• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

The relevant ministries, including the Ministry of Environment in Korea, provided Post-2020 Long-term Mitigation Target and Implementation Plan. The plan consisted of four Business As Usual (BAU) reduction levels by 14.7%, 19.2%, 25.7%, and 31.3% until 2030. The Korean government finalized the mitigation target of 37%. But all the initial alternatives were below the goal, 30% from BAU, that has been promised to the international community as well as set out in the Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth. In order to achieve a specific goal, performance management should pursue "Justify doing the right things." Otherwise, performance management would not work properly. According to Kingdon's Policy Stream Framework, abnormal alternatives are difficult to be presented as scenarios because alternative building should focus on the role of the need to adhere to the basic principles and professionals. Such a result is possible only when the policy actors does not balance themselves. Performance management statistics has been analyzed by 6 years CCPI data since 2011, taking into account the impact after enactment. This study also has been complemented by a variety of sources, including the media, documents, and artifacts during the period. As a result, raising awareness about climate change was analyzed as one of the solutions because the climate change issue affects the normal performance management throughout the life of the people to stay linked to the environment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.355-365
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• 2019

Objectives: In rural areas of Korea, where public transportation infrastructure is lacking and alternative systems are poor, the elderly experience inconveniences in using healthcare, although their need is high. This study aimed to analyze the association between the convenience of transportation and unmet healthcare needs among the rural elderly. Methods: The data used were collected in the 2016 Community Health Survey among rural elderly individuals aged 65 or older. Dependent variable was the unmet healthcare needs, explanatory variable was the convenience of transportation. The elderly were divided into 3 groups: with no driver in the household, with a driver, and the elderly individual was the driver (the self-driving group). Covariates were classified into predisposing, enabling, and need factors. They included gender, age, education, income, economic activity, household type, motor ability, subjective health level, number of chronic diseases, anxiety/depression, and pain/discomfort. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and stratification. Results: A significant association was found between the convenience of transportation and unmet healthcare needs. When examined unadjusted odds ratio of the group with a driver in the household, using the group with no driver as a reference, was 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.68), while that of the self-driving group was 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.38). The odds ratios adjusted for all factors were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.80) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.91). Conclusions: We confirmed a significant association between inconvenient transportation and unmet healthcare needs among the rural elderly even after adjustment for existing known factors. This implies that policies aimed at improving healthcare accessibility must consider the means of transportation available.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.508-518
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• 2021

Recently as a result of covid 19, it has emphasis on the importance of non-contact. VR content has been attracting attention as an alternative to visual arts, media art, new media exhibitions and performances with limited offline activities. Although interest in 360 VR video contents such as VR contents for exhibitions and performances is increasing, research on immersion and satisfaction is focused on games and animation VR contents. In this paper, it verified the effect of the difference in the position and height of the VR camera in exhibitions and performances on the user's presence and satisfaction. For this experiment, the presence and satisfaction were measured after experiencing the VR contents of the convergence exhibition and performance filmed at different locations and heights. As a result of the experiment, the difference of VR camera's position had a significant effect on presence and satisfaction, the difference of VR camera's height had a significant effect only Realistic immersion of the presence.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2021

Recently, the number of interventional procedures has increased dramatically as an alternative of invasive surgical procedure and patient radiation exposure is also increasing accordingly. In this study, we evaluated the patient dose of major interventional procedures nationwide and we established our Korean database. With these results, we tried to suggest the reference dose level for major interventional procedures. We evaluated patent dose data in the field of interventional radiology from foreign countries. Measurement of radiation dose exposure for 11 major interventional procedures was conducted using embedded DAP meters in 10,006 patients from 47 hospitals, and reference level of each interventional procedure was suggested. The DRLs of each intervenional procedure are as follows: TACE 206(Gy·cm²), AVF 12(Gy·cm²), LE intervention 43(Gy·cm²), TFCA 122(Gy·cm²), Cerebral aneurysm coil embolization 214(Gy·cm²), PTBD 22(Gy·cm²), Biliary stent 60(Gy·cm²), PCN 7(Gy·cm²), Hickman catheter 2.1(Gy·cm²), Chemoport 1.4(Gy·cm²), BAE 104(Gy·cm²). Compared with the previously established DRL in 2012, the radiation dose decreased in all 10 interventional procedures. In the future, continuous publicity and education on the radiation dose reduction will be needed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.281-285
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to make a Flipped-MOOC model which can be applied and practiced in the college course after analyzing the characteristics and cases of MOOC and Flipped learning. For this, this study implemented the following tasks. First, this study analyzed the management and class types of MOOC and flipped learning through literature research. Secondly, flipped learning was applied in the course for a semester and the strong point and weak point of the course was analyzed and the alternative was suggested. Thirdly, the core ideas and strategies of Flipped-MOOC model was deducted for enhancing the participation and interaction of the students in the course which uses the MOOC content and applies flipped learning, and the instructional strategies and direction for the effective management in the real educational field was suggested. As a result, Flipped-MOOC model is expected to contribute for the educational revolution, change and quality improvement, and it is expected that Flipped-MOOC model might contribute to the lifelong education and educational competitiveness.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.55-74
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• 2018

With the advent of multicultural society, many countries have come to the point of considering a fundamental revision or review of their previously established national identity and social constitution principles. This situation often generates conflicts and controversies between advocates of tradition and promotors of multiculturalism. In this article we will look at the case of France and Brazil and discuss how these two countries maintain, discard or fundamentally modify their traditional social integration model in the face of the multicultural challenges(racism, racial discrimination and integration/coexistence of immigrants of different cultural backgrounds), and examine the controversial aspects surrounding it. In particular, focusing our eyes on racial/ethnic statistics debates in both countries, we will try to compare the cases between that of adoption of multicultural alternative model(Brazil) and the case of rejection/retention(France) to find out some political meanings imbedded in those cases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2018

Background : There have been a variety of healthcare systems related to CAM practitioners developed in each country. However, the European cases have not been widely introduced in Korea so far. In the case of Germany, CAM practices have been developed in the frame of "Heilpraktiker" system. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the historical development and current situation of German Heilpraktiker system and its conflicting relationship with Western medical doctors, in order to utilize it as basic data for the conflict resolution between Western- and KM doctors in Korea. Methods : The historical development, current regulations and education system of Heilpraktiker were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites dealing with this issue were searched for and analyzed. Results : Heilpraktiker system was developed within German historical and cultural situation where naturopathic traditions were reilluminated in connection with modernization process of the state under the influence of romanticism formulating German nationalism. Between the concept of "Kurierverbot"(prohibition on medical treatment by non-physicians) and "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment), Heilpraktiker achieved a limited but legitimated right to conduct non-biomedical treatments from the state in the process of the formulation of modern German medical system. In this process, the conflicts between medical doctors and heilpraktikers have been also growing up to now. Conclusions : Heilpraktiker system, officially recognized with the legislation of Heilpraktiker law in 1939, stands at a crossroads between the continual development through strengthening its professionality, and abolition of the system due to its lack of quality control and medical evidence mostly argued by Western medical doctors, which has considerable implications for Korean situations in terms of the conflicting relationship between KM- and Western medical doctors. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss the debates on the concept "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment) developed within German tradition of medical pluralism.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the development of the arbitration system, such as the establishment of the arbitration industry and expanding the scope of arbitration fields. The solution method of arbitration differs greatly from that of the court's trial process. This can be seen in the way of autonomous conflict resolution. Therefore, the role of arbitrator is a very important function. In this sense, it seems necessary to establish a professional arbitrator system. Now the Arbitration Promotion Act has been enacted and interest in the arbitration industry is also rising. It is necessary to deal effectively with new incidents according to changes in the legal environment internationally. In order to do this, it is imperative to train professional arbitrators. A training plan for arbitration manager to assist this is now under consideration. The coming of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technology will simply stop the uniform way of determining winners by lawsuits. Even in new companies entering new markets as well as overseas companies, assistance from arbitration experts is indispensable in order to effectively deal with international trade disputes that will develop in the future. In addition to fostering the arbitration industry, it is necessary to train experts in domestic and foreign arbitration and arbitration practitioners to provide high-quality legal services. For these human resource development measures, we will explore the subject and procedural methods. The Arbitrators Association should concentrate on these matters and be cautious when focusing on the training of arbitrators and arbitration managers through the selection process. The Arbitrators Association must strengthen the level of new education (designation / consignment). Measures must be taken in order to grant such procedures as well as subsequent steps.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

Lichens are generally known as self-sufficient, symbiotic life-forms between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria, and they also provide shelter for a wide range of beneficial bacteria. Currently, bacterial-derived biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is grabbing the attention of many researchers as a promising alternative to non-degradable plastics. This study was conducted to develop a new method of PHA production using unexplored lichen-associated bacteria, which can simultaneously degrade two ubiquitous industrial toxins, anthracene and naphthalene. Here, 49 lichen-associated bacteria were isolated and tested for PHA synthesis. During the GC-MS analysis, a potential strain of EL19 was found to be a 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3-HHx) accumulator and identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequencing. GC analysis revealed that EL19 was capable of accumulating 30.62% and 19.63% of 3-HHx from naphthalene and anthracene, respectively, resulting in significant degradation of 98% and 96% of naphthalene and anthracene, respectively, within seven days. Moreover, the highly expressed phaC gene verified the genetic basis of $PHA_{mcl}$ production under nitrogen starvation conditions. Thus, this study strongly supports the hypothesis that lichen-associated bacteria can detoxify naphthalene and anthracene, store energy for extreme conditions, and probably help the associated lichen to live in extreme conditions. So far, this is the first investigation of lichen-associated bacteria that might utilize harmful toxins as feasible supplements and convert anthracene and naphthalene into eco-friendly 3-HHx. Implementation of the developed method would reduce the production cost of $PHA_{mcl}$ while removing harmful waste products from the environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.457-465
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• 2019

This study was designed to develop a positive behavior support model for children in child care institutions. For this purpose, a demand survey for PBS was conducted with 55 child care institution staff members. 76% of the respondents responded that PBS is needed to prevent problem behavior and can be a good alternative for personality education, and approximately 70% responded that they are willing to implement PBS. The specifications of the model are suggested as follows. First, the preparation step would consist of establishing a support team, educating staff members about PBS, selecting expected behaviors, assessing the current baseline behavior, and setting up a universal PBS environment. The application step would consist of instructing social skills, implementing reinforcement, personal goal-setting and assessing behavior, educating trouble-making students, and monitoring. Finally, at the outcome assessment period, measuring the change in target behavior from the pre-intervention to the post-intervention stage, change in social skills and academic achievement, and social validity is suggested. It is expected that application of this model to children in child care institution will decrease problem behaviors of students, enhance desirable behaviors, and boost the staff members' efficacy.