• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.297-300
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• 2006

The response surface modeling of the pretilt angle control using ion-beam (IB) alignment on nitrogen doped diamond-like carbon (NDLC) thin film layer is investigated. This modeling is used to analyze the variation of the pretilt angle under various process conditions. IB exposure angle and IB exposure time are considered as input factors. The analysis of variance technique is settled to analyze the statistical significance, and effect plots are also investigated to examine the relationships between the process parameters and the response. The model can allow us to reliably predict the pretilt angle with respect to the varying process conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.198-201
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• 1997

We investigated the generation of pretilt angle for nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in a cell with slanted non-polarized ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on mixtured polyimide (PI) surfaces. It was found that the monodomain alignment of NLC is obtained in a cell with an angle of incidence of 75∼85 degrees on PI surface. We consider that the monodomain alignment of NLC is attributed to anisotropic dispersion force effect due to photo-depolymerization of polymer on Pl surfaces. We successfully observed that the pretilt angle of NLC is generated above 5 degree with an angle of incidence of 75∼85 degree. It is considered that the pretilt angle generation in NLC is attributed to interaction between the LC molecules and the Polymer surfaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.136-139
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• 2003

We studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) aligning capabilities using the new alignment material of a-C:H thin film as working gas at 30W rf bias condition. A high pretilt angle of about $5^{\circ}$ by ion beam(IB) exposure on the a-C:H thin film surface was measured. A good LC alignment by the IB alignment method on the a-C:H thin film surface was observed at annealing temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, and the alignment defect of the NLC was observed above annealing temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the high LC pretilt angle and the good thermal stability of LC alignment by the IB alignment method on the a-C:H thin film surface as working gas at 30W rf bias condition can be achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2004

We studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) aligning capabilities using the new alignment material of a Carbon Nitride (NDLC) thin film. NDLC thin film exhibits high electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity that are similar to the properties shown by diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films. The diamond-like properties and nondiamond-like bonding make NDLC an attractive candidate for applications. A high pretilt angle of about $9.9^{\circ}$ by ion beam (IB) exposure on the NDLC thin film surface was measured. A good LC alignment is achieved by the IB alignment method on the NDLC thin film surface at annealing temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The alignment defect of the NLC was observed above annealing temperature of $250^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the high pretilt angle and the good LC alignment by the IB alignment method on the NDLC thin film surface can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide basic clinical data by analyzing the impact of motion observation training and stretching exercises for improving postures on the neck alignment and balance of stroke patients to enable them to accurately recognize the correct exercise method. METHODS: After sampling 20 stroke patients who met the selection criteria, this study randomly assigned 10 people who were administered the stretching exercise with observation training to the experimental group and 10 who received only the stretching exercise intervention to the control group by drawing lots. Next, neck alignment and balance were pre-tested. All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and when all the interventions were completed after 4 weeks, neck alignment and balance were re-measured in the same way as the pre-test. RESULTS: The comparison of changes in neck alignment and balance within the experimental and control groups showed statistically significant differences in the craniovertebral angle, cranial rotation angle, and balance (p < .05) (p < .01). Between the groups, statistically significant differences were found in the craniovertebral angle, cranial rotation angle, and balance (p < .05) (p < .01). CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference in neck alignment and balance was observed in the group that underwent stretching exercises combined with observational training and a statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Therefore, it is believed that observation training should be used in clinical practice to improve forward head posture and restore balance in stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 1999

Effect of alignment layers on pretilt angle generation and electrical characteristics in nematic liquid crystal(NLC) by using photo-alignment techniques on polyimide (PI) surface with side chain were studied. The generated pretilt angle of the NLC on rubbed PI surface with 1-layer is almost the same as that of the 2-layers. However, the generated pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface with 2-layers is larger than that of the 1-layer. Therefore, the pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface is attributed to surface roughness due to photo-depolymerization of the polymer with UV light irradiation on PI surface. Next we observed the same characteristics of voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time for 1- and 2-layers on PI surface. We also observed the same voltage holding ratio (VHR) characteristics for 1- and 2-layers on photo-aligned PI surface. Consequently, we suggest that the VHR of photo-aligned TN-LCD is higher than that of the rubbing-aligned TN-LCD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.430-437
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-dimensional posture correction(3DPC) exercise program incorporating PNF respiratory muscle strengthening(RMS) exercise on spinal alignment and trunk expansion in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the difference in intervention effect by type of idiopathic scoliosis. Design: Comparative study using paired t-test and analysis of variance measures. Methods: The subjects of this study were 5 men and 24 women diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis with a Cobb angle greater than 10 degrees and less than 45 degrees. A 3DPC exercise program incorporating PNF RMS exercise was conducted twice a week for 1 hour per session for 6 weeks, and Cobb angle, Angle of trunk rotation, and trunk expansion were measured before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, Cobb angle and trunk rotation angle showed a statistically significant decrease, and trunk expansion showed a statistically significant increase. In the effect difference by type, there was a statistically significant difference in the angle of trunk rotation of the thoracic in 3C and Single Lumbar. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is thought that a 3DPC exercise program incorporating PNF RMS exercise can be effectively used in clinical practice to improve spinal alignment and trunk expansion in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to prove the effects of the Schroth exercise on sagittal postural alignment to the visually impaired students. Methods: The subjects were 8 students who attend the special school in Daegu and performed the Schroth exercise 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Craniovertebral angle and pelvic alignment were measured to compare the effects of the exercise. Results: Craniovertebral angle and pelvic alignment on sagittal plane showed significant differences (p<.05). Conclusions: Schroth exercise was effective to improve postural alignment of sagittal plane to the visually impaired students and these results will have a positive impact on future study of improvement of postural alignment on sagittal plane to the visually impaired students.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 1998

In this paper, we obtained the monodomain alignment of nematic liquid Crystal(NLC) in the cell fabricated by transcription alignment method on polyimide(PI) surface with side chain. It is considered that the LC alignment produced by the transcription alignment method is attributed to a memory effect of the NLC on PI surfaces. Also we observed that the generated pretilt angle of NLC is about $3.7^{\circ}$ with transcription alignment on PI surface. Next, we measured that the voltage-transmittance characteristics of transcription-aligned TN-LCD are almost same compared to rubbing-aligned TN-LCD. Also, we measured that the curve of transcription-aligned TN-LCD is less sharp than that of the rubbing-aligend TN-LCD in the decay time characteristics. It is considered that the response time characteristics of transcription-aligned TN-LCD are attributed to the weak anchoring strength between the LC molecules and the polymer surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.449-450
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• 2005

Alignment characteristic of liquid crystal (LC) on in-cell retarder which is composed of reactive mesogens has been tested. The in-cell retarder which is polymerized on top of the homogeneous alignment layer (AL) has an optic axis along the rubbing direction of the homeogenous AL and does show good alignment effect of the LC without showing any defects, which possibly allows a skip of another AL on the in-cell retarder that was required conventionally to control alignment of the LC. However, the measured pretilt angle is only 0.04 degree so that disclination lines are generated for a cell that uses the in-cell retarder as an AL when the LC is tilted upward by a vertical electric field.