• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2021

The gap provided between adjacent structures in the metropolitan cities is mostly narrow due to architectural and financial issues. Consequently, structural pounding occurs between adjacent structures during earthquakes. It causes damages, ranging from minor local to more severe ones, especially in the case of seismically isolated buildings, due to their higher displacements. However, due to the increased flexibility of isolated buildings, the problem could become more detrimental to such structures. The effect of the seismic pounding of moat walls on the response of buildings isolated by Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing (TFPB) is investigated in this paper. To this propose, two symmetric three-dimensional models, including single-story and five-story buildings, are modeled in Opensees. Nonlinear Time History Analyses (NTHA) are performed for seismic evaluation. Also, five different sizes with four different sets of friction coefficients are considered for base isolators to cover a whole range of base isolation systems with various geometry configurations and fundamental period. The results are investigated in terms of base shear, buildings' drift, and roof acceleration. Results indicated a profound effect of poundings against moat walls. In situations of potential pounding, in some cases, the influence of impact on seismic responses of multistory buildings was more remarkable.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2019

가로변 이면지역에 위치한 노후된 공동주택은 주도로의 교통소음의 피해를 받는다. 이면지역의 소음은 가로면 건물의 높이와 주도로와의 이격거리, 그리고 도로변 건물간의 이격거리 및 도로변 건물간의 높이차이에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 한 도시 내의 15개의 블록을 선정하여 가로변 건물배치형태를 1)블록에 단일건물이 배치된형태, 2)블록에 다수의 건물이 하나의 축으로 연속하여 배치된 형태로 분류하였으며, 가로변과 이면지역에서 도로교통소음을 동시에 측정하여 가로변의 건물 배치형식에 따른 이면지역소음의 상관성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 이면지역으로 전달된 도로교통소음은 가로변에 배치된 건물의 높이, 건물과 건물간의 이격된 거리, 인접한 건물의 높이차에 영향을 받으며 건물의 너비에 의한 소음도의 감소는 나타나지 않았다. 가로변에 위치한 건물의 높이가 4 m(단층)인 경우 이면지역의 소음도는 12 dB(A)감소하였으며 높이가 4 m 증가할 때마다 2 dB(A)씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인접한 두 건물의 높이차가 4 m 증가할 때마다 이면지역의 소음도는 1 dB(A)씩 증가하였으며, 인접한 두 건물의 이격된 거리가 0.5 m 증가할 때마다 이면지역의 소음도는 1 dB(A)씩 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.271-284
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• 1998

This paper uses the numerical simulation to investigate the interference effect of 3-D turbulent flow around two high rise buildings in proximity at the different relative heights, gaps, and wind velocities. The computer program used to carry out the simulation is based on the control volume method and the SIMPLEST algorithm. The ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model was used to simulate turbulence effects. Since the contracted flow between two adjacent buildings enhances the strength of vortex shedding from the object building, the pressure coefficient on each side wall of the object building is generally increased by the presence of apposed building. The effect is increased as the relative height or the gap between the two buildings decreases. The velocity on the vertical center line between two buildings is about 1.4 to 1.5 times the upstream wind velocity.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.937-957
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• 2017

도심지 도로는 도시민의 안락한 편익을 제공하기 위해서 차량과 보행이 집중되고 각종 공급배관들이 매설되어 있으며 도시민은 도로에 접하고 있는 건축물을 주거, 사무, 상업, 휴게공간으로 이용하면서 안락한 생활을 영위하고 있다. 그러므로 높은 토지비용에도 불구하고 토지이용효율이 높은 지하건축물이 꾸준하게 건설되고 있다. 최근 지하건축물의 개착공사로 인해서 주변도로와 인접건물이 침하되는 등의 도시안전성 저해문제가 사회적으로 크게 이슈되고 있으며 이를 개선하기 위한 제도개선이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도심지 지하건축물의 지하굴착 안전성을 확보하고 주변 침하로 인한 민원을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있도록 새로운 형태의 강재주열벽을 개발하였으며 이를 이용한 지하건축물 가설공법에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 강재주열벽의 휨강도 시험을 통해서 강도설계법을 적용한 흙막이 벽체의 합리적인 설계방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2008

본 연구는 서울시내 상업용 건물 수목의 입지환경을 조사하여 지속가능한 녹지조성의 기초를 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법은 선행연구 및 이론 고찰을 통해 상업용 건물 조성과 관련하여 조경과 관련된 법규 및 기준들을 살펴보고, 대상지로 선정된 상업용 건물과 식재된 수목에 대한 조사 및 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 조사대상지로 선정된 20개의 상업용 건물 녹지공간은 식재지의 폭과 방위, 향, 주변여건 등 환경적 측면에서 검토하였다. 상업용 건물 수목의 입지환경을 분석하기 위해 녹지는 크게 전면녹지, 측면녹지와 후면녹지 등 위치별로 나누어 조사하였으며, 식재된 조경수목과 건물과의 이격거리 및 식재환경에 관하여 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전면녹지는 대상지의 45%, 후면녹지는 30%가 조성되어 있지 않는 반면, 측면녹지는 20개소 중 19개소의 대상지에 조성되어 있었다. 둘째, 녹지 폭은 조성되지 않은 곳을 제외한 총 44개소의 녹지 중 13개소가 1m 미만으로 나타났다. 측면녹지의 경우 지역이나 건물의 특성과 무관하게 띠 녹지 형태로 유사하게 조성되는 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 이격거리를 조사한 결과 평균 0.76m로 조사되어, 전반적으로 수목이 매우 건물에 가깝게 식재된 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 식재된 수종은 총 30종으로 상록교목 8종, 낙엽교목 15종, 관목류 7종으로 조사되었으며, 대부분 유사한 수종이나 식재패턴을 보였다. 다섯째, 대체적으로 식재된 수종의 수관 폭이나 생육특성과 무관하게 식재되어 상업용 건물 수목의 입지환경이 장기적으로는 식재 수목의 건전한 생육에 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 최소 녹지 폭과 녹지면적만을 규정하고 있는 관련 법규의 세분화가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 예를 들어 최소 녹지 폭 확보에 관하여서는 식재지 조성 후 적어도 1m 이상이 되도록 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 인접녹지의 입지형태 및 유형(폐쇄형과 개방형)에 따라 적절한 식재기준 및 관리 지침을 제시하여 지속적으로 녹지가 양질로 관리되도록 하는 제도적 뒷받침 또한 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권5호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2018

Structural pounding is commonly observed phenomenon during major ground motion, which can cause both structural and architectural damages. To reduce the amount of damage from pounding, the best and effective way is to increase the separation distance. Generally, existing design procedures for determining the separation distance between adjacent buildings subjected to structural pounding are based on approximations of the buildings' peak relative displacement. These procedures are based on unknown safety levels. The aim of this research is to estimate probabilistic separation distance between adjacent structures by considering the variability in the system and uncertainties in the earthquakes characteristics through comprehensive numerical simulations. A large number of models were generated using a robust Monte-Carlo simulation. In total, 6.54 million time-history analyses were performed over the adopted models using an ensemble of 25 ground motions as seismic input within OpenSees software. The results show that a gap size of 50%, 70% and 100% of the considered design code for the structural periods in the range of 0.1-0.5 s, leads to have the probability of pounding about 41.5%, 18% and 5.8%, respectively. Finally, based on the results, two equations are developed for probabilistic determination of needed structural separation distance.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

New infrastructures and buildings are being constructed increasingly in congested urban areas, and excavation-induced ground movements often cause distortion and damage to adjacent buildings. Protection of adjacent structures occupies a major part of the cost, schedule and third-party impacts of urban development. To limit damage or mitigate their effects on nearby structures, it is highly important to understand the whole mechanism from excavation to building damage, and to estimate building damage reliably before excavation and provide appropriate measures. This paper investigates the effects of excavation-induced ground movements on nearby structures, considering soil-structure interactions for ground and structures, and a building damage criterion, which is based on the state of strain, is proposed. The criterion is compared with other existing damage estimation criteria and a procedure is finally provided for estimating building damage due to excavation-induced ground movements.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

In this study, we propose a new control system that effectively utilizes the interaction effect of control force through the connection of stiffness member for seismic performance enhancement of two adjacent structures equipped with active tuned mass damper (ATMD). The efficiency of the proposed control system is verified by comparing with the existing independent control system through the numerical simulations of the 10th- and 12th-story buildings. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that the proposed method can show similar or better control performance even with more economical control capacity than the existing independent control system. Another advantage is that the existing system does not exhibit the adaptive control performance in emergency of failure of one control device, whereas the proposed system can achieve successful adaptive control performance by economically and efficiently utilizing the interacting control effect through the connection member.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2020

The potential of using the roof water tanks as a mitigation measure to minimize the required separation gap and induced pounding forces due to collisions is investigated. The investigation is carried out using nonlinear dynamic analysis for two adjacent 3-story buildings with different dynamic characteristics under two real earthquake motions. For such analysis, nonlinear viscoelastic model is used to simulate forces due to impact. The sloshing force due to water movement is modelled in terms of width of the water tank and the instantaneous wave heights at the end wall. The effect of roof water tanks on the story's responses, separation gap, and magnitude and number of induced pounding forces are investigated. The influence of structural stiffness and storey mass are investigated as well. It is found that pounding causes instantaneous acceleration pulses in the colliding buildings, but the existence of roof water tanks eliminates such acceleration pulses. At the same time the water tanks effectively reduce the number of collisions as well as the magnitude of the induced impact forces. Moreover, buildings without constructed water tanks require wider separation gap to prevent pounding as compared to those with water tanks attached to top floor under seismic excitations.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

Recently, the condensation and mold problems of apartment buildings has been growing due to high insulation and high air-tightness performance for energy saving. Most of all, occupants in residential buildings has suffered from property damages due to the condensation and mold of built-in furniture. Condensation at built-in furniture were generally found in winter at the of furniture's back panels, adjacent surfaces of wall, floor and ceiling. The aim of paper is to analyze the characteristics of adjacent area around built-in furniture's condensation problem and the thermal environment around the built-in furniture in winter through the field measurements at apartment buildings. In this research, the thermal conditions and surface temperature around the built-in furniture were measured during winter season. In this research, we analyzed thermal conditions for built-in furniture which were applied and not applied auxiliary heating device. In results, it is important to consider increasing surface temperature for using heater and decreasing absolute humidity due to the occupants' behavior around built-in furniture for preventing condensation.