• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2021

Food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis are important health problems. Several cofactors modulating the onset of anaphylaxis have been identified. In the presence of cofactors, allergic reactions may be induced at lower doses of food allergens and/or become severe. Exercise and concomitant infections are well-documented cofactors of anaphylaxis in children. Other factors such as consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol ingestion, and stress have been reported. Cofactors reportedly play a role in approximately 30% of anaphylactic reactions in adults and 14%-18.3% in children. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is the best-studied model of cofactor-induced anaphylaxis. Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, the most common FDEIA condition, has been studied the most. The mechanisms of action of cofactors have not yet been fully identified. This review aims to educate clinicians on recent developments in the role of cofactors and highlight the importance of recognizing cofactors in food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2019

Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous air pollutant that is a growing public health concern. Previous studies have suggested that PM is associated with asthma development and exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Although several studies have suggested increased risks of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization in relation to PM exposure, the evidence remains inconsistent. The plausible mechanisms underlying these effects are related to oxidative stress, enhancement of sensitization to allergens, inflammatory and immunological responses, and epigenetics. This review discusses the effect of PM on childhood allergic diseases, along with plausible mechanisms. Further studies are required to understand the role of PM exposure on childhood allergic diseases, to reduce these diseases in children.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Allergy is conditions when a hypersensitivity reaction happens with a certain element, called as an allergen, which is commonly not reactive to ordinary individuals. Allergic diseases involve various organs or systems in the body. The purpose of allergy tests is to make a diagnosis of allergic diseases and to identify the affecting allergens. In vivo tests, more relevant in clinical situation, include skin test, patch test and provocation test. In in vitro tests, there are specific IgE test, histamine releasing assay, and lymphocyte activation test, safer and more objective than in vivo tests. In the view point of clinical practice, skin test, provocation test, total IgE test and specific IgE test were reviewed in depth.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권12호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2020

Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E-mediated immediate allergic reaction caused by cross-reactivity between pollen and the antigens of foods-such as fruits, vegetables, or nuts-in patients with pollen allergy. A 42.7% prevalence of PFAS in Korean pediatric patients with pollinosis was recently reported. PFAS is often called oral allergy syndrome because of mild symptoms such as itching, urticaria, and edema mainly in the lips, mouth, and pharynx that appear after food ingestion. However, reports of systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis have been increasing recently. This diversity in the degree of symptoms is related to the types of trigger foods and the characteristics of allergens, such as heat stability. When pediatric patients with pollen allergy are treated, attention should be paid to PFAS and an active effort should be made to diagnose it.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2022

Food allergy is one of the adverse food reactions, which is developed by immunological reactions. Food allergy is increasing in prevalence among children and adults. In the diagnosis, food challenge is confirmative with history and laboratory tests. Avoidance of culprit food is the only preventive method, especially in patients with severe symptoms. In some food allergies, cross-reactivity among allergens should be considered. Latex-fruit/vegetable syndrome and pollen food allergy syndrome are well-understood phenotypes of food allergy related to cross reaction. Red meat allergy is recently described as one of tick-borne diseases. In a rare phenotype of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, factors affecting the absorption of food allergen are important in its pathophysiology.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in numerous cellular physiological processes. In the skin, NO is produced by keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells and is involved in skin functions such as vasodilation, pigmentation, hair growth, wound healing, and immune responses. NO modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. As a signaling molecule and cytotoxic effector, NO influences the function of immune cells and production of cytokines. NO is a key mediator that protects against or contributes to skin inflammation. Moreover, NO has been implicated in skin sensitization, a process underlying contact dermatitis. It modulates the function of dendritic cells and T cells, thereby affecting the immune response to allergens. NO also plays a role in contact dermatitis by inducing inflammation and tissue damage. NO-related chemicals, such as nitrofatty acids and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, have potential therapeutic applications in skin conditions, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Further research is required to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of NO-related chemicals and develop personalized treatment strategies for skin conditions.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12.1-12.13
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• 2022

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is presumed to modulate the natural course of allergic disease by inducing immune tolerance. However, conventional AITs, such as subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, require long treatment durations and often provoke local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, only <5% of allergy patients receive AIT as second-line therapy. Novel administration routes, such as intralymphatic, intradermal and epicutaneous immunotherapies, and synthetic recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated to overcome these limitations. We will review the updated views of diverse AIT methods, and discuss the limitations and opportunities of the AITs for the treatment of allergic diseases in humans.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 경남지역의 제과제빵 종사자들의 식품 알레르기에 대한 인식수준을 조사하고 이것을 바탕으로 식품 알레르기 인식 개선 및 관리방안을 모색하는데 있다. 경남지역의 제과협회에 등록된 업체 대표자 및 종사자를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였으며 설문지는 식품 알레르기와 제과제빵의 연관성, 개발 시 식품 알레르기 고려 여부, 식품 알레르겐 다량 함유 여부, 유발 원인 및 알레르기 증상에 대한 차이를 확인하기 위해 작성 되었다. 102개 업체에 설문지를 배포하였고 그 중 67.7%(69개/102개) 업체로부터 설문지가 회수 되어 통계 분석에 사용하였고 수집 된 69개의 설문결과에 따르면 식품 알레르기에 대하여 알거나 들은 경험이 있는 제과제빵 종사자는 87%(60명/69명)으로 대부분 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 일부 13%(9명/69명)의 종사자가 경험이 없다고 답하였다. 그러나 제조과정 중 식품 알레르기를 '고려한다' 73.9%(51명/69명) 수준으로 응답했지만 식품 알레르겐과 식품 알레르기 증상을 관리하는 방법에 대해서 대부분 알지못했다. 제과제빵 종사자들을 위한 식품 알레르기교육 참가 여부에 대해 '매우 그렇다' 30.4%(21명/69명), '그렇다' 40.6%(28명/69명)로 교육의 필요성에 대한 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 설문조사 결과는 종사자 간의 차이는 있었지만 현재 경남지역의 제과제빵 종사자들이 식품 알레르기에 대한 인식과 그 관리 방안에 대한 교육이 미흡하다는 것을 의미하고, 적절한 관리를 위해 제과제빵 종사자들을 위한 식품 알레르기에 대한 전반적인 교육프로그램이 필요한 것으로 확인하였다. 특히 제과제빵 종사자들에게 제품 제조과정에서 식품 알레르기를 유발하는 알레르겐을 관리하는 방법에 대한 교육이나 실제 매장의 갑작스러운 식품 알레르기사고와 응급처치 등의 지침과 같은 교육 및 지원이 필요한 것으로 보여진다. 이상의 결과는 경남지역에 종사하는 제과제빵 종사자에 대한 식품 알레르기 인식도 조사이지만 국내 제과제빵 분야에 종사하는 인력들에 대한 식품 알레르기 인식도 관련 기초 자료로써 활용이 가능할 것이라 판단된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2017

Der p 1과 Der p 2는 알레르기 질환과 관련된 집먼지 진드기의 핵심적인 알러젠이다. 본 연구에서는 Der p 1과 Der p 2가 단구에서 S100A8과 S10A9을 분비시키는지를 확인하였고, 분비된 S100A8과 S10A9이 호중구의 세포고사 조절기전에 작용하는지를 연구하였다. Der p 1과 Der p 2는 정상인의 단구에서 S100A8과 S10A9을 유의하게 증가시켰고, S100A8과 S10A9은 정상인과 알레르기 질환 호중구의 자발적 세포고사를 억제 시켰다. 호중구의 Lyn, Akt, ERK는 S100A8과 S10A9을 시간별로 처리하였을 때 활성화하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 단구와 호중구에서 Der p 1과 Der p 2의 역할을 규명하였고, 나아가 관련된 알레르기 병인기전을 이해하는데 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1992

1) 천식의 초기 발병 호발 연령은 5세 미만이었고 남아에서 여아보다 2.9배가 더 많았다. 2) 천식의 계절별 발생 빈도는 가을철에 많았고 특히 9월에 가장 많이 발생하였다. 3) 과거력상 다른 알레르기성 질환을 경험한 경우는 환아의 22.4%였고, 영유아시 모세기관지염을 앓은 환아는 12.7%였다. 4) RAST 검사중 가장 많은 양성을 보인 것은 진드기와 집먼지 순이었다. 5) 천식 환아에서 호산구 증다증을 보인 경우는 29.1%였고, 혈청 IgE 치가 200 $IU/m{\ell}$ 이상으로 증가된 경우는 63.2%였다. 6) 천식 환아에서 남녀간의 구분에 따른 혈청 IgE 치의 차이나 다른 알레르기성 질환의 동반 유무에 따른 혈청 IgE 치의 차이는 없었다. 7) 천식 환아에서 연령별로 조사한 혈청 IgE 치는 학동기 연령군($1139.9{\pm}470.2IU/m{\ell}$)이 학동기 전 연령군($361.6{\pm}470.2IU/m{\ell}$)에 비해 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.01).