemented with added starters (FKS). Oil red O staining and cellular levels of triglyceride (TG) and glycerol were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-obesity effects of these kimchis in 3T3-L1 cells. The expressions of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related genes of peroxisome proliferator-active receptor (PPAR)-${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhance-binding protein (C/EBP)-${\alpha}$, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were determined by RT-PCR. Kimchis, especially FKS, markedly decreased TG levels and increased levels of intracellular glycerol and lipid lipolysis. In addition, FKS also reduced the mRNA levels of PPAR-${\gamma}$, C/EBP-${\alpha}$, and FAS, which are related to adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest the anti-obesity effects of FKS were to due to enhanced lipolysis and reduced adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2012

The anti-obesity potential of an ethanolic extract of the edible red alga Callophyllis japonica extract (CJE) was investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). CJE administration into HFD mice revealed suppression of body weight, adipose tissue weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it reduced serum levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the accumulation of fatty droplets in liver tissue. CJE and its ethyl acetate fraction inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by down-regulating the adipocyte-specific transcriptional regulators. Taken together, these results suggest that CJE reduces obesity in mice fed an HFD by inhibiting lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in the adipose tissues.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, a green alga of the Codiales family, has been reported to have several bioactive properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its antiobesity and whitening effects and their underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of C. fragile using methanol extracts of C. fragile (MECF). The results of this study revealed that MECF inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was associated with the inhibition of the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), and C/EBPβ, which function as the key regulators of adipogenesis. Also, MECF reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells as well as the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-related transcription factor in the presence of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Taken together, our findings suggest that the extract of C. fragile could be considered a promising functional ingredient for the prevention and treatment of obesity and skin pigmentation in the food and cosmetic industry.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2020

부추 속에 속하는 코끼리마늘(Allium ampeloprasum L.)에 대한 몇 가지 약리효과는 보고된 바 있으나, 이의 항비만 및 작용기전에 대한 보고 전무한 실정이다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 코끼리마늘 추출물이 3T3-L1 지방세포의 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 이의 지방세포 분화 억제 효능을 규명하였다. 본 연구에서는 생코끼리마늘(Raw Elephant Rarlic, REG) 및 흑코끼리마늘(Steam Elephant Garlic, SEG) 추출물이 지방세포의 분화 및 지질축적을 억제한다는 것을 보여주었다. 주목할 만한 점은, REG의 경우 지방세포에 독성을 나타낸 반면, SEG는 독성을 나타내지 않았다는 점이다. 추가적으로, SEG는 PPARγ, C/EBPα, Adiponectin, Ap2 및 LPL와 같은 지방세포 분화 관련 유전자의 발현을 통계적으로 유의하게 억제하였다. 본 연구는 두 종류의 코끼리 마늘이 3T3-L1지방세포의 분화를 억제함을 보고한 최초의 연구이다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Objectives : Although Yeoldahanso-tang (YDHST) has been widely used for treatment of obesity and its related diseases such as hyperinsulinemia and hypertension for Taeeumin, no scientific evidence has reported yet to support its ability to work against these metabolic disorders. Our study was aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of YDHST extract on the cellular differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Methods : 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes by adding insulin, dexamethasone and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 8 days in the absence or presence of YDHST extract. Anti-obesity effects of YDHST extract were evaluated by Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, triglyceride contents, and leptin production. Results : YDHST extract remarkably prevented lipid accumulation with no cytotoxicity in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, YDHST extract decreased contents of triglyceride 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Consistently, YDHST extract caused a significant inhibition of GPDH activity and leptin production in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that Sasang constitutional herbal formula YDHST for Tae-eumin has anti-obesity activity by regulation of the adipogenesis process in vitro. Additional study will be required to further confirm the inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation by using in vivo animal model.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2009

We investigated the anti-obesity effect of berberine in mice fed a high fat diet and focused on the analysis of adipogenesis in epdidymal adipose tissue. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups, which were fed either a normal diet (Nor), a high fat diet (HFD), or a high fat diet plus orally administered berberine (0.2 g /kg body weight) (HFD+B) for 8 weeks. Relative to mice in the HFD group, mice in the HFD+B group showed significant reductions in weight gain and adipose tissue weight. Serum triglyceride levels in mice from the HFD+B group were significantly lower than those of the HFD mice, as were the levels of serum insulin and leptin. An effect of berberine to reduce epididymal adipose mass was revealed by H&E staining. Berberine inhibited the high fat diet-induced increase in levels of the proteins CD36 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein $\alpha$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) observed in epididymal adipose tissues of mice from the HFD group. These results suggest that berberine has an anti-obesity effect in mice and that the effect is mediated by inhibition of adipogenesis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of micro-current stimulation(MCS) on adipogenesis regarding with Wnt/β-catenin pathway using the ob/ob mouse and 3T3-L1 cell line. 6-week old ob/ob male mice were equally assigned to four groups: obese group(ob), obese with MCS groups(50 μA, 200 μA, and 400 μA). 6-week old C57BL/6J male mice were assigned to the control group(CON). We analyzed abdominal adipose tissue volume by using in vivo micro-CT and measured the body weight, feed intake, liver weight and triglycerides in serum. All the MCS groups showed that significantly reduced body weight and triglycerides in serum. In the case of liver weight and abdominal adipose tissue volume, the inhibitory effect of adipogenesis was shown in the 200 μA and 400 μA groups. To elucidate the anti-obesity effect of MCS, β-catenin, C/EBPα and FAS protein expressions were analyzed by western blotting. β-catenin expression was upregulated, C/EBPα and FAS expression were down-regulated in the relatively high-intensity groups(200 μA and 400 μA). Thus, the 200 μA and 400 μA for the intensity of MCS were chosen for cell experiments. In the 3T3-L1 cell line, Wnt/β-catenin pathway including Wnt10b, Wnt3a, β-catenin and Cyclin D1 was activated in all MCS groups. Accordingly, the expression level of C/EBPα was decreased during the differentiation and lipid droplet was significantly reduced in Oil red O staining results. These results suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be activated by MCS with current intensities between 200-400 μA and it may lead to anti-obesity effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.895-900
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• 2012

본 연구에서 동과 물추출물의 계통분획을 통해 획득된 세가지 분획물인 핵산 분획(BHHH), 클로로포름 분획(BHHC), 에틸아세테이트 분획(BHHE)들을 3T3-L1 분화과정 중에 처리한 후, Oil Red O 염색법에 의한 lipid accumulation, 지방구내 triglyceride 함량을 평가하고, free glycerol release 함량과 adipogenesis와 관련된 transcription factor들의 발현 함량을 비교하여 동과 물추출물 중 anti-adipogenesis 활성 분획물을 밝히고, 이 분획물의 작용 메커니즘을 규명하고자 하였다. 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도의 BHHC와 BHHE의 처리는 분화된 지방세포 내 지질 축척을 11%와 13%로 낮추었다. 지방세포 내 중성지방(TG)의 함량은 동일 농도의 각 분획물에서 21%와 16%로 낮게 나타났다. TG 함량의 감소와 지방구내 지질 축적의 감소, 즉 anti-adipogenesis 메커니즘을 밝히기 위해 free glycerol 분비량을 평가하였다. 동일 농도의 BHHC와 BHHE에서 각각 13%와 17% 감소되어 나타났다. BHHC와 BHHE는 세포가 분화하는 동안 $PPAR{\gamma}$, C/$EBP{\alpha}$, leptin의 mRNA 발현을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 BHHE의 경우 각 transcriptional factor들의 발현을 45%, 67%, 35%로 현저히 억제시키는 우수한 anti-adipogenetic 소재로 나타났다. 이에 BHHE는 항비만 기능성 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 초과 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화 연구를 통해 항비만 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 초과 에탄올 추출물에 의한 지방세포 분화 억제 활성 및 지방형성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 분화를 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별로 처리하였고, 그 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화를 농도에 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 이 같은 활성에 대한 작용기전을 알아보기 위해 지방세포 분화에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$)와 CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), 그리고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 유전자들의 활성을 확인해 보았다. 실험 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현을 유의적으로 감소시켰고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 adipogenesis marker 유전자들의 발현을 억제 시켰다. 따라서 초과 에탄올 추출물은 지방분화 및 adipogenesis 억제 활성을 통해 항비만 소재로의 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대한다.