• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2024

Soybean (Glycine max), a crucial global crop, experiences yearly yield reduction due to diseases such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) and root rot (Fusarium spp.). The use of fungicides, which have traditionally been employed to control these phytopathogens, is now facing challenges due to the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains. Streptomyces bacillaris S8 strain S8 is previously known to produce valinomycin t through a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathway. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of S. bacillaris S8 against C. truncatum and Fusarium sp., assessing its efficacy against soybean pathogens. The results indicate that strain S8 effectively controlled both above-ground and underground soybean diseases, using the NRPS and NRPS-related compound, suggesting its potential as a biological control in plant-microbe interactions. These findings underscore the pivotal role of the stain S8 in fostering healthy soybean microbial communities and emphasize the significance of microbiota structure studies in unveiling potent biocontrol agents.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The aim of study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of silk fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to different mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, silk fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60%(owf), the mordant was 3%(owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was $60~60^\circ{C}$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color, K/S values and durability of dye. The skin microorganisms used in this study was S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentatrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were added, K/S value of silk dyed was not improved much and surface color was 2.2Y to 8.8Y in H(hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to raddish yellow 2. The color fastness tests to light, perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and stain fabric washing show 4~5th degree which were valuated excellent. The color fastness to fade washing was improved to 3~4th degree by addition of $K_2CrO_7$ mordants. 3. Antibacterial activity of silk dyed using no-mordant as well as mordants was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S.epidermidis and P.acnes, but showed poor antibacterial activities on P.aeruginosa and E.coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antifungal activity of silk dyed with ethanol extracts was good on A.niger, C.candida and T.mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 gous in silk dyed mordanting with $SnCl_2\cdot{2H}_2O$.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Objective : The present study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory activity of an ethanol extract of Belamcandae Rhizoma (EBR) on the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis signal pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. Methods : Several experiments were performed in B16F10 melanoma cells. We studied tyrosinase activity, melanin content, cell-free tyrosinase activity and DOPA stain, and performed Western blots and RT-PCR for proteins and mRNA involved in melanogenesis. Results : ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced tyrosinase activity and melanin content were inhibited significantly by EBR. EBR markedly suppressed the protein expression level of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. On the other hand, the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and -2 (TRP-2; DCT) were not affected by EBR. To elucidate the mechanism of the depigmenting property of EBR, we examined the involvement EBR in cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signalling induced by ${\alpha}$-MSH. EBR did not regulate CREB phosphorylation and MITF expression by ${\alpha}$-MSH. Nevertheless, the mRNA expression of tyrosinase was significantly attenuated by EBR treatment without changes in the expression of TRP-1 and -2 mRNA. Conclusion : Our study suggested that EBR inhibits ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis by suppressing tyrosinase mRNA.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.169-176
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to set up the method of the natural killer(NK) cell activity assay using the flow cytometer and to examine the characteristics and distribution of the NK cell during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Forty five male 6 week-old specific pathogen free(SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the non-treated control and given normal diet and water. Group II was treated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.) and partial hepatectomy. Group III was treated with DEN, partial hepatectomy and 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in water from 3 to 16 weeks. All animals were examined the morphology of the large granular lymphocyte(LGL), the LGL percent of the total lymphocytes and the LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell in peripheral blood, spleen and liver. Moreover, activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using the flow cytometer. As results, LGL were observed in the peripheral blood, spleen and liver. LGL were observed the relatively faintly staining basophilic cytoplasm with granules, and eccentric, often kidney-shaped nuclei in Giemsa stain. Its size was $11{\sim}13{\mu}m$. LGL percentage of the isolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and liver were 1.8~2.3%, 1.3~1.4% and 0.87~0.99%, respectively. LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell was shown to be peripheral blood(9.3~10.3 %) > spleen(7.7~8.7%) > liver(5.6~7.0%). The activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes in Group I, II and III was 33.7%, 30.5% and 35.4%, respectively. However, all values were not significantly between groups.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권1호통권84호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1998

Trichoderma reesei QM 9414를 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine으로 처리하여 얻은 돌연변이주들을 여러 탄소원에서 배양했을 때 carboxymethylcellulose(CMC), fiter paper 등의 기질에 대한 활성측정결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 모균주가 catabolite repression을 받는 반면에 돌연변이주들의 cellulase 활성은 glucose를 탄소원으로 사용한 배지에서 모균주에 비해 CMCase 8.4배, FPase가 $5.4{\sim}5.7$배 증가함으로써 glucose-derepression성질을 갖는 돌연변이주들을 얻었으며 glucose를 탄소원으로 사용하고 lactose로 효소의 생산을 유도시켜본 결과 모균주에 비해 효소의 생산에 안정성을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며 돌연변이주 1이 상대적으로 더 우수한 돌연변이주로 나타났다. 돌연변이주들에 의해 생산된 효소는 모균주와 마찬가지로 pH 4.8, $60^{\circ}C$에서 최적활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

In this study, the extracellular metalloprotease from Serratia marcescens PPB-26 was purified to homogeneity via ethanol fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Thus, a 3.8-fold purification was achieved with a 20% yield and specific activity of 76.2 U/mg. The purified protease was a 50-kDa monomer whose optimum pH and temperature for activity were 7.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively; however, it was found to remain active in the 5-9 pH range and up to $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The protease had a half-life of 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$, an optimum reaction time of 10 min, and an optimum substrate (casein) concentration of 0.25%. Furthermore, the Michaelis constant ($K_m$) and reaction velocity ($V_{max}$) of the protease were calculated to be 0.28% and $111.11{\mu}moles/(min{\cdot}mg)^{-1}$, respectively. The protease was stable when subjected to metal ions (2 mM), showing increased activity with most (especially $CoCl_2$ and $MgSO_4$ (30.54% increase)). It was also stable when exposed to oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and detergents (5% v/v for 60 min). It retained 93% of its activity in non-ionic detergents (Tween-20, Tween-80, and Triton X-100). Moreover, wash performance analysis in commercial detergents (Ariel and Tide) showed that not only was the protease capable of protein stain removal, but also reduced cleaning time by 80% when added to detergents. Thus, the Serratia marcescens PPB-26 metalloprotease appears to be a promising new candidate as a laundry additive in the detergent industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2023

Protease is a widely used enzyme particularly in the detergent industry. In this research, we aimed to isolate alkaline protease-producing bacteria for characterization as a laundry detergent additive. The screening of alkaline protease production was investigated on basal medium agar plus 1% skim milk at pH 11, with incubation at 30℃. The highest alkaline protease-producing bacterium was 6BS15-4 strain, identified as Bacillus gibsonii by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. While the optimum pH was 12.0, the strain was stable at pH range 7.0-12.0 when incubated at 45℃ for 60 min. The alkaline protease produced by B. gibsonii 6BS15-4 using dairy effluent was characterized. The optimum temperature was 60℃ and the enzyme was stable at 55℃ when incubated at pH 11.0 for 60 min. Metal ions K⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Na⁺, and Zn²⁺ exhibited a slightly stimulatory effect on enzyme activity. The enzyme retained over 80% of its activity in the presence of Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Mn²⁺. Thiol reagent and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid did not inhibit the enzyme activity, whereas phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride significantly inhibited the protease activity. The alkaline protease from B. gibsonii 6BS15-4 demonstrated efficiency in blood stain removal and could therefore be used as a detergent additive, with potential for various other industrial applications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.694-702
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• 1995

Using the Korean red ginseng saponin, which is known to world-wide and thd effects of it have been investigated by many reserachers for years. Ginseng saponin, one of the major components of Korea ginseng root, has many various biologic effects, such as cytotoxic effect, tumorcidal activity, protein biosynthesis and membrane modifying effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of ginseng saponin on the alkaline phosphatase activity of ROS cells in culture. After ROS cells were seeded into a 96-well plate, 96-well plate cultured until confluence was obtained. To evaluate cytotoxic effect of total saponin in cultured ROS cells, the plates were added to each total saponin concentration (0-1mg/ml). After 48hr., cells were counted by stain with 0.2% trypan blue at randomly selected field microscopically. Also, to evaluate alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of total saponin in cultured ROS cell, the plate was added to each total saponin concentration (0-1mg/ml) and ALP activity was assayed. To evaluate time-course of ALP activity, $31.25{\mu}g/ml$ of saponin added to 96-well plate. After culture of 6, 12, 24 and 48hr., ALP activity test was performed. To evaluate effect of cycloheximide in ALP activity, 96-well plate was added to saponin and cycloheximide. In control group, the plate was added saponin only. The results were as follows. 1. After the various concentration of total saponin was added in the medium, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin showed cytotoxic effect of ROS(P<0.005). 2. In contrast to control group, 7.6, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5 and $250{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin increased ALP activity significantly. 3. Otherwise, 500 and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin decreased ALP activity significantly(P<0.005). 4. As the time span increases, $31.25{\mu}g/ml$ of total saponin increased ALP activity. 5. Cycloheximide decreased saponin-indueced ALP actitity in ROS(P<0.005). These results suggest that Ginseng total saponin stimulates the ALP activity of rat osteoblastic cells.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2000

In this research the results showed that Evans blue stain causes vascular permeation at antibody injection site by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) screening of octpus minor so we concluded. Octopus minor causes allergy. Psedosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei, Metapenaeus joyneri also showed allergenicity. Microwave and autoclaving appeared to reduced allergenicity(up to 99%) during the technological treatment processing. On the other hand, UV light didn't seem to change the protein structure of allergens affect the allergenicity. Therefore, the technological treatment processing of fish such as canning and microwave would possibly reduce the allergenicity. Among the ultrafiltration fraction of Octopus minor, Pseudosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei and Metapenaeus joyneri, those fraction over 100,000 contained allergen and those under 100,000 and when screening allergenic fish went through 10,000∼100,000 ultrafiltration, only the fraction of over 100,000 showed the anaphylactis activity for PCA. However whether screening fish would cause anaphylaxis in human or not is questionable. The future clinical experiment will verify this result with clinical experiment patients. 본 연구 결과로 낙지의 PCA검색으로써 항체주사 부위에 Evan's Blue 착색으로 인하여 vascular permation이 일어나 allergynicity 반응이 인정되므로 낙지는 allergy가 있다고 할 수 있다. 조기, 홍어, 새우도 역시 allergenicity성이 나타난 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 공정 중 microwave와 autoclaving은 4가지 수산식품 낙지, 조기, 홍어, 새우의 allergenicity를 현저히 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자외선은 단백질로 구성된 allergen의 구조는 크게 변화시키지 못하는 것으로 보여진 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 생선의 가공방법은 통조림 가공이나 microwave 처리가 allergenicity성을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 보여진다. 낙지, 조기, 홍어, 새우의 한외여과 fraction중 고분자인 100,000이상에서만 allergenicity가 나타났다. 따라서 이 allergen들의 분자량은 100,000 이상으로 추정되며 검색된 allergynicity 생선을 10,000∼100,000으로 한외여과 하였을 때 100,000 이상의 fraction에서만 PCA에 의해 allergenicity가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 그러나 이 검색된 생선이 anaphylaxis가 인간에게서까지도 반응할지는 의문이다. 이 연구의 결과는 차후 임상실험환자에 의하여 최종 검증되어야 한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1999

배추로부터 연부균을 분리하여 조사한 결과 Erwinia chrysanthemi(Ech)로 동정되었으며 분리균 Ech PY35는 CMCase, pectinase, pectate lyase, protease 활성은 있었으나 hemicellulase 활성은 없었다. 배추와 감자의 조직에서 $24{\sim}48$시간 이내에 연부증상을 일으키며, 배추 조직보다 감자 조직에서 연부증상의 발병 진행속도가 느린 편이었다. 전자현미경관찰 결과 병원균의 식물 조직 내의 침투가 확인되었으며 이들이 분비한 세포벽분해효소에 의한 식물조직의 연부현상도 관찰되었다. 분리균의 체내 및 체외효소를 분리하여 CMC-SDS-PAGE에 의한 CMCase 직접활성 염색법을 이용하여 5종류의 CMCase isozyme으로 추정되는 활성밴드를 관찰할 수 있었다. 체내분비효소로 48 kDa, 34 kDa, 31 kDa의 3종류, 체외분비효소는 50 kDa, 29 kDa 2종류로 확인되었다.