• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.267-276
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VAI, insulin resistance, and pancreatic beta cell function according to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese adults. From 2017 to 2019, 1,797 obese adults who received medical checkups at a general hospital in Bundang. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is NCEP-ATP III. HOMA index was used for insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. VAI was higher in the metabolic syndrome than in the control(p<.001). As the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome increased, the VAI value was higher(p<.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased as the VAI quartile increased(p<.001). VAI was also shown to be related to HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in the control, but not in the metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.460-472
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• 1994

Prevalences of hypertension and obesity of primary school children in Kangnung were investigated, and the correlations between blood perssure and measured anthropometry were also studied to identify the factors that influence on blood pressure. 1,164 children (602 boys and 562 girls) from five elementary schools were chosen for this study. Anthropometric measurements were taken for blood pressure, body weight, height, triceps skinfold, and circumferences of chest and arm. Data of family history of hypertension were obtained by means of prepared questionnaires. Prevalences of hypertension were 3.3% in boys and 3.1% in girls. The group with elevated blood pressure had relatively a greater frequency of familial hypertension and significantly higher mean body weight and obesity index. The prevalence of obesity was defined as percentage of children whose rates of current weight to standard weight for height and sex in Korean children were more than 120%. Prevalence of obesity were 16.3% in boys, 10.3% in girls. There findings clearly revealed the influences of above-average weight and familial hypertension on blood pressure. These results suggest that children with familial hypertension should be avoid excess adiposity and be measured blood pressure regularly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9579-9586
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• 2014

There is growing scientific evidence linking excess body weight to breast cancer risk. However, there is no common consensus on this relation due partly to methodologies used, populations studied and the cancer subtype. We report here a summary of the present state of knowledge on the role of overweight and obesity in pathogenesis of breast cancer and possible mechanisms through which excess body weight might influence the risk, focusing on the role of oxidative stress in breast cancer etiology. The findings demonstrate duality of excess body weight action in dependence on menopausal status: a statistically significant increased risk in postmenopausal overweight/ obese women and non-significant preventive effect among premenopausal women. Due to several gaps in the literature on this topic, additional studies are needed. Future research should address factors influencing the excess body weight - breast cancer relationship, such as race/ethnicity, tumor subtype, receptor status, the most appropriate measure of adiposity, reproductive characteristics, and lifestyle components.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex multisystem genetic disorder characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Many features of PWS indicate a deficiency in growth hormone (GH) production, and these findings provide a rationale for GH therapy in PWS. It is possible that rhGH therapy could have beneficial effects in adults with PWS, similar to those in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) of non-syndromic cause. However, there is a paucity of data on the use of GH in adults with PWS. Here, the previous studies about efficacy and safety of rhGH therapy in PWS adults are summarized. Briefly, rhGH therapy in PWS adults may improve body composition, leading to increased lean body mass and decreased fat mass, as well as decreased subcutaneous and visceral adiposity without overall changes in body mass index. There may be at least transient deterioration in glucose homoeostasis in some PWS patients on rhGH therapy, which requires further study. In addition, clinical care guidelines for rhGH therapy in adults with PWS were suggested.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2022

Patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer who undergo an axillary dissection and require adjuvant therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy are at high risk of developing lymphedema of the associated extremity. Historically, patients with lymphedema were treated with ablative procedures aimed simply to remove excess fluid and adiposity; however, the field of lymphatic surgery employing super-microsurgery techniques has witnessed tremendous advances in a relatively short period of time. Advancements in surgical instruments, microscope magnification and optics, imaging technology, and surgeon experience have ushered in a new era of hope to treat patients suffering from breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Here we aim to present the available options for patients suffering from BCRL, and the pinnacle in reconstruction and restoration for these patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.655-661
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and associated mechanisms of arctiin, a lignan compound found in burdock, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Also, the effects of arctiin supplementation in obese mice fed a high-fat diet on adiposity were examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with arctiin (12.5 to $100{\mu}M$) during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride contents. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. For in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were first fed either a control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HF) to induce obesity, and then fed CON, HF, or HF with 500 mg/kg BW arctiin (HF + AC) for four weeks. RESULTS: Arctiin treatment to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes markedly decreased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The arctiin treatment significantly decreased the protein levels of the key adipogenic regulators $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and also significantly inhibited the expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase. Also, arctiin greatly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target phosphorylated-acetyl CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, administration of arctiin significantly decreased the body weight in obese mice fed with the high-fat diet. The epididymal, perirenal or total visceral adipose tissue weights of mice were all significantly lower in the HF + AC than in the HF. Arctiin administration also decreased the sizes of lipid droplets in the epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Arctiin inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the inhibition of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that arctiin has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1439-1445
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the inhibition of phyto-extract mixture (PEM) in several digestive enzymes ($\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase and lipase) for anti-obesity. The current study also examined the effects of PEM on adiposity and serum lipid levels in obese mice fed with high fat diet. ICR male mice weighing $33{\pm}1.1\;g$ were randomly divided into three groups, one normal diet group (control, ND group) and two high fat diet groups with or without PEM supplement (HFD group and PEM group). The mice were fed the PEM experimental for 6 weeks and then they were sacrificed. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain, food efficiency ratio and body fat were decreased by the addition of PEM compared to those of HFD group. White adipose tissue weights of epididymal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal areas in the PEM group were reduced to 31.2%, 8.8%, and 37.8%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol in the PEM group were significantly lower than those of HFD group. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of PEM group were significantly lower compared with those of HFD group. From the above results, the PEM may be effective material for anti-obesity through reducing serum triglyceride and body fats as well as decreasing body weight.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2009

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\alpha$ and estrogen are believed to be involved in metabolic changes leading to obesity. To test this relationship, we divided female wildtype and PPAR$\alpha$-deficient mice fed on a high fat diet into the following groups: mock-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), and $E_2$-treated. The visceral white adipose tissue and plasma cholesterol levels were increased significantly in wild type OVX and decreased in the $E_2$-treated group, but interestingly not in PPAR$\alpha$-deficient mice. The mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue were also increased in only wild type OVX and decreased significantly in $E_2$-treated mice. These novel results suggest the possibility of signaling crosstalk between PPAR$\alpha$ and $E_2$, causing obesity in vivo.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.553-567
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• 2020

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Adipose tissues store and metabolize vitamin D and expression levels of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are known to be altered in obesity. Sequestration of vitamin D in large amount of adipose tissues and low vitamin D metabolism may contribute to the vitamin D inadequacy in obesity. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in adipose tissues and vitamin D regulates multiple aspects of adipose biology including adipogenesis as well as metabolic and endocrine function of adipose tissues that can contribute to the high risk of metabolic diseases in vitamin D insufficiency. We will review current understanding of vitamin D regulation of adipose biology focusing on vitamin D modulation of adiposity and adipose tissue functions as well as the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D regulates adipose biology. The effects of supplementation or maintenance of vitamin D on obesity and metabolic diseases are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 1994

The prevalence of obesity by measuring the amount of body fat and its related factors were investigated in 315 high school girls living in Seoul. Average body fat amount and body fat percentage measured by the body impedance analysis were 14.2$\pm$5.2kg and 25.9$\pm$7.0% respectively. Mean body mass index(BMI) was 2.1$\pm$2.7kg/m2 and 6.7% of the subjects showed over 25kg/m2 Correlative analysis reveal that the body fat percentage was significantly correlated to both relative body weight and BMI(r=0.66, P<0.01, r=0.68, P<0.01) Relative body weight of the subjects showed positive correlation to those of their mother and father. It was shown that many students skipped breakfast often and did not have a pleasant meal with enough time. There was no relationship between adiposity and dietary nutrient or energy intake. When subgroups of the subjects attending a non-vocational high school and those attending a vocational or technical school were compared obesity was more prevalent in the former. Therefore the burden caused by preparing the university entrance examination seems to play an important role in fat deposition.