• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1053-1060
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• 2019

Thermal drying is a common process used in the food industry for the modification of agricultural products. However, while various studies have investigated the alteration in physiochemical properties and chemical composition after drying, research focusing on the relationship between different dehydration conditions and bioactivity is scarce. In the current study, we prepared dried ginger under nine different conditions by varying the processing time and temperature and compared their immunomodulatory effects. Interestingly, depending on the drying condition, there were significant differences in the immunestimulating activity of the dried ginger samples. Gingers processed at $50^{\circ}C$ 1h displayed the strongest activation of macrophages measured by $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, whereas, freezedried or $70^{\circ}C$- and $90^{\circ}C$-dried ginger showed little effect. Similar results were recapitulated in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, further confirming that different dehydration conditions can cause significant differences in the immune-stimulating activity of ginger. Induction of ERK, p38, and JNK signaling was found to be the major underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the immunomodulatory effect of ginger. These results highlight the potential to improve the bioactivity of functional foods by selectively controlling processing conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3740-3746
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• 2010

Jeju soybean industry is not competitive in areas of food-safety, quality, price, and bargaining power. Also, the processing products of soybean are simply-processed product. They are short of diversified product. The size of processing company is very small. The purpose of this study is to review and suggest programs for the construction and management of a network among farmhouseholds, agricultural cooperatives, manufacturing companies, related research institutes, and the local government, which are integrated vertically, horizontally and systematically. Jeju soybean cluster consists of production system, research & development system, industrial-support system, practical technology-support system, and center of operation. This system will help farmers get stable sales market & income. Also, It will help farmers produce the production of environment-friendly agricultural raw products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.2190-2198
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• 2017

Thermoactinomyces sp. strain YT06 was isolated from poultry compost and observed to degrade integral chicken feathers completely at $60^{\circ}C$, resulting in the formation of 3.24 mg/ml of free amino acids from 50 ml of culture containing 10 g/l chicken feathers. Strain YT06 could grow and secrete keratinase using feather as the only carbon and nitrogen sources without other supplement, but complementation of 10 g/l sucrose and 4 g/l $NaNO_3$ increased the production of the keratinolytic enzyme. The maximum protease activity obtained was 110 U/ml and for keratinase was 42 U/ml. The keratinase maintained active status over a broad pH (pH 8-11) and temperature ($60-75^{\circ}C$). It was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors and most metal ions; however, it could be stimulated by $Mn^{2+}$ and the surfactant Tween-20. A reductive agent (${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol) was observed to cleave the disulfide bond of keratin and improve the access of the enzyme to the keratinaceous substrate. Zymogram analysis showed that strain YT06 primarily secreted keratinase with a molecular mass of approximately 35 kDa. The active band was assessed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and was observed to be completely identical to an alkaline serine protease from Thermoactinomyces sp. Gus2-1. Thermoactinomyces sp. strain YT06 shows great potential as a novel candidate in enzymatic processing of hard-to-degrade proteins into high-value products, such as keratinous wastes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-124
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• 2009

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate issues and performance of development projects of Gurye Banggwang villages' key projects, especially directly or indirectly related to resident income augmentation. The agricultural products processing factory, the valley resting, the urban and rural exchange center, and the village festival have been closely selected as directly or indirectly related to the resident income. Analysis of survey of resident and two agriculture unions' members led the performance and problem of Banggwang villages' development projects. The income project has the difficulties of recruiting members, lack of professionalism of people in production and marketing of processed products, and conflict between members etc. For this reason, income projects being adopted as the comprehensive rural village development project is often negative. Compare to the other cases, Banggwang village has more reflection of the income project, and has lot of interest by policy makers whether it be pursued successfully. It is too early to evaluate a performance properly because it is the beginning of income projects and the experience are not yet being sufficient. However, the performance is appearing gradually from various sides. For example, dividend of business profits, employment opportunities and sales of agricultural products are developing increasingly. Income projects have strengthens the residents' participation and interest in comprehensive rural village development project and with securing stable funding it will help to maintain the facilities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.881-890
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• 2019

Objective: A study was conducted to develop non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics using egg white, egg yolk, soy protein and their combinations, and their nutrient content, shelf-life and flavor acceptability were compared. Methods: Spray dried egg white, egg yolk, and soy protein isolate were purchased from manufacturers and used for the formulae. Results: The protein contents of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics were about 8.5% as calculated. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid content increased as the amount of yolk increased in the formula, but the increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids were <0.5% of total fat. Addition of egg yolk to the formula increased choline and lutein content in the products, but the amounts were <0.4 mg/g for choline and $4{\mu}g/g$ for lutein. The lutein in the products continued to decrease over the storage time, and only about 15% to 20% of the 0-month amounts were left after 3 months of storage. Although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of the spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as storage time increased, the values were still low. Yellowness, darkness, and egg flavor/odor of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as the amount of egg yolk in the formula increased. The overall acceptability of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics was closely related to the intensity of egg flavor/odor, but storage improved their overall acceptance because most of the off-odor volatiles disappeared during the storage. Water temperature was the most important parameter in dissolving spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics, and $55^{\circ}C$ to $75^{\circ}C$ was the optimal water temperature conditions to dissolve them. Conclusion: Higher amounts of yolk and soy protein combinations in place of egg white reduced the cost of the products significantly and those products contained better and balanced nutrients than the commercial coffee creamers. However, off-flavor and solubility were two important issues in the products.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2013

Purpose: Methods for non-destructive estimation of product quality have been reported in various industrial fields, but the application of ultrasonic techniques for the agricultural products of potatoes, pears, apples, watermelons, kiwis and tomatoes etc. have been rarely reported since the application of a contact-type ultrasonic transducer in agricultural products is very difficult. Therefore, this study sought to determine the firmness of apples using non-contact ultrasonic techniques. Methods: For this experiment, an ultrasonic experimental tester using a non-contact ultrasonic transducer was created, and a signal processing program was used to analyze the acquired ultrasonic reflected signal. Also, a universal testing machine was used to measure firmness parameters of the apples such as bioyield strength, a firmness factor, after the ultrasonic tests had been performed. Results: Six distance correction factors were calculated to obtain consistent values of ultrasonic properties regardless of the distance between the transducer and the surface of the subject. We developed prediction models of the bioyield strength using the distance correction factors. Conclusions: The optimum prediction model of the bioyield strength of apples using a non-contact ultrasonic technique was a multiple regression model ($R^2=0.9402$).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.463-481
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• 2009

Regional Agricultural Cluster(RAC) at Asan area has been formed with Purundeul farming union corporation(Purundeul) as the center from the year 2005. Originally, RAC has been proceeded by Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MFAFF) all over the nation from 2005. This RAC has helped Asan area to establish the foundation of environmentally friendly agriculture(EFA) searching for nutritional cycle. This also made jumping age turn developing age in EFA at Asan area. The number of Purundeul producer members was 386 farmers in 2008. Purundeul introduced organic livestock farming(Korean beef cattle; Hanwoo) for proceeding EFA searching for nutritional cycle in 2007, and had 719 cattle at the end of March 2009. Feedstuff materials for organic livestock is mostly produced from seeding farming by-products within Asan or the country. Asan RAC had built factories for feedstuff producing and beef processing with producers' investment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition and the perception for succession and development on Ge-Geol radish that has been grown in Icheon area. A total of 385 (male 118, female 267) aged over 20 years who lived in Icheon area were investigated from May to June 2006. Seventy five percent of the total subjects were recognized Ge-Geol radish, and only the 40.8% of them were recognized as regional special agriproduct exactly. And the rate of the subjects who had experience to eat Ge-Geol radish was just 40.8%. While preferences on Ge-Geol radish were relatively high among the subjects who have experience to eat. Reasons for liking were 'distinctive (43.8%)', 'eat from a child (24.5%)', 'tasty (15.1%)', and 'nutritious(8.3%)'. Reasons for disliking were 'rough texture (54.8%)', 'tasteless (9.7%)', 'unique smell (9.7%)', 'undesirable color (6.5%)', and 'indistinctive (6.5%)'. Also, most of the subjects considered the need for the succession and the development of Ge-Geol radish. Therefore, for expanding utilization of Ge-Geol radish, it should be contacted easily from a child and be developed as products suited to the consumer's needs by various cooking and processing methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1533-1543
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• 2020

Plant-based meat analogues, edible insects, and cultured meat are promising major meat alternatives that can be used as protein sources in the future. It is also believed that the importance of meat alternatives will continue to increase because of concerns on limited sustainability of the traditional meat production system. The meat alternatives are expected to have different roles based on their different benefits and limitations. Plant-based meat analogues and edible insects can replace traditional meat as a good protein source from the perspective of nutritional value. Furthermore, plant-based meat can be made available to a wide range of consumers (e.g., as vegetarian or halal food products). However, despite ongoing technical developments, their palatability, including appearance, flavor, and texture, is still different from the consumers' standard established from livestock-based traditional meat. Meanwhile, cultured meat is the only method to produce actual animal muscle-based meat; therefore, the final product is more meat-like compared to other meat analogues. However, technical difficulties, especially in mass production and cost, remain before it can be commercialized. Nevertheless, these meat alternatives can be a part of our future protein sources while maintaining a complementary relationship with traditional meat.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

Cooling air-conditioning of APC (Agricultural Products processing Center) workplace is important to improve the working environment in the summer season. As existing cooling systems for air-conditioning of whole workplace are inefficient because of their high equipment operating costs, relatively inexpensive cooling system is required. The objectives of this study were to simulate the thermal flow fields in APC workplace having the positive and negative pressure type fan and pad systems and spot cooling system by using CFD software (FLUENT, 6.2) and estimate the cooling effectiveness of respective cooling systems. The results showed that the negative pressure type fan and pad system was inappropriate for the present APC workplace because of excessive outside air influx from open gateway and the positive pressure type fan and pad system created relatively low temperature field but non-uniform velocity field at worker positions. The spot cooling system could supply cool air to worker positions with relatively constant air velocity and temperature.