• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2005

The nano-grained Pd or Pt-doped $SnO_{2}$ thin films were deposited on the alumina substrate at ambient temperature or $300^{\circ}C$ by using an R.F. magnetron sputtering system and then annealed at $650^{\cir}C$ for 1 hour or 4 hours in air. The crystallinity and microstructure of the annealed films were analyzed. A grain size of the thin films was 30 nm to 50 nm. As a result of gas sensitivity measurements to an alcohol vapor of $36^{\circ}C$, the 2 wt.% Pt-doped $SnO_{2}$ thin-film sensor deposited at $300^{\circ}C$ and annealed at $650^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours showed the highest sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.220-223
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• 2005

The purposes of this study was to develop the best one among the methods using dry heat, gamma irradiation and alcohol gas, to sterilize Scutellariae Radix selected based on high frequency of circulation between merchants and high susceptibility to microbial contamination, through comparing these methods in terms of the followings; ⅰ) the efficacy of sterilization in comparison with cost, and ⅱ)the alteration of chemical components of these herbal medicines. The results of this study will be taken advantage of establishment of the maximum limit of microorganism contaminated in herbal medicines. From the results of this study we conclude the followings: ⅰ) The sterilizing method using dry heat may be inappropriate, because it seriously changed their color and morphology which is an essential criterion to estimate a measure of quality between merchants and consumers, although it effectively got rid of contaminated microorganism and did not alter major components, baicalin; ⅱ) The sterilizing method using gamma irradiation may be appropriate, because it showed a strong sterilizing effect, and no alteration of chemical components, color and morphology; ⅲ)The sterilizing method using alcohol gas may also be appropriate, because it had a similar effects as in the case of gamma irradiation. Collectively, we suggest that appropriate sterilizing methods to guarantee the microbial quality of this herbal medicine may be those using gamma irradiation and alcohol gas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

For the safe handling of isopropyl alcohol, the explosion limits were investigated. The lower flash points, upper flash points, fire point, and AITs(autoignition temperatures) by ignition time delay for isopropyl alcohol were experimented. By using literature data, the lower and upper explosion limits of isopropyl alcohol were recommended as 2.0 and 12.0 vol%, respectively. The lower flash points of isopropyl alcohol were experimented $12{\sim}14^{\circ}C$ by using closed-cup tester and $18{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ by using open cup tester. And the upper flash points of isopropyl alcohol was experimented $38^{\circ}C$ by using Setaflash closed-cup tester. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus was $463^{\circ}C$.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.184-188
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• 2012

Alcohol components are illegally mixed with petroleum products for tax evasion purposes, but this degrades vehicle performance. The alcohol content in petroleum fuel can be analyzed by gas chromatography. However, this technique requires a long analysis time and is expensive. $CrO_3$, also known as Jones reagent, changes color upon reaction with an alcohol. In this study, therefore, we analyze alcohol contents in vehicle fuel by using $CrO_3$ aqueous solution.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2003

In this work, we fabricated a gas-sensing device based on porous silicon(PS), and its I-V and C-V properties were investigated for sensing alcohol vapor. The structure of the sensor consists of thin Au/Oxidized porous silicon/porous silicon/Silicon/Al, where the silicon substrate is etched anisotropically to be prepared into a membrane shape. As the result, I-V curves showed typical tunneling property, and C-V curves were shaped like those of a MIS (metal-insulator- semiconductor) capacitor, where the capacitance in accumulation was increased with alcohol vapor concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.391-394
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• 1993

For the automation of Tackjoo fermentation, a sensor measurable gas production during brewing and a controller were built. The performance tests were carried out at 10 litter Tackjoo fermentor, The sensor was consisted of a transparent acryl cell for bubble formation and photo-interrupter for the detection of bubbles of 0.018ml size. The fermentation controller was fabricated with a single chip microcomputer (MC68705R3) and provided with both the monitoring module of temperature measurement and the valve controling device for the cooling water circulation in coil type heat exchanger. The operation programs were developed and systemized in ROM. With this computer system, the gas production amount and rate were acquired during the Tackjoo fermentation. The fermentation curve based on the gas production rate showed a good agreement with that of alcohol concentration. The maximum rate of gas production was found after 24 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. The correlation equation between the gas production and alcohol concentration was established and used as the control algorithm of the fermentation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1997

The purpose of this work was to investigate pharmacokinetics of alcohol as a function of dose and time of administration of ethanol. The pharmacokinetics of alcohol 15 min after and before oral administration of aspartate-containing compositions to rats were also evaluated. The retention time of acetaldehyde, alcohol and isopropyl alcohol an internal standard in gas chromatogram was 3.6, 6.0 and 10.5 min, respectively. The maximum concentration of alcohol $(C_{max})$ and area under the blood concentration (AUC) were significanly increased as a function of ethanol dose in a nonlinear fashion. The significant diurnal variation of alcohol pharmacokinetics was also noted, showing fast metabolism and elimination when given orally in the night time. When APAP was given after administration alcohol (1g/kg) to rats, AUC and $C_{max}$ were increased when compared to alcohol only. However, AUC and $C_{max}$ were decreased when aspartate or standard complex compositions containing aceaminophen (APAP, 250mg). sodium L-aspartate(25 mg), dl-methionine (125 mg) and anhydrous caffeine (25 mg) was orally given by coupling malate/asparate shuttle in hepatocyte. The blood alcohol concentration profiles between aspartate and standard complex compositions were similar when given before or after administration alcohol (1g/kg) to rats. No significant difference of administration sequence was observed. However, it was noted that AUC and $C_{max}$ of standard complex compositions given before alcohol administration were significantly lower when compared with alcohol only. Based on these findings, dose, time of administration and composition of drugs to improve alcohol metabolism and elimination were considered to be important in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol. The administration sequence of drug compositions and alcohol might be also considerd.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.583-592
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• 2023

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs. Due to its addictive characteristics, many people struggle with the side effects of alcohol. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used to treat various health problems. However, the effects and mechanisms of KRG in alcohol-induced responses remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced responses. Methods: We investigated two aspects: alcohol-induced addictive responses and spatial working memory impairments. To determine the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced addictive responses, we performed conditioned place preference tests and withdrawal symptom observations. To assess the effects of KRG in alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairment, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed using mice after repeated alcohol and KRG exposure. To investigate the potential mechanism of KRG activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were performed. Results: KRG-treated mice showed dose-dependent restoration of impaired spatial working memory following repeated alcohol exposure. Furthermore, withdrawal symptoms to alcohol were reduced in mice treated with KRG and alcohol. The PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated after alcohol administration, which was reduced by KRG. However, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were increased by alcohol and decreased by KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, KRG may alleviate alcohol-induced spatial working memory impairments and addictive responses through anti-neuroinflammatory activity rather than through the PKA-CREB signaling pathway.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.592-596
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• 2009

DAFC(direct alcohol fuel cell) takes the same structure and operational principle with PEMFC(Proton exchange membrane fuel cell). However, DAFC, which uses liquid alcohol instead of hydrogen as fuel, is able to be used as a portable power for small-scaled electronic devices such as MP3, PMP, and mobile phone because alcohol is quite convenient steady-state compound to carry and store it. This paper presents the OCV(open circuit voltage) characteristics of the cases which are alcohol species and different weight rate of ethanol, respectively. The OCV of methanol fuel cell is slightly higher 0.2V than ethanol one, and 8% wt. rate ethanol is rated as the most appropriate fuel for DAFC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.12S
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2003

In this work, we fabricated a gas-sensing device based on porous silicon(PS), and its C-V properties were investigated for sensing alcohol vapor. The structure of the sensor consists of thin Au/oxidized PS/PS/P-Si/Al, where the p-Si is etched anisotropically to be prepared into a membrane-shape. We used alcohol gases vaporized from different alcohol (or ethanol) solutions mixed with pure water at 36$^{\circ}C$, similarly with an alcohol breath measurement to check drunk driving. As the result, I-V curves showed typical tunneling property, and C-V curves were shaped like those of a MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) capacitor, where the capacitance in accumulation was increased with alcohol vapor concentration.