• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the native distribution of wax myrtle (Myrica rubra) in Cheju Province and its propagation method. Wax myrtle is heavily distributed at 100 to 400m above sea level of Donhong-chun and Hyodon-chun which is bordered by Youngchon-dong of Seogwipo City and Haryeri of Namcheju county. BA, IBA, Kinetin, IAA, and GA3 were applied to promote rooting of cutting but were ineffective in promoting rooting. Treating cuttings with both AgNO,1 which removes rooting inhibitor, tannin and growth regulators such as BA, IBA and Kinetin were also ineffective in promoting rooting. Incubating seeds at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 days resulted in 39％ germination. There was distinct difference in leaf shape between seedlings and mature trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.1 s.15
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• pp.3-14
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• 2002

Changes of chemical properties by times of the reclaimed tidal land soils and soil surface water, underground infiltration water with precipitation-runoff on natural meteological condition in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields were investigated. This study was carried out to use environment-friendly farm land in the reclaimed tidal lands. The soils used in this study were saline-alkaline soils with the high $Na^+$ and $Mg^{++}$ content. As the results of investigation outflow loading of nutriments through outflow water in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields by precipitation during the survey period, nutriments equivalent to T-N $1{\sim}2\;kg\;10a^{ -1}$ and T-P $0.01{\sim}0.02\;kg\;10a^{-1}$ from in the unripened tidal lands were discharged. Besides, the results of comparison losses of cation through outflow water showed $Na^+>\;K^+>\;Mg^{++}\;>\;Ca^{++}$, and the highest appeared water discharge of $Na^+$. In case of saemangeum reclaimed tidal land soils water discharge of cations showed $Ca^{++}$ 1.3 kg $10a^{-1}$, $Mg^{++}$ 1.6 kg $10a^{-1}$, $Na^+$ 17.7 kg $10a^{-1}$, and $K^+$ 3.2 kg $10a^{-1}$ respectively. On the other hand, in case of koheung reclaimed tidal lands soils water discharge of cations showed $Ca^{++}$ 18.1 kg $10a^{-1}$, $Mg^{++}$ 31.2 kg $10a^{-1}$, $Na^+$ 320.8 kg $10a^{-1}$ and $K^+$ 51.2 kg $10a^{-1}$ respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1255-1266
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• 2017

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and major nutrient for both plants and animals. However, anthropogenic P in the environment may cause severe problems such as the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is essential for the Korean government to manage P in the agricultural sector. The annual P budget for Korea was 46 kg P ha-1 in 2013, placing Korea in second among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. P surplus and deficiency in agricultural lands can be estimated according to the P budget, which is one of the OECD agri-environment indicators. In the P budget, it is important to ensure consistency in the input-output data sources, in order to apply national and regional policies for the environmentally sound management of agricultural P. This study examines the impacts on the input-output data sources in the regional P budget in Korea. P budgets were between 99-145 kg-P/ha, depending on different data sources. We suggest two recommended data combinations (DC 1 and DC 2) for reliability of the data. P budgets calculated using DC 1 and DC 2 were 128 kg-P/ha and 97 kg-P/ha, respectively. According to the results, one of the core factors affecting P budgets was crop production. In this study, DC 2 was recommended rather than DC 1 in order to consider the cultivated areas for various crops. It is also necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the coefficients used in P budget in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 2004

This study was performed to provide the basic knowledge about the mushroom cultivation facilities. Classified current status of cultivation facilities in Gyeongnam province was investigated by questionnaire. The structure of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation facilities can be classified into the simple and permanent frame type. The simple frame structures were mostly single-span type, on the other hand, the permanent frame structures were more multi-span than simple structures. And the scale of cultivation facilities was very different regardless of structural type. But as a whole, the length, width and ridge height were prevailing approximately 20.0 m, $6.6\~7.0m$ and $4.6\~5.0m$ range, respectively. The floor area was about $132\~160\;m^2$, and floor was built with concrete to protect mushrooms from various harmful infection. The roof slope of the simple and permanent type showed about $41.5^{\circ}\;and\;18.6\~28.6^{\circ}$, respectively. The width and layer number of growing bed for mushroom cultivation were around $1.2\~1.6m$, 4 layers in common, respectively. Most of year round cultivation facilities were equipped with cooler, heater, humidifier, and ventilating fan. Hot water boiler was the most commonly used heating system, the next was electric heater and then steam boiler. The industrial air conditioner has been widely used for cooling. And humidity was controlled mostly by ultra-wave or centrifuging humidifier. But some farmers has been using nozzle system for auxiliary purpose. More then $90\%$ of the mushroom house had the independent environment control system. The inside temperature was usually controlled by sensor, but humidity and $CO_2$ concentration was controlled by timer for each growing stage. The capacity of medium bottle was generally 850 cc and 1100cc, some farms used 800 cc, 950 co and 1,250 cc. Most of mushroom producted has been usually shipped to both circulating company and joint market.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.298-299
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• 2008

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

The present study attempted to explore effective scanning and monitoring in process of risk management on agri-marine products distribution policy. The interest public's group interests clash in accordance with theme for issue on marking policy. For executing a better systematic scanning and monitoring on actual affairs of marketing, selecting information personnel, gathering and analysing information, issue and risk management and their valuation with ongoing and simultaneously. Especially, In order to explore effective scanning and monitoring as a model of risk management, the study attempted to analyze within and without environment of marketing, to analyze issue management strategy, to evaluate issue activity for likelihood and impact, risk cycle analysis, interest public's group concerned, grade of interest public's group threatened(power, legitimacy, willingness), rapport(staying close, credibility, meeting expectation). And the study make an ongoing observation progress of subjects, and the serious subjects need have made an close observation. The study suggested to establish friendly relationship between organization and interest public's group, and to regularly accomplish two-way symmetric communication.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to increase understanding of agriculture through agricultural experience programs for adolescents living in self-reliance residence hall, and to investigate changes in work performance ability through changes in hand function. Methods: There were 11 subjects, and the average age was 18.2 years, all males without disabilities. The agricultural experience program consists of a total of 10 sessions including orientation and watching videos on future agriculture, creating vegetable gardens, planting, managing each crop, harvesting, visiting the processing room, and selling at a local food store. Results: The change in agricultural literacy by the agricultural experience program positively improved from a score of 113.73 to 127.91 (p = .008). The changes by sub-item are as follows. The value and safety of agri-foods (p = .020) and agriculture and natural environment (p = .007) were significantly improved. The function and value of rural areas (p = .050), production of agricultural products (p = .160), processing and distribution of agricultural products (p = .248), and agricultural policies (p = .058) were not significantly changed. The simple function of the hands was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 30 seconds, and the assembly function was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 60 seconds. In the case of simple function, the dominant hand was improved from 14.82 to 15.83 (p = .014), andthe non-dominant hand was also significantly improved from 13.79 to 15.01 (p = .002). There was no significant improvement in the simple function (p = .153) and assembly function (p = .770) of both hands. Conclusion: It is considered that the agricultural experience program will enable youths living in self-reliance residence halls to enhance their understanding of agriculture as an occupation, and enable them to play a role as wise consumers by positively affecting improvements in their agricultural literacy and simple hand functions.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of pollutant loads on the water quality in the Goseong reservoir from May 2005 to October 2006. Annual total runoff at the Goseong-cheon watershed was 968.0 mm in 2005, 382.6 mm in 2006, respectively. The mean concentration of BOD, COD and SS in the stream were 2.28, 6.03, 46.97 mg/L in rainy seasons and 0.95, 2.14, 6.05 mg/L in dry seasons at SWT C sub-watershed. Total-N concentrations ranged from 2.60 to 3.18 mg/L at SWT C sub-watershed, which was generally higher than the quality standard of agricultural water (1.0 mg/L). Total-P concentrations ranged from 0.044 to 0.130 mg/L at SWT C sub-watershed. Measured pollutant loads in the SWT C sub-watershed were 36.7 kg/day of BOD, 72.3 kg/day of T-N and 2.3 kg/day of T-P in 2005 at SWT C sub-watershed, 63.9 kg/day of BOD, 82.8 kg/day of T-N and 1.1 kg/day of T-P in 2006 at SWT C sub-watershed, respectively. In the analysis of the effluent characteristics for NPS pollutants, it appeared that the loading rates of effluent from SWT C watershed were, respectively, BOD 62.3%, T-N 69.6%, T-P 71.1%, SS 70.1% during the rainy season in 2006. The calculated T-N daily pollutant loadings by the unit loading factor method from each sub-watershed were much greater than observed, but the calculated T-P daily pollutant loadings much lesser than observed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2019

We investigated the control efficacy and phytotoxicity of unmanned aerial vehicle-applied pesticides against the insect Spodoptera exigua, a major emerging pest in Chinese cabbage. Phytotoxicity was investigated in cabbage and 7 crops cultivated in the perconducted on 8 surrounding crops including Chinese cabbage at 1 to 2 times the recommended pesticide dosage. We treated cabbage fields with spinetoram suspension concentrate (16×), methoxyfenozide, sulfoxaflor suspension concentrate (16×). Then, we used water-sensitive paper to measure the distribution pattern of falling pesticide particles and the degree of coverage. Two of the pesticides showed 97% control efficacy, however, control efficacy might differ in resistant populations. Phytotoxicity was not observed in Chinese cabbage and the 7 surrounding crops treated with 1 to 2 times the recommended pesticide dosage. Analysis of the distribution pattern of falling pesticide particles revealed that breeze caused particle diffusion. Thus, wind is an important factor affecting the uniform treatment and diffusion of multicopter-applied pesticides. It follows that setting optimal conditions is necessary for effective control and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.260-269
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Diquat dibromide is a fast-acting nonselective herbicide and plant growth regulator. In this study, in order to understand the possibility of unintentional pesticide contamination in the following crops, the phytotoxicity and transition of diquat dibromide residue in soil into the following crops such as pepper, radish, lettuce and corn have been assessed through phytotoxicity trial and residual evaluation in the unintentional contamination of the higher residual diquat dibromide. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pepper, radish, lettuce and corn were cultivated in the sandy soil and loam soil where the 35 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg diquat dibromide were applied, respectively. Mild growth inhibition symptoms were observed in radish, lettuce and corn crops at the 90 mg/kg- diquat dibromide treatment on the 30 day of cultivation. Diquat dibromide was analyzed using liquid chromatography QTRAP (LC-MS/MS). The recovery rates of diquat dibromide from soil and crop were determined within range from 89.1 to 116.4% with relative standard deviation less than 14.7%. Diquat dibromide residues in soil were found to be 23.90-30.22 and 69.59-82.57 mg/kg from the 35 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg of diquat dibromide-treated soil, respectively after 30 days of crop cultivation. This result implicates that diquat dibromide did not convert to metabolites and remained mostly in the soil, even though it was partially decomposed during crop cultivation. In addition, the diquat dibromide in pepper and radish that were grown for 47 days, and lettuce and corn that were cultivated for 30 days were detected to be 0.01 mg/kg or less in the sandy loam and loam soil where the 90 mg/kg diquat dibromide was applied. CONCLUSION(S): Diquat dibromide did not cause severe phytotoxicity in the following crops as well as it did not uptake and distribute to the following crops, even though it was considered to be residual in the soil.