• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to propose a necessity of alternative certification for low-pesticide agricultural products (LPAP). For this, we conduct a survey consumer and distributor. Most of consumer does not aware an abolition of LPAP. After abolition, they will purchase pesticide-free, organic, conventional, GAP certificated in order. Both consumer and distributor need an alternative certification of LPAP and have willingness-to-purchase. However, it is necessary to make up for the reliability and objectivity on the alternative and to manage a poor certification. The results of this study is meaningful to distribution and consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in agricultural products collected in wholesale markets and big retailers in Gwangju, in 2004. A total of 751 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Vegetables and fruits accounted for the largest proportion of the commodities analyzed and those two commodity groups comprised 604 $(80\%)\;and\;83\;(11\%)$ of the total number of 751 samples. Of these 751 samples, 112 samples $(14.9\%)$ had pesticide residues and 29 samples $(3.9\%)$ had violative residues. The detection rate was the highest $25\%$ in January and the lowest $9.5\%$ in June. The violation rate was the highest $7.0\%$ in March and the lowest $0\%$ in April. The violation rate in wholesale products was higher than that in big retailer products, $5.8\%$ verses $3.5\%$. And of 112 samples with pesticide residues, the agricultural product in which the pesticide residues were the most flequently detected was perilla leaf $(17.9\%)$ followed by korean lettuce $(16.1\%)$, spinach $(8.0\%)$ and korean cabbage $(5.4\%)$ and among 112 samples, 22 samples $(20\%)$ had more than one pesticide. Procymidone $(20.3\%)$, endosulfan $(18.2\%)$, dimethomorph $(13.3\%)$, chlorpyrifos $(7.7\%)$ and azoxystrobin $(6.3\%)$ were the most frequently found in agricultural product analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2008

The data on pesticide poisoning death toll during 2000-2005 was obtained from Korean National Statistical Office and analysed to find out any precautionary measures against pesticide poisonings. Pesticide poisoning death toll showed slightly increasing trend with year up to about 3500 in 2005. Most of the pesticide poisoning death cases were intentional self-poisoning accounting for more than 80% of total pesticide poisoning death. The pesticide most often implicated in poisoning death were paraquat dichloride, a non-selective herbicide and organophosphate/carbamate insecticides. The regional distribution of pesticide poisoning death showed urban 21.6% and rural area 78.4%. As for the occupation of the dead, agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for 27.4% and non-agricultural workers was 72.6% of pesticide poisoning death. Therefore, government need to take some precautionary measures to reduce the number of pesticide poisoning cases. It is strongly recommended that pesticide regulatory authorities encourage and train the agricultural workers to use safe storage boxes and enforce strict regulation for the prevention for the prevention of highly toxic pesticides sales to non-agricultural workers.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2007

This research was carried out to propose the Korean method for estimating the agricultural occupational pesticide exposure level in orchard. The UK-POEM (UK-Predictive Operator Exposure Model) was proposed as a bench-marking model and analysed its performance properties. To extrapolate the Korean agricultural conditions, application equipment, application method, work rate per day, application volume and spraying time of pesticide was surveyed for Korean 204 orchard farmhouse. This survey indicate that the major application equipments are speed sprayer(64.9%) and motor sprayer(33.9%). When they spayed the pesticide with a speed sprayer, they worked for more than 4 hours on area of 4 ha per day. In case of using motor sprayer, they worked for more than 4 hours on area of 1 ha. Based on the above survey result, Korean method for estimating the pesticide exposure level of agricultural worker was proposed finally.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.247-263
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• 2016

Safe animal feed is important for the health of animals, the environment and for the safety of foods of animal origin. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate simultaneous analytical method and 2) to investigate the amount of pesticide residues in animal feed from Republic of Korea as a part of official control. A total of 126 samples were collected in 2015 and analyzed for 105 pesticides. According to pesticides monitoring result, no residue was found in 84.1% of the samples, whereas 15.9% of samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Pirimiphos-methyl and cyproconazole were the two most frequently found pesticides. The results show that all commercial feed monitored in 2015 were safe under the Korean MRL and occurrence of pesticide residues in animal feed could not be considered serious threats to human and animal health. However, continuous monitoring with tighter regulation for pesticide residues in animal feed is recommended.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

The solubility in water of granular pesticides is not equal because the difference of methods of producing a granular pesticide. This study was conducted to investigate fish acute toxicity of butachlor 5% GR, fipronil 0.4% GR by impregnation and carbosulfan 3% GR, diazinon 0.4% GR by coating, using carp (C. carpio), medaka (O. tatipes) and loach (M. anguillicaudatus). The test solution of each pesticide was prepared by direct addition of granular pesticide and add after grinding granular pesticide to powder in test water, We also investigated $LC_{50}$ and residual concentration until 96 hours. Test results were appeared that the treatment of powder was 1.2~4 time higher than granular and toxicity increased clearly according to elapsed time, And the residual amounts by time were detected much at early time in the powder treatment of butachlor GR and diazinon GR. Conclusively, fish acute toxicity and residual concentration in test solution appeared higher in the powder treatment than treat granular form directly in water. Also, 96 hours toxicity values were stable comparatively and the error is less than 48 hours.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

An analytical method was developed and optimized for the quantification of a plant growth regulator, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DIPN), in agricultural products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted, partitioned, and were purified using a Florisil® cartridge. To validate the analytical method, its specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the instrument, LOQ of the analytical method (MLOQ), accuracy, and repeatability were considered. The method displayed excellent results during validation, and is suitable for the determination and quantification of the low residual levels of the analyte in the agricultural samples. All of the results with the optimized method were satisfactory and within the criteria ranges requested in the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines for pesticide residue analysis. The developed method is simple and accurate and can be used as a basis for safety management of 2,6-DIPN.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

To elucidate the exposure of pesticide in agricultural environment and to investigate distribution of pesticide in paddy fields. This experiment was carried out to clarify pesticide distribution in paddy fields applied with different formulations and growing stages. Initial dissipation rate of applied butachlor EW and oxadiazon EC before rice planting were more than 90% within 3 days in paddy fields. The distribution of a.i. in the pesticide formulations tested depended upon the elapsed time at each growing stage of rice plant after application. Most of pesticides applied within 15 days after transplanting of rice seedlings, more than 95%, were located in the surface water and soil regardless of pesticides; butachlor, thiobencarb and molinate GR. The distribution of iprobenfos GR, tricyclazole WP and phenthoate EC, after application 2 hours in middle growing stage (46 days after rice planting) were shown as 16.1, 48.9 and 38.9% in surface water, 83.6, 15.4 and 10.7% in soil, and 0.3, 35.7 and 50.4% in rice plants of paddy fields, respectively. Also tricyclazole WP and phenthoate EC, after application 2 hours in the late rice growing stage (90 days after rice planting) were distributed to 7.8 and 9.8% in surface water, and 21.7 and 5.1% in soil, and 70.5 and 85.1% in rice plants of paddy fields, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to assess the risk of pesticide operator in korean rice paddy. The amount of exposure was calculated based on the informations of 48 kind of items that are used the form of a spraying in korean rice paddy. The risks of these pesticides were assessed to compare the exposure dosage with AOEL (acceptable operator exposure level) which was released form developed countries. When the operator spraying pesticides using motor sprayer, 17 items showed the risk for operator if the operator have not worn the personal protective equipment (PPE), and 6 items showed the risk for operator if the operator have worn the PPE. These result were indicated that the risk of pesticide operator was very high in korean rice paddy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4265-4269
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• 2011

A method based on ethyl acetate extraction and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for determining tetraconazole residues in fruits and vegetables. A 10 g homogenized sample was mixed with 10 mL ethyl acetate, shaken vigorously for 3 min, stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and then vortexed vigorously for 1 min; 1 g NaCl and 4 g anhydrous $MgSO_4$ were added. The clean-up was carried out by applying dispersive solid-phase with 150 mg $MgSO_4$and 50 mg primary secondary amine. Three precursor product ion transitions for tetraconazole were measured and evaluated to provide the maximum degree of confidence. Average recoveries in fruits and vegetables at three levels (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) ranged from 85.53% to 110.66% with relative standard deviations ($RSD_r$) from 1.3% to 17.5%. The LODs ranged from 0.002 to 0.004 ${\mu}g$/kg, and LOQs ranged from 0.006 to 0.012 ${\mu}g$/kg. This method was also applied to determine tetraconazole residue in cucumber dissipation experiment under field conditions. The half-lives of tetraconazole in cucumber were in the range of 2.1-3.1 days.