• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2022

Entomopathogenic fungi can be used to control a variety of sucking and chewing insects, with little effect on beneficial insects and natural enemies. Approximately 170 entomopathogenic fungal insecticides have been registered and used worldwide, with the recent focus being on the mode of action and mechanism of insect-fungal interactions. During the initial period of research and development, the industrialization of entomopathogenic fungi focused on the selection of strains with high virulence. However, improvement in productivity, including securing resistance to environmental stressors, is a major issue that needs to be solved. Although conidia are the primary application propagules, efforts are being made to overcome the limitations of blastospores to improve the economic feasibility of the production procedure. Fungal transformation is also being conducted to enhance insecticidal activity, and molecular biology is being used to investigate functions of various genes. In the fungi-based pest management market, global companies are setting up cooperative platforms with specialized biological companies in the form of M&As or partnerships with the aim of implementing a tank-mix strategy by combining chemical pesticides and entomopathogenic fungi. In this regard, understanding insect ecology in the field helps in providing more effective fungal applications in pest management, which can be used complementary to chemicals. In the future, when fungal applications are combined with digital farming technology, above-ground applications to control leaf-dwelling pests will be more effective. Therefore, for practical industrialization, it is necessary to secure clear research data on intellectual property rights.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2013

Bee-vectoring is a new crop protection technology used for suppressing insect pests and diseases in crops by disseminating microbial agents into plants during bee pollination activities. In this study, we conducted bee-vectoring trials in cherry tomato greenhouses by using the bumble bee (Bombus terrestris), a microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis) and a new dispenser, and we measured the delivered quantity of microbial agent. Bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) in bees exiting a dispenser ranged from $9.0{\times}10^5$ to $1.9{\times}10^6$ per bee. At greenhouse trials in the National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) trials, 3,300 - 8,500 CFUs per flower were counted and 80 - 100% of the flower samples contained detectable concentrations. There was no significant difference in CFU density between microbial replacement intervals (once a week vs twice a week) in the NAAS trials. In a commercial greenhouse trial, 1,800 - 2,400 CFUs per flower were found, and 83 - 93% of the flower samples contained detectable concentrations. CFUs detected in bee-vectored flowers increased by approximately 75 times before bee-vectoring. The mortality of bumble bees in the NAAS trials was, on average, 22% and little negative effects were observed on the bumble bee colonies. The yield difference for cherry tomatoes in the NAAS trials was not significant between treatments. When we select additional microbial agents that can be disseminated using this technology and create a detailed plan based on insect pests and disease incidence, we can apply this technology in greenhouses for growing tomatoes and strawberries in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2008

Abamectin 1.8% EC and emamectin benzoate 2.15% were evaluated the simultaneous control effect of both insect pests on black pine (Pinus thunbergii) against Thecodiplosis japonensis and Matsucoccus thunbergianae. Abamectin 1.8% EC was highly effective against T. japonensis and M thunbergianae, however, emamectin benzoate was highly effective against only M. thunbergianae when abamectin and emamectin benzoate were applied through trunk injection against T. japonensis and M thunbergianae at the rate of 1 ml per cm in diameter of breast height. The rate of gall formation of T. japonensis was 0% at the applied year, but 85% at the following year. However, the rate of gall formation was over 90% at the treatment of emamectin benzoate showing no difference compared with control. Abamectin 1.8% EC and emamectin benzoate 2.15% showed high control efficacy representing 89.1% and 91.4% against M. thunbergiana, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 2020

In accordance with the implementation of the Positive List System (PLS), the proper usage of pesticides is now being enforced. It is assumed that unregistered pesticides are being used on agroforestry products due to the low number of registered pesticides in the agricultural industry. In this study, pesticide and heavy metal residues were investigated in 13 types of products to determine the status of usage. The levels (%) of pesticides detected in Pimpinella beachscape, Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis lancekolate, Artemisia dubia, Angelica gigas, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Punica granatum were 40.0, 20.0, 26.7, 13.3, 56.3, 57.1, 33.3, 26.7, 66.7, and 46.7%, respectively, while, those in Petridium aquilinum, Disoscorea batata and Senna tora were zero. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd) were detected only from P. grandisflorum and A. dubia. The pesticide usage and registration data by agroforestry product obtained in the study will be useful in the future for ensuring the safety of domestic agroforestry products.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Most of the current cultivation log is recorded by growers manually or whose environment information is input based on the grower's own judgement. It is not easy for growers to record the image of disease and insect pests in the cultivation log. In this regards, u-Farm cultivation log management system based on Web 2.0 and smart phone is introduced in this paper, that is used for the effective cultivation management and grower's convenience. In the system, the value of environment information is transmitted to servers via sensors. It designs and implements Web 2.0 Flex so as to make the cultivation log more reliable and provide users with active, convenient GUI in case the log is recorded by desktop. In this process, detailed modules are designed by object-oriented UML considering the reusability and maintenance of the system. Moreover, the system introduced in this paper is proved to be more excellent by the qualitative assessment compared with the other researches.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The exposure of food to ionizing radiation has been recognized as a safe and effective mode of food preservation in more than 55 countries. The benefits include eradication of insect pests, inactivation of food pathogens, extension of shelf-life, and improvement in food hygiene. Regulatory authorities around the world have emphasized the implementation of various national and international regulations to facilitate trade and development of consumers' confidence in purchasing irradiated foods. Therefore, the need for reliable irradiation detection methods has increased to enforce these regulations. At present, a number of promising analytical approaches have been developed and evaluated. Moreover, about 10 European Standards have been adopted as General CODEX Alimentarius methods for the detection of irradiated foodstuffs. However, most of these methods demand relatively expensive equipment and prolonged sample preparation. Therefore, simple and cost-effective approaches would be advantageous for rapid screening of foodstuffs. The suspected samples need to be analyzed further with more validated techniques to confirm the screening results. In this review, existing screening methods (i.e. physical, chemical, and biological) for the identification of irradiated foods have been outlined along with their principles, scopes and limitations.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2010

Centipedegrass is a warm season turfgrass in the world. Chlorogenic acid (CA) is one of the important compounds present in the leaf of centipedegrass and already known as an antioxidant, CA has become a key resistance against insect pests and bacteria pathogens of agricultural and horticultural plants during seedling stage. Furthermore, CA is accumulated by abiotic stress such as an UV irradiation. In present study, we investigated enhancement of the level of CA upon gamma irradiation in centipedegrass. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data analysis showed an approximately increasing of the CA levels from among the irradiated samples. However, plants irradiated at 50 Gy showed a constant increase in the CA level (0.0066 to $0.114mg\;ml^{-1}$ and 0.0258 to $0.2211mg\;ml^{-1}$, respectively) from $3^{rd}$ to $15^{th}$ day among one and three month irradiated plants compared to control. The present study, indicates an increase in the CA level upon gamma irradiation, suggests strategy for conferment of strong resistance in seedling stage plants by gamma irradiation as simplicity and cheaply method.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

The changes in major moth populations were monitored by sex pheromone traps in pear orchards at Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon from 2008 to 2010. Among four major moths, Grapholita molesta and Caposina sasakii occurred most frequently. Their occurrences peaked 2 to 3 times during the growing season from May to September. G. molesta was exceptional, occurring until September. For the environmentally-friendly control of these moths, 9 control materials including insect pathogenic bacteria and environmentally-friendly agricultural materials, were examined on the larva of 4 kinds of moth and sprayed on pear leaves in the field. As the generalized results of bioassay, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Sophora flavescens extract were shown to have better control effects than any other control material.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.492-497
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• 1994

Extracts of 43 species of plants were tested for their insecticidal and acaricidal activities against six species of insect pests and one mite species. The methanol extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves selectively was found to have potent insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), whereas steam distillate of Thujopsis dolabarata var. hondai sawdust showed potent insecticidal activities with a broad spectrum. The methanol extract of Pinus densiflora leaves and steam distillate of T. dolabrata var. hondai sawdust exhibited potent activities against Tetranychus urticae (Koch).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.523-528
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• 2016

The migratory locust Locusta migratoria, one of the world's most notorious insect pests, has polyphenic (gregarious or solitarious) characteristics. Although this species is known to have several morphological variants, it is genetically divided into two different lineages using mitochondrial genome analysis: Southern (Africa, Southern Europe, Southern Asia, and Australia) and Northern (East Asia and the Eurasian continent). In 2014, a large number of orange black-colored gregarious L. migratoria nymphs suddenly appeared at Haenamgun, Jeollanamdo in the south of Korea. This is the first report of gregarious phase locusts occurring in Korea. In this study, mitochondrial COI sequences of one nymph and 11 adults of L. migratoria were analyzed to examine the genetic lineage of the gregarious nymphs of L. migratoria. Our results showed that all 12 individuals belong to the Northern linage and have low intraspecific genetic divergences (0.0% - 0.9%).