• Title/Summary/Keyword: agaricales

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Resources Use Characteristics of Higher Fungi in Byeonsanbando National Park (변산반도 국립공원 고등균류의 자원이용적 특성)

  • Jang, Seog-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.230-251
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    • 2017
  • According to the survey on higher fungi from 2009 to 2011 and also in 2015 in Byeonsanbando National Park, a total of 2 division, 6 class, 18 orders, 61 families, 157 genera and 323 species were observed. In case of Agaricales, there were 23 families, 67 genera and 153 species; Boletales, there were 6 families, 27 genera and 45 species; Russulales, there were 3 family, 4 genera and 40 species; Polyporales, there were 6 family, 21 genera, 28 species. Thus, most of them belonged to the following 4 orders: Agaricales, Russulales, Boletales and Polyporales. Dominant species belonged to Boletaceae (37 species), Russulaceae (36 species), Agaricaceae (28 species) and Amamtaceae (25 species). For the habitat environment, the ectomycorrhizal mushrooms were 40.2% (poisonous mushrooms, 46 species; edible & medicinal mushrooms, 51 species; unknown edible & poisonous mushrooms, 26 species), litter decomposing and wood rotting fungi 35.3%(poisonous mushrooms, 10 species; edible & medicinal mushrooms, 52 species; unknown edible & poisonous mushrooms, 46species), grounding Fungi 22.3%(poisonous mushrooms, 8 species; edible & medicinal mushrooms, 31 species; unknown edible & poisonous mushrooms, 29 species). Monthly, most of poisonous mushrooms, edible & medicinal mushrooms and unknown edible & poisonous mushrooms were found in July and August. In terms of altitude, the most species were observed at 1~99m and the populations dropped by a significant level at an altitude of 200m or higher. It seemed that the most diversified poisonous mushrooms, edible & medicinal mushrooms and unknown edible & poisonous mushrooms occurred at climate conditions with a mean air temperature at $24.0{\sim}25.9^{\circ}C$, the highest air temperature at $28.0{\sim}29.9^{\circ}C$, the lowest air temperature at $20.0{\sim}21.9^{\circ}C$, a relative humidity at 77.0~79.9% and a rainfall of 300.0~499.9mm.

Analysis of Genomic Diversity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from the Roots of Suaeda japonica and S. maritima for the Restoration of Ecosystems in Buan Salt Marsh (부안갯벌 생태계 복원을 위한 칠면초와 해홍나물의 내생진균류에 대한 유전학적 다양성 분석)

  • You, Young-Hyun;Yoon, Hyeokjun;Seo, Yeonggyo;Kim, Miae;Shin, Jae-Ho;Lee, In-Jung;Choo, Yeon-Sik;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.287-295
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    • 2012
  • Eighty-four endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified from the roots of halophytes collected in Buan salt marsh. All halophyte samples, such as Suaeda japonica, and Suaeda maritima were isolated from Buan salt marsh. All endophytic fungi isolated were analyzed by sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) containing ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 region. All endophytic fungi expressed that fungal strains belong to eight orders; Pleosporales (45%), Eurotiales (27%), Incertae sedis (11%), Dothideales (6%), Capnodiales (5%), Hypocreales (5%), and Agaricales (1%). All endophytic fungi were confirmed at the genus level of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, containing Alternaria, Ascomycota, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Eupenicillium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Hypocrea, Lewia, Macrophoma, Penicillium, Peyronellaea, Phoma, Pleospora, Pleosporales, Pseudeurotium, Schizophyllum, and Talaromyces. Alternaria (21%) and Penicillium (13%) were the dominant endophytic fungal strains. In this study, endophytic fungal strains analyzed from S. japonica and S. maritime, Alternaria (21%), and Penicillium (13%) of Pleosporales and Eurotiales in halophytes were very abundant.

Interorder Protoplast Fusion between Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma applanatum (느타리버섯과 잔나비걸상버섯과의 이목간(異目間) 원형질체(原形質體) 융합(融合))

  • Yoo, Young-Bok;Song, Moon-Tae;Go, Seung-Joo;You, Chang-Hyun;Cha, Dong-Yeul;Park, Yong-Hwan;Chang, Kwon-Yawl
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.119-123
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    • 1989
  • Interorder heterokaryons were obtained by polyethylene glycol induced fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutants of Pleurotus ostreatus in agaricales and Ganoderma applanaturm in aphyllophorales. When transferred to MMM plates, all fusion colonies exhibited an extremely growth rate. During three times subcultivation on MCM the growth rate of fusants showed faster little by little. Seventy-five % fusion products of potoplasts showed mixed morphologies between those of P. ostreatus and G. applannatum in the first subcultivation on MCM and MGM. The phenotype of these fusants changed similar those of P. osteatus type after three times subcultivation on MCM. However, phenotype of 25% stable strains did not change on subcultivation. Hyphae of all fusion products did not form true clamp connection. All these types did not produce primordia. A comparrison of interorder somatic hybrids was made using isozyme analysis of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. In most cases the enzyme patterns of G. applanatum were not distinct, however, fusant showed non-parental bands.

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Analysis of Soil Fungal Community Related to Rhododendron mucronulatum in Biseul Mountain County Park, South Korea (우리나라 비슬산군립공원 진달래나무(Rhododendron mucronulatum)와 관련된 토양 진균 군집의 pyrosequencing 분석)

  • Jeong, Min-Ji;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Choi, Doo-Ho;Lee, In-Seon;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.377-384
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    • 2021
  • Researching the soil fungal community is important to understand the interaction between fungi and living plants. However, too few studies have examined the soil fungal community and their interactions with plants. Rhododendron mucronulatum, commonly known as Korean rosebay, is an important forest resource that has aesthetic, ecological, and potential pharmacological values. We used a pyrosequencing method to analyze the characteristics of fungal communities from R. mucronulatum soil samples from Biseul mountain county park, which is one of the famous places for large R. mucronulatum colonies in South Korea. We collected soil core samples in February and August at three sites in the Biseul Mountain County Park, taking into consideration the regional and seasonal conditions. We obtained 454,157 validated reads after pyrosequencing all six samples. The fungal communities from the first observation spot in August had the richest species diversity among the samples. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were major phyla in the samples. Agaricales_f, Mortierellaceae, and Clavariaceae were major families in the samples. The genus Mortierella was the most dominant in all six samples. Overall, 19 genera could be associated with R. mucronulatum. Sample 1 had 109 genera in sample 1, sample 2 had 111 genera, and sample 3 had 112 genera that were uniquely identified. The samples collected in August had 28 identified genera, that existed only in summer samples, indicating a weather effect. This study can be used as basic research to understand the relationship between soil fungi and plants.

Mushrooms Collected from Deogyu Mountain, Muju, Korea and Their Antioxidant Activity

  • Kim, Seong-Eun;Lee, In-Kyoung;Jung, Yun-A;Yeom, Ji-Hee;Ki, Dae-Won;Lee, Myeong-Seok;Song, Ja-Gyeong;Jin, Yong-Ju;Seok, Soon-Ja;Yun, Bong-Sik
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.134-137
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    • 2012
  • Mushrooms collected from Deogyu mountain, Korea, in 2011, were identified as four classes, four orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 33 species. In particular, agaricales was most abundant and comprised more than 70%. Their antioxidant activities were estimated using three different bioassay methods, the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. As a result, the methanol extracts of Stereum ostrea, Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus, and Tyromyces sambuceus exhibited potent antioxidant activity in all bioassays tested.

The Higher Fungal Flora in the Areas of Mt. Daesung and Mt. Daeduck (대성산(大成山)과 대덕산(大德山) 지역(地域)의 고등균류(高等菌類))

  • Kim, Kyung-Sook;Park, Wan-Hee;Min, Kyung-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 1991
  • More than 300 specimens of higher fungi were collected from both Mt. Daeduck and Mt. Daesung areas in Kangwon Province during the period from 13 to 19 August, 1990. These fungi were identified and classified into 4 orders, 15 families, 35 genera, 52 species and 1 variety. Dominant species were considered to be Collybia confluens in Tricholomataceae, and Russula emetica in Russulaceae of Agaricales, and Phlogiotis hevelloides in Auriculariales throughout our survey areas. Phlogiotis hevelloides (Fr.) Martin. (장미주걱목이) and Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scop. ex Fr.) P. Karst. (혓바늘목이) were newly described in Korea.

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Studies on the Constituents of Higher Fungi of Korea (XX)

  • Lee, Man-Hyong;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Byong-Kak
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 1979
  • To investigate constituents of Strobilomyces floccopus (Fr.) Karst. and Coprinus comatus (Fr.) S. F. Gray, free and total amino acids of the two mushrooms were quantitatively analyzed by G. L. C. and an amino acid analyzer. Free amino acids were extracted from both mushrooms with ethanol. Fourtenn free amino acids were detected from the ethanol extract of S. floccopus and fifteen free amino acids from C. comatus by G. L. C. And the dry carphopores of both mushrooms were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and then the total protein amino acids were analyzed by A. A. A. Seventeen total amino acids were detected from each acid-hydrolysate of S. floccopus and C. comatus. Lipids were extracted from the carpophores of S. floccopus and saponified with alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The isolated sterols were subjected to G. L. C. and two sterols were detected. The isolated free fatty acids were methylated with diazomethane and subjected to column chromatography and G. L. C. Eleven saturated and nine unsaturated free fatty acids were detected from the carpophores of S. floccopus. The presence of these nutrient components shows that the two mushrooms can be utilized as edible ones.

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Higher Fungi in Korea (1) (한국산(韓國産) 고등균류(高等菌類)(1))

  • Seok, Soon-Ja;Kim, Yang-Sup;Ryu, Young-Jin;Park, Dong-Suk
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.23 no.2 s.73
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    • pp.144-152
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    • 1995
  • Through a floral study and resource investigation of Korean mushrooms during the year 1993, five species of Agaricales, Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis (Bull.: Fr.) Sing.; Pholiota brunnescens A.H. Smith & K. Hesler; Coprinus angulatus Peck; Rhodophyllus bisporus Hongo; Suillus viscidipes Hongo and one form of Gasteromycetes, Lysurus mokusin (L.: Pers.) Fr.f. sinensis (Lloyd) Kobayashi, were found and described new to Korean flora. Pseudoclitocybe is described as an unrecorded genus to Korea. The color names cited are from Kornerup & Wanscher's Methuen Handbook of Colour (1984). All the specimens are deposited in the RDAGB's and ASIK's herbarium.

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A Survey of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales), Including a New Species, from a Subtropical Forest in Xishuangbanna, China

  • Ye, Lei;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Li, Huli;Xu, Jianchu;Hyde, Kevin D.;Mortimer, Peter E.
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.391-400
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    • 2019
  • A survey of mushrooms was conducted in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, in the rainy season (May to October) of 2012, 2013, and 2014, during which 16 specimens of Termitomyces were collected. Preliminary macro- and micro-characteristics, together with ITS sequence data, showed that four of the specimens belonged to a new species (Termitomyces fragilis), while the other 12 belonged to T. aurantiacus, T. eurrhizus, T. globules, T. microcarpus, and T. bulborhizus. In this paper, T. fragilis is introduced as a species new to science based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses. Macro- and micro- morphological descriptions, color photographs and line drawings of the new species, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided. T. fragilis is then compared with other closely related taxa in the genus Termitomyces.

Isolation and identification of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus form rainbow trout cultured in Korea (Isolation and Identification of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus from Rainbow Trout Cultured in Korea)

  • Lee, Jin-Hee;Heo, Gang-Joon;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 1996
  • A survey was conducted to determine the prevalance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) on fish farms in Korea and the epidemiology of IPNV infection in the farmed rainbow trout. In total, 43 pools of rainbow trout with apparent signs of viral infection from five provinces were obtained and analyzed. Evident cytopathic effects, including karyopycnosis and cell destruction, were observed in CHSE (chinook samlmon embyro)-214 cells infected with the virus isolates. Of these, ten viral isolates were assumed to be IPNV based on biophysical properties. RNA analysis revealed that the isolates contained two-segmented RNA genomes, further indicating that the viral isolates are IPNV. Antigenic comparison of the IPNV isolates identified three distinct serological groups separable by the cross-neutralization test. Of the ten IPNV isolates, six could be classified as strain DRT, two as strain Ab, and two as strain VR299. We were not able to isolate new strain of IPNV or any isolate serologically similar to the standard strain Sp.poraceae and families of the Agaricales, they are genetically more related to the Polyporaceae. These results are consistent with morphological characters observed in those mushrooms. However, it is premature to conclude taxonomic status Ganoderma species in the present study employing small sample size.

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