• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.458-463
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• 2018

The phosphorylation of JNK is known to induce insulin resistance in insulin target tissues. The inhibition of JNK-JIP1 interaction, which interferes JNK phosphorylation, becomes a potential target for drug development of type 2 diabetes. To discover the inhibitors of JNK-JIP1 interaction, we screened out 30 candidates from 4320 compound library with In Cell Interaction Trap method. The candidates were further confirmed and narrowed down to five compounds using the FRET method in a model cell. Among those five compounds, Acebutolol showed notable inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and elevation of glucose uptake in diabetic models of adipocyte and liver cell. Structural computation showed that the binding affinity of Acebutolol on the JNK-JIP1 interaction site was comparable to the known inhibitor, BI-78D3. Our results suggest that Acebutolol, an FDA-approved beta blocker for hypertension therapy, could have a new repurposed effect on type 2 diabetes elevating glucose uptake process by inhibiting JNK-JIP1 interaction.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2000

Gonadotropin receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane (TM) receptor family, Point mutations in the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LH/CGR) have been shown to cause constitutive activation which results in precocious puberty in affected males, We introduced one of the mutation, D556Y, into the LH/CG receptor and the same high affinity binding mutant (D556Y) receptor clone cell for wild type LH/CGR (LH/CGR-wt) was chosen for further analysis, In contrast to cells expressing LH/CGR-wt, it was demonstrated that the mutant receptor exhibited markedly increased basal cAMP production in the absence of agonist, suggesting that autonomous Leydig cell activity in familial male-precocious puberty (FMPP) is caused by a constitutively activating LH/CGR.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 1995

Enzyme multilayers composed of avidin and biotin-labeled enzymes were prepared on the surface of electrode, through a strong affinity between avidin and biotin (binding constant: ca $10^{15} M^{-1}$). The enzyme multilayers were useful for the improvement of the performance characteristies of enzyme sensors. The output current of the enzyme sensors depended linearly on the number of enzyme layers deposited. Thus, lactate oxidase (LOx) and alcohol oxidase (AlOx) were deposited after being modified with biotin for constructing enzyme sensors sensitive to L-lactate and ethanol respectively. It was also possible to deposit two different kinds of enzymes successively in a single multilayer. The glucose oxidase (GOx) and ascorbate oxidase (AsOx) were built into a multilayer structure on a Platinum electrode. The GOx, AsOx multilayer-modified electrode was useful for the elimination of ascorbic acid interference of the glucose sensor.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

We have isolated and characterized Agrius convolvuli cDNA encoding a c-type lysozyme. The cDNA sequence encodes a processed protein of 139 amino acid residues with 19 amino acid residues amino-terminal signal sequence and 120 amino acid residues mature sequence. The amino acid residues responsible for the catalytic activity and the binding of the substrate are conserved. Agrius lysozyme has a high identity to Manduca sexta. Recombinant A. convolvuli lysozyme was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS cells for pGEX 4T-1 expression vector. Their optimal conditions for the fusion protein expression and purification were screened. Lysozyme gene amplified with primers ACLyz BamHI and ACLyz XhoI was ligated into the pGEX 4T-1 vector, which contained the glutathione S-transferase(GST) gene for fusion partner. The fusion protein was induced by IPTG and identified by SDS-PAGE analysis. Molecular weight of the fusion protein was estimated to be about 45 kDa. Recombinant lysozyme, fused to GST, was purified by glutathion-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Western blot analysis of this protein revealed an immunoreactivity with the anti-Agrius lysozyme.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

Sulfonated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-$SO_{3}$) grafted polyrotaxanes (PRx-PEG-$SO_{3}$) were prepared in order to utilize the unique properties of PEG-$SO_{3}$ and the supramolecular structure of PRx, in which PEG-$SO_{3}$ grafted $\alpha$-cyclodextrins ($\alpha$-CDs) were threaded onto PEG segments in a PEG-b-poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)-b-PEG triblock copolymer (Pluronic) chain capped with bulky end groups. Some of the PRx-PEG-$SO_{3}$ demonstrated a higher anticoagulant activity in case of PRx-PEG-$SO_{3}$ (P 105), and compared with the control they showed a lower fibrinogen adsorption in PRx-PEG-$SO_{3}$ (F68) and a higher binding affinity with fibroblast growth factor. The obtained results suggested that polyrotaxane incorporated with PEG-$SO_{3}$ may be applicable to the surface modification of clinically used polymers, especially for blood/cell compatible medical devices.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1290-1294
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• 2004

The ${\beta}$-blockers possess at least one chiral center and the S(-)-enantiomer shows higher affinity for binding to the ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptors than antipode. The stability constants of acebutolol, celiprolol, propranolol and terbutaline in the inclusion complexes with single-isomer heptakis (2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)- ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HDMS-${\beta}$-CD) were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The approximation and linear double reciprocal methods were adapted with comparable results. Among the ${\beta}$-blockers studied, propranolol had the lowest stability constant but the highest enantioselectivity, indicating that the magnitudes of the stability constants carried little information about enantioseparation. The magnitudes of enantioselectivities between the enantiomer pair were in the order of propranolol > celiprolol > terbutaline > acebutolol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3322-3326
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• 2013

A series of hybrid molecules between (${\alpha}$)-lipoic acid (ALA) and benzyl piperazines were synthesized and their in vitro cholinesterase [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)] inhibitory activities were evaluated. Even though the parent compounds did not show any inhibitory activity against cholinesterase (ChE), all hybrid molecules showed BuChE inhibitory activity. Some hybrid compounds also displayed AChE inhibitory activity. Specifically, ALA-1-(3-methylbenzyl)piperazine (15) was shown to be an effective inhibitor of both BuChE ($IC_{50}=2.3{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$) and AChE ($IC_{50}=30.31{\pm}0.64{\mu}M$). An inhibition kinetic study using compound 15 indicated a mixed inhibition type. Its binding affinity ($K_i$) value to BuChE is $2.91{\pm}0.15{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2016

Background: Estrogen signaling pathways are modulated by exogenous factors. Panax ginseng exerts multiple activities in biological systems and is classified as an adaptogen. Zearalenol is a potent mycoestrogen that may be present in herbs and crops arising from contamination or endophytic association. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of P. ginseng, zearalenol and estradiol in tests on spermatozoal function. Methods: The affinity of these compounds for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and beta ($ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$)-was assessed in receptor binding assays. Functional tests on boar spermatozoa motility, movement and kinematic parameters were conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer. Tests for capacitation, acrosome reaction (AR), and chromatin decondensation in spermatozoa were performed using microscopic analysis. Results: Zearalenol-but not estradiol ($E_2$)- or ginseng-treated spermatozoa-decreased the percentage of overall, progressive, and rapid motile cells. Zearalenol also decreased spontaneous AR and increased chromatin decondensation. Ginseng decreased chromatin decondensation in response to calcium ionophore and decreased AR in response to progesterone ($P_4$) and ionophore. Conclusion: Zearalenol has adverse effects on sperm motility and function by targeting multiple signaling cascades, including $P_4$, $E_2$, and calcium pathways. Ginseng protects against chromatin damage and thus may be beneficial to reproductive fitness.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 1985

The Present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen in uteri of immature rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4, groups and injected with $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both or vehicle only subcutaneously three times after an interval of 24 hours respectively. The concentrations, of cytosol estradiol receptor in uterus were measured by DCC method before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the above treatments and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours after the above treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The binding affinity of tamoxifen to estradiol receptor in uterine cytosol was lower than that of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, accordingly the translocation of estradiol receptor into the nucleus was found to be delayed. 2. Tamoxifen caused the retention of estradiol receptor in nucleus over 24 hours and inhibited the replenishment of the receptor from nucleus to cytosol in uterus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2005

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of a porcine contagious pleuropneumonia. Among several virulence factors including exotoxin (Apx toxins), LPS, transferrin-binding proteins, OMPs, and some proteases, Apx toxins have been major targets for the protection study. In this study, cloning and expression of A. pleuropneumoniae Apx I and Apx II toxin, which are produced by all highly virulent strains, were performed by Escherichia coli expression system. Genes coding Apx I and II toxin were amplified from the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction and cloned to a prokaryotic expression vector, pRSET. Expression of the Apx I and Apx II coding sequences in E. coli resulted in the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies purified according to a denaturing purification protocol, which employs the use of guanidium. Recombinant proteins were purified using $Ni^{2+}$-charged resin affinity purification. This expression and purification system made it possible to produce Apx I and Apx II in large amounts for further immunologic studies.