• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

Purpose: The study was done to explore relationships between residential areas and smoking rates and to identify related factors contributing to smoking in Korea adolescents. Methods: An analysis was done of smoking rates and socioeconomic position indicators by city size based on a 2012 cross-sectional nationwide online survey conducted with 74,186 Korean middle and high school students aged 12-18 years old. Data were analyzed using x2-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN18.0 program. Results: Analyses revealed that rural boys were more likely to be current smokers compared to metropolitan boys (odds ratio 1.18, 95%-confidence interval 1.01; 1.38) but residential areas and smoking rates among girls were not related. After adjusting for covariates, results showed that city size, Family affluence score, economic status, parents' education level, living with parents, school type, and school achievement were related to increased an proportion of adolescents who smoked. Conclusion: In conclusion, rural living is a determinant of smoking among boys. Tobacco control programs should recognize differences in living conditions between rural and urban areas.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the developement of oral health programs to maintain correct oral health in adolescence by identifying the relevance of health-related behavior and symptom experience to adolescents. Methods: Using the 14th(2018) online survey of youth health behavior, this study was conducted on students in grades1 middle school to grade5 high school in Korea and 30,463 boys, 29,577 girls were selected as the final analysis targets. Results: During the oral disease symptom experience, there was a statistically significant difference in smoking experience with teeth pain controlled general characteristics during eating. Conclusions: It is expected that it will be used as basic dat for the development of oral health programs to maintain the correct oral health status of adolescents by identifying the effects of health-related behaviors and related variables on oral diseases in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.550-557
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression among school girls in Korea and identify factors influencing the tendency to depression. Methods: A self-report survey was conducted with South Korean middle schoolgirls who were in the 8th and 9th grades. Four hundred and one schoolgirls were included in the study. The instruments utilized in this study were the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale and Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple logistic regression with SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: The average depression score of the participants was 20.68, which indicates moderate levels of depression. About 35% of the schoolgirls in this study reported a tendency to depression. Significant predictors for depression were 'decreased problem-solving abilities', 'no family members with whom they can discuss their concern', 'decreased satisfaction in relationship with friends', and 'increased negative self-perception of body-image'. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that schoolgirls require special concern regarding the risk of developing depression. Regular depression screening could be beneficial for early detection of depression in schoolgirls and enhancing problem-solving ability could be considered as an effective strategy to reduce the risk of depression among schoolgirls.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.421-432
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between appearance-related attitude(attitude toward appearance, body satisfaction) and clothing attitude, and to examine how clothing attitude was influenced by appearance-related attitude. The method of this study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 700(middle school students 217, high school students 227, university students 256) girl students located in Junrabookdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 for Windows program was utilized to calculate frequency, mean, factor analysis, cronbach's $\alpha$, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows: The results of analysing the factors to the response clothing attitude emerged five dimensions(fashion pursuit, gender attractiveness, self-expression, aesthetic, and modesty). University school girls' students showed higher attitude toward appearance, body satisfaction, clothing attitude except of modesty. Clothing attitude variables except of modesty had positive correlations with appearance-related attitude. However, modesty of clothing had negative correlations with appearance-related attitude. As a conclusion, adolescents' appearance-related attitude constituted important characteristics which could affect clothing attitude directly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that influence Korean adolescents' depression and suicidal ideation from individual, social and environmental perspectives by gender. The study used the date of the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and the subjects were 68,043 middle and high school students. The levels of depression and suicidal ideation were the dependent variables and the factors influencing the dependent variables included 11 individual factors, 3 social factors and 7 environmental factors. The data were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) from multi-variable logistic regression analysis. As a result, the most significant individual factors that influenced both depression and suicidal ideation were stress and subjective happiness both in boy and girls, the most significant social factor was participation in violence treatment programs, and the most significant environmental factors were economic status, father's educational level, and whether or not they lived with their family. Therefore, programs and policies to improve adolescents' mental health should be developed considering individual, social, and environmental factors.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze longitudinal effect of physical education activity (PEA) score on self-rated health evaluation change (SHEC). This study used hierarchical linear and nonlinear models to investigate of the SHEC during the transition into adolescence (from middle school 1st to high school 2nd grade). Using the Korea children and youth panel survey (KCYPA), data were collected over the course of five years (from 2010 and 2014). HLM 6.8 computer program was used to analyze the data. The result were as follows. First, boys' SHEC increased across the five years, and girls' SHEC decreased across the five years. Second, boys' the self-rated health was increased across the three years and decreased across the two years. Third, girls' the self-rated health was increased across the two years and decreased across the three years. Fourth, the PEA score of 1st grade of high school showed a significant positive association with the boys' SHEC. Fifth, the PEA score of 1st grade of middle school showed a significant negative association with the girls' SHEC.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify the stress into groups and analyze their differences in self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 377 middle and high school girls living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncant-test, and t-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings show that stress developed due to several reasons: the categories are as follows into grades-related low stress, exam-related high stress, and society-related high stress. For the purposes of our study, we labeled self-consciousness as a combination of being socially and privately self-consciousness and showing signs of social anxiety. Appearance management behavior deals with esthetic plastic surgery, clothing harmony, weight management, hair management, health care, skin care, and meal management. Stress shows a significant correlation with the sub-variable self-consciousness and appearance management behavior. The groups show a significant difference in the self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. There is also a significant difference among stress, self-consciousness and appearance management behavior by grade. The students in seemed to recognize that their appearance can be improved by dressing up and managing their outwardly appearance. Teachers should educate students to have the variety of views on the meaning of beauty. In addition, schools need to develop programs to educate student about appearances, as the student's interests differ due to the stress type of the adolescent.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

Purpose : This study examined the factors related to sexual intercourse among adolescents in South Korea. Methods : The study sample was comprised of 65,528 middle and high school students aged 12 to 18 years in 2016. For this study, using the data from the 12th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey, a chi-squared test, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis we reconducted with the SPSS 22.0 program considering personal, family, school, and regional characteristics. Results : The proportion of adolescents who had sexual intercourse was 6.0 % of boys and 2.7 % of girls, and 6.3 % of high school students and 2.4 % of middle school students. The statistically significant related factors of sexual intercourse were gender, grade, attempted suicide, ever drinking, ever smoking, habitual or purposeful drug use, weekly allowance, and coed school in the final model 4. Adolescents with suicide attempts had 2.49 times more sexual intercourse than adolescents with no experience of suicide attempts. Compared to adolescents without alcohol, smoking, and habitual drug use, those who have experienced alcohol, smoking, habitual or purposeful drug use were 2.22 times, 3.76 times, and 3.39 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse, respectively. Adolescents with a weekly allowance of more than 100,000 won per week and adolescents in coed schools were 2.84 times and 1.40 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse, respectively. Conclusion : Multi-level interventions should be considered in school sexual education programs while considering the substantiality of sex education and the actual adolescents' needs. In addition, sexual health interventions in cyberspace for high-risk groups may be needed to consider the emotional and mental characteristics, given the factors related to sexual intercourse in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1397-1407
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• 2017

The aim of a school attendance policy (SAP) is to ensure breakfast time for school-aged adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of SAP on dietary behavior, particularly breakfast consumption, among adolescent middle school students (n=426) in the Ansan area of Gyeonggi-do. After implementation of the SAP, the response rates for eating breakfast every-day among boys (P>0.05) and girls (P<0.05) slightly increased by 44.6% and 35.8%, respectively, compared to before the SAP. Further, the degree of satisfaction with breakfast increased among both boys ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.4% and 21.6%, respectively) (P<0.01) and girls ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.8% and 14.2%, respectively) (P<0.001) compared to before the SAP. Moreover, boys (56.8%) and girls (53.9%) were aware that the SAP increased breakfast-eating frequency. Increases in deep sleep as a result of the SAP were high in both boys (39.2%) and girls (47.1%), and sleeping hours among boys (P<0.05) and girls (P<0.01) increased compared to before the SAP. The respondents were aware of the positive effects on physical function such as reduction of physical fatigue (boys 40.1%, girls 38.2%) and improvement of physical health (boys 36.5%, girls 32.8%). Thus, systematic and sustained political support at the national level is required to encourage healthy breakfast eating and physical activity in middle school students.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.124-143
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• 2000

Objectives：The primary purpose of this study is to understand the psychopathology of the victims of school violence in terms of early psychosis. By doing this, the early detection of psychosis among the victims is possible, and early detection may lead to early intervention. Methods：Two-thousand and nine-hundred seventy two students from 16 middle schools in Seoul were asked to fill out questionnaire comprised of popularity and intellectual and school status of Piers-Harris Children's Self Concept Inventory, Symptom Check List-90-Revised, and Ostracism Scale. The subjects whose scores upon Ostracism Scale were higher than average by two standard deviation were labeled as ‘Repelled and Isolated group', and subjects whose scores on popularity were significantly lower than average and whose scores on psychoticism of SCL-90-R were higher than average were defined as 'tentative early psychosis group'. Odds ratios were calculated from the numbers of subjects with and without high psychoticism scores and high ostracism scores. On the subjects of 'tentative early psychotic group', we examined every clinical characteristic and conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis in order to find out the risk factors and to construct theoretical model that explains the psychoticism scores. Results：The results were as follows：1) Total 157(5.3%) subjects were rated significantly higher on ostracism scale, and among them, 47 subjects(29.9%) were rated significantly higher than average on psychoticism scale, while only 50 subjects among 2,135 students who were rated within normal range showed significantly higher score on psychoticism scale. Odds ratio for psychotic group of isolated group were 17.82 and it was statistically significant. 2) Forty-seven subjects(31 boys, 16 girls) who were rated as they were unpopular and rejected from peers had significantly higher psychoticism scores. They were not significantly different from simply high psychoticism subjects in anxiety, social anhedonia scale, magical thinking, obsessivecompulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, psychoticism, somatization, but showed higher ostracism scores and paranoid tendencies. Among school violence victims, who rated themselves unpopular and showed higher psychoticism scores, the psychoticism scores were mainly explained by anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, paranoid tendency, somatization scales($r^2=0.93$). Conclusion：Thus, it can be concluded that the subjects with higher ostracism score have the substantially high risk for psychosis development. By these results, we propose that school violence victims with anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, paranoid tendency, somatization should be tested individually considering school adjustment, attentional deficit, concept formation problems.