• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.542-548
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• 2003

The present study was aimed to investigate whether glycyrrhizin, which is the major component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, has an antioxidant effect and regulatory effect on Na,K-ATPase in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats . It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, are main pathophysiological factor in gentamicin-induced ARF. Glycyrrhizin showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity, especially superoxide scavenging activity, in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma lipid peroxide level was restored to normal level by oral administration of glycyrrhizin (200 mg/kg) in the gentamicin-induced ARF rats. The expression of Na,K-ATPase α1 subunit was restored in the gentamicin-induced ARF rats by administration of glycyrrhizin, whereas β1 subunit was not restored. The renal functional parameters including urine volume, cleatinine clearance, urine osmolality, solute-free water reabroption were also partially restored in gentamicin-ARF rats by administration of glycyrrhizin. Taken together, the amelioration of renal functions and the expression of sodium pump by administration of glycyrrhizin in the gentamicin-induced ARF was appear to be mediated by the scavenging of ROS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on SP6, Sp9 and BL28 in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats. Methods : To induce experimental acute renal failure, uranyl acetate was intraperitoneally injected to rats by 5mg/kg. 3 days later moxibustion treatment was done at SP6, Sp9 and BL28 bilaterally of the rats. And then 4 days later, we measured rats' body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN, creatinine and serum electrolytic levels(Na, K and Cl). Results : In the SP6 group, serum BUN were significantly decreased (p<0.01). In the BL28 group, serum Na level were significantly decreased (p<0.05). In the $SP6{\cdot}SP9$ group, serum creatinine level were significantly increased but serum Na level, serum Cl level were significantly decreased(p<0.05). In the $SP6{\cdot}BL28$ group, hypertrophy index of kidney and serum creatinine level were significantly decreased(p<0.01) and serum BUN were marginally significantly decreased (0.1

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1728-1736
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify prognostic predictors of postoperative acute renal failure(ARF) for the patient undergoing cardiac surgery. Retrospectively review the electronic hospital database at a A hospital from Jan 2008 to Dec. 2011. 483 patients were included in this study. They were divided into a occurrence of ARF group(n=59) and a non occurrence of ARF group(n=424). ARF occurred in 59 cases (12.2%). Multi-variable logistic regression analysis identified that preoperative risk factors include creatinine(OR 3.92, p=<.001), advanced age(OR 2.142, p=.015), female(OR 2.165, p=.015), hypertension(OR 2.513, p=.005), NYHA(New York Heart Association) class II(OR 3.081, p=.003), and III(OR 6.759, p=.004), and intraoperative risk factor includes blood transfusion(OR 3.753, p=<.001), and postoperative factors include bilirubin(OR 4.541, p=.028), creatine(OR 8.554, p=.003), and cardiac output(OR 0.214, p=.033) as a prognostic predictors. The development of postoperative ARF could be a reason for increase in rate of complication and mortality after cardiac surgery. therefore the prevention of ARF is of paramount importance and treatment strategies are urgently needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.832-844
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of the traditional prescription, Taeksa-san(TSS). TSS has generally been used for treating various renal diseases, including renal failure. Methods : Three different dosages of TSS extract were orally administered once a day for 28 days, At the 23rd day after TSS extract treatment, cisplatin was also treated. Then, 5 days after cisplatin treatment, all the rats (6 groups of 8 rats each) were sacrificed. Changes in the body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed with changes on the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100mg/kg, of which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures are already confirmed. Results : Dramatic decrease of body weight, increase of kidney weight, increase of serum BUN and creatinine levels were detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. In addition, marked increase of kidney MDA contents and decrease of kidney GSH contents were also detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. This means that cisplatin-induced ARF is induced by oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these ARFs and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment with all three different dosages of TSS extracts. Conclusion : This study suggests that TSS extracts show favorable effects on cisplatin-induced rat ARF.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.588-593
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• 2002

Paraquat, one of the potent herbicides, causes fatal damage to many vital organs, when orally ingested, resulting in circulatory failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and a few other serious problems, but there is no known specific antidote against it. Of the possible problems related to paraquat intoxication, oliguric acute renal failure, which has been known to develop within 24 or 48 hours after intoxication, are notoriously life-threatening. So we attempted to investigate the clinical characteristics and progress of paraquat-induced acute renal failure and the therapeutic possibilities of herbal medicines. All of the fifteen subjects were treated with intravenous fluid injection of 5% dextrose saline or 10% dextrose water in conjunction with herbal medicines which were used for oral administration or gargling. Gamdutang, a decoction of Semen Glycin(黑豆 200g) and Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草 100g) with addition of other herbs when necessary, was administered orally. At the same time, gargling fluid, consisted of Chinese ink(墨汁), char-frying powder of Rhei Rhizoma(大黃炒炭末), Succus phyllostachyos(竹瀝), was used to detoxify the oral cavity. Serum levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) and Creatinine reached its peak on the third day of hospitalization, but then decreased and fell within the normal range on the 7th day and remained there. Serum levels of Na+ and K+ decreased down below the lower limits of normal range on the 7th day and on the 3rd day, respectively. Then they returned back within normal limits. Mean urine output on the 1st day of hospitalization was 1,050ml and it continuously increased to reach more than 2,000ml on the 14th day. From that day on, it stayed over 2,000ml. Fifteen cases of acute renal failure caused by paraquat intoxication were treated with combined treatments of oriental and western medicine in our hospital. However, we think that it is necessary to study further about the way to combine oriental and western medicine, to find out a more effective treatment method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 1998

A 56-year old female underwent total aortic arch replacement March 1995, because of an expanding chronic Debakey type I aortic dissection. This aortic dissection had an intimal tear at the origin of the right carotid artery. Retrograde and antegrade propagation of dissection resulted in aortic arch blood flow separation and expanding pseudolumen to the abdominal aorta. Sudden anuria(ARF) developed 3 hours later postoperatively and renal doppler ultrasonography and aortography showed diminished blood flow of renal arteries. We performed balloon aortic dilatation but failed. She could be restored good renal flow after intimal flap fenestration resection and thrombectomy of the abdominal aorta. This patient could be discharged in a state of mild CRF after 2 months of ICU care for respiratory and renal failure.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2021

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI), an important cause of acute renal failure (ARF), cause increased renal tubular injury. Jesaeng-sinkihwan (JSH) was recorded in a traditional Chines medical book named "Bangyakhappyeon (方藥合編)". JSH has been used for treatment of diabetes and glomerulonephritis with patients. Here we investigate the effects of Jesaeng-sinkihwan (JSH) in a mouse model of ischemic acute kidney injury. The animals model were divided into four groups at the age of 8 weeks; sham group: C57BL6 male mice (n=9), I/R group: C57BL6 male mice with I/R surgery (n=9), JSH Low group: C57BL6 male mice with surgery + JSH 100 mg/kg/day (n=9) and JSH High group: C57BL6 male mice with surgery + JSH 300 mg/kg/day (n=9). Ischemia was induced by clamping the both renal arteries during 25 min, and reperfusion was followed. Mouse were orally given with JSH (100 and 300 mg/kg/day during 3 days after surgery. Treatment with JSH significantly ameliorates creatinine clearance(Ccr), Creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in obtained plasma. . Treatment with JSH reduced kidney inflammation markers such as Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). JSH also reduced the periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining intensity and picro sirius red staining intensity in kidney of I/R group. These findings suggest that JSH ameliorates tubular injury including renal dysfunction in I/R induced ARF mouse.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2007

Purpose : We performed this study to determine the incidence of acute renal failure(ARF) in birth asphyxia and to correlate the severity of asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and ARF in asphyxiated neonates. Methods : Data was retrospectively collected from the medical records of 33 patients with neonatal asphyxia and of 33 neonates with no asphyxia. On the basis the 5-minute Apgar score, the asphyxiated neonates were further grouped into mild(6 or 7), moderate(4 or 5), and severe asphyxia(3 or less). Asphyxiated neonates with HIE were staged by the Sarnat and Sarnat scoring system. We compared serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, electrolytes, and urine output on day 3 of life and the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) between each group. Results : ARF occurred in 8(24.2%) asphyxiated neonates. Of these, 3(37.5%) were oliguric, while 1(10.0%) patient with mild asphyxia, 2(18.2%) of moderate asphyxia, and 5(41.7%) with of severe asphyxia had ARF(P>0.05). One(25%) patient with stage I HIE, 4(50%) with stage II HIE, and 3(75%) of HIE with stage III HIE developed ARF(P<0.01). There was no statistical correlation between the severity of asphyxia and HIE stage. One(7.7%) patient with grade 1 IVE, 0(0.0%) with grade 2 IVH, 2(66.7%) with grade 3 IVH, and 2(100.0%) with grade 4 IVH had ARF(P<0.01). Mortality was higher in asphyxiated neonates with ARF(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the oliguric and non-oliguric renal failure. Conclusion : We found that the greater the degree of HIE, the higher was the incidence of ARF. Asphyxiated neonates with ARF had a poorer prognosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.32-36
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• 2007

Background: Although acute renal failure (ARF) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is relatively rare, but devastating complication with high mortality. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of early application of CRRT in patients with ARF which developed after on-pump CABG. Material and Method: Two hundred and eighty seven patients underwent isolated on-pump CABG between May 2002 and Feb. 2006 at our institution, of whom 15 (5.2%) needed CRRT (11 patients for postoperatively developed ARF and the remaining 4 patients with preexisting dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure (CRF) for postoperative hemodynamic and metabolic control). Criteria for early application of CRRT were as follows; decreased urine output less than 0.5cc/h/kg for 2 consecutive hours and elevated serum creatinine level greater than 2.0 mg/dL. Result: The incidence of ARF requiring CRRT after on-pump CABG was 3.9% (11/283) and the overall hospital mortality of patient with CRRT was 33.3% (5/15). Of 5 deaths, 4 were patients with postoperatively developed ARF, and 1 was a patient with pre-existing dialysis-dependent CRF patient. The mean time between the operation and the initiation of CRRT was $25.8{\pm}5.8$ hours and the mean duration of CRRT was $62.1{\pm}41.2$ hours. Of the 7 survivors who were not on dialysis-dependent preoperatively, 6 patients fully recovered renal function during hospital stay and 1 patient required permanent renal supportive treatment after discharge from hospital. Conclusion: Early application of CRRT could maintain stable postoperative hemodynamic status and make outcomes better than those of previous reports in patients with ARF which developed after on-pump CABG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.494-501
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• 1998

From May 1, 1993 to May 31 1995, the authers studied retrospectively 211 patients who underwent cardiovascular operation with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Because we were interested in new development of ARF(prevalence, mortality rate, and main risk factors), we performed a multivariate statistical analysis about data of patients with preoperative serum creatinine values of less than 1.5 mg/dL. Normal renal function before operation(serum creatinine level less than 1.5 mg/dL) was registered in 198(74%) patients. Of these, 27(14%) patients showed postoperative renal complication, including 20(10%) patients classified as renal dysfunction(serum creatinine level between 1.5 and 2.5 mg/dL) and 7(4%) patients as acute renal failure(serum creatinine level higher than 2.5 mg/dL). The mortality rate was 5.8% in normal patients, 5% in patients with renal dysfunction, and 43% when acute renal failure developed(p=0.036). Indeed, the renal impairment proved to be an independent predictor of mortality(odd ratio 2.52∼11.25), along with cardiovascular(odd ratio 4.20) and respiratory(odd ratio 2.18) complications. Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent risk factors for postoperative renal impairment : advanced age(odd ratio 1), need for emergency operation(odd ratio 3.78), low-output syndrome(odd ratio 3.66), respiratory complication(odd ratio 1.30), need for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(odd ratio 1.4). The 13 patients(7%) with preoperative renal failure showed a significantly higher morbidity and mortality rate than those without renal complications before operation. We concluded that the likelihood of severe renal complications is resonably low in the patients undergoing cardiac operation without preexisting renal dysfunction, but associated mortality remains high. A prominant role of hemodynamic factor in the development of postoperative acute renal failure must be recognized during preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods.