• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park. To this end, 1 dependent variable and 11 independent variables were set, and multiple regression analysis was applied to find correlation between variables and the model. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Among 11 independent variables abstracted to study suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park, as a result of analysis on correlation between suitable illuminance of a dependent variable and activity space by using dummy variables, activity type and illuminance by spaces the suitable illuminance required for an urban neighborhood park was much influenced by activity type, and the fact that the activity was not limited to a specific space. 2) As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variables influencing the suitable illuminance model of an urban neighborhood park were activity space, illuminance by spaces, seated activity, standing activity, and sporting activity. And, for relative contribution of independent variables to suitable illuminance, activity with sporting showed an importance 22 times higher than seated activity. When the central square(Sp_1) of activity spaces was set to reference category using dummy variables, it showed a contribution 52 times higher than sorting space(Sp_7) and the central square as the most important variable. 3) It was analyzed that suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood part was most influenced by sporting activity but the relative contribution of a sporting space where activity with sporting occurs was least in view of the function of the space. Very high illuminance is required to accept high activity, and if illuminance at a certain space becomes too high, it may influence the illuminance of other spaces, and may consequently have a negative effect on the suitable illuminance of an urban neighborhood park. The results of this study were mainly for teenagers and young adults in their twenties, so further concrete studies which consider gender and a wider age range are needed in the future. Based on subsequent study, suitable illuminance by spaces shall be suggested.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the design guidelines for the activity spaces in the skilled nursing facilities for the elderly through the investigation of the spatial characteristics and using behavior The researcher interviewed the staff regarding programs in 15 facilities, investigated and observed the use of the spaces from 15th of December, 2004 to 19th of February, 2005. The programs in facilities were categorized into human knowledge, arts, music, exercise, recreation, cooking gardening, religious and social activities, and those were peformed once to 4 times a day. They were conducted in the elderly individual rooms, lounges, program rooms, dining room, or(and) auditorium. The results of the study were as follows: First, investigating the activity spaces, the lounges and elderly individual rooms were mostly on the same floor so that the elderly had no big trouble in access to the lounge. The program rooms of the facilities in suburban and rural area were on the same floor as the elderly individual rooms and they were likely to combine with another usage, compared to those On city were mostly separated from the residence floor. Most of dining rooms and auditorium were on the basement or on the 1st floor. Second, in the programs by the activity spaces, elderly individual room and the program room were used more for the human knowledge and art programs with small group. The lounges were for recreation and social activities with (both of) small or(and) big group and dining rooms were mainly used for cooking programs. In auditorium, recreation, religious and social activity were performed with big group. Third, the individual rooms for the elderly had more capacity if those did not have any beds, but often had a trouble in making a passage way. The lounges needed to remove decorations and displayed furniture obstructing the passages and to arrange both of the western and eastern type of tables for the efficient use of the spaces. It took a long time in preparation of the furniture and other equipment if the program room was with another usage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 1995

All human spatial behavior and psychological stress are affected by the 'Privacy'of each space. This Paper deals with the theoretical review of 'privacy'concept and establishment of 'Privacy Model' that can be a useful design tool. 'Privacy Index(Pl)' model of 10 point scale, which is based on 'Hierarchic system of Privacy' in urban spaces by Chermeyeff and Alexander(1963), was established as a hypothetical model in this study. And'Activity Suitability', based on each hierarchy of primacy level, was investigated at each site to construct the validity of 'Privacy Model'. Total 67 sites were investigated by on.-site questionnaire in 3 types of outdoor spaces, (Park), (Campus), and (Garden) respectively. The major results are as follows; 1. The P7rivacy level of earth spaces, distributed from to in and . and (Groun Private> spaces are dominant In , spaces are dondnant 2, Privacy level, based on , showed higher privacy level than that of . This means the criteria of each privacy level should be modified for more specific space. The . could be derived from the (Activity Suitability) of each space. 3.The cognition of privacy level. by user group, showed no significant difference in dach group by sex, age, education, and job, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

In this study, 1 dependent variable and 9 independent variables were established to examine suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks in consideration of night users' psychological reactions and activity types. Such fixed variables were evaluated by a series of experiments of changing illuminance, and correlation among those variables was verified by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to suggest suitable illuminance by spaces. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The independent variables influencing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks were directly influenced rather by the psychological reaction of night users than the activity types by spatial functions. 2) Securing suitable illuminance by spaces commonly increased spatial availability, created certain atmosphere, and provided safety in the psychological reaction of night users. 3) Suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks is: Central square is 31.88lx, resting space 6.30lx, exercising space 33.14lx, children's playground 14.19lx, pedestrian road 12.29lx, entry space 16.30lx, and green space 7.03lx. That is, when a place had more positive activities, spatial illuminance was increased. 4) Though comparison by spaces with the illuminance standard for urban parks as mentioned in KS A 3011-1993 can not be made, such illuminance was relatively compatible with the permissible range of illuminance in the author's opinion. It is expected that this study investigating suitable illuminance by spaces for night use in urban parks, will provide necessary knowledge for securing suitable illuminance by spaces in urban parks through classifyingin detail the illuminance standard of KS A 3011-1993. Besides, by helping make us aware of the importance of illuminance in urban parks as well as of external space in the night, this study will contribute to academic research and development in the field of landscape architecture and associated fields and be utilized in establishing legal and institutional standards.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

As the information age matures, the learning style of youth is changing rapidly. Students study at a variety of places such as cafe or lobbies utilizing various digital learning devices. Along with the place changes, learning methods are also changing. Student-centered learning methods such as smart learning, collaborative learning, and activity-based learning are increasingly being utilized instead of the traditional instructor-centered learning in which knowledge is unilaterally delivered. Accordingly, many universities are remodeling central libraries, and they are also transforming lobby spaces of the college buildings into simple but useful learning spaces. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of learning spaces in universities from the standpoint of the students. According to the analysis, overall satisfaction is high in terms of comfortable physical learning environments such as Wi-Fi, furniture, lighting, etc. But the spaces are still optimized for individual and intensive learning. There seems to be a lack of effort to support collaborative learning or activity-based learning. This observation is confirmed by the characteristics of the central library, and it is considered that the reason why the college buildings are preferred by students is that college buildings are more suitable for collaborative or activity-based learning than libraries.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.513-525
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze physical characteristics, spatial composition, and using behavior of lounges in elderly skilled nursing facilities as spaces for activity programs and also to evaluate the spaces with the framework based on the indices for performing activity programs in elderly facilities. The results of the study were as follows: First, the lounge of an independent type ensured the privacy to perform programs, and so activities were managed more systematically. On the other hand, an expanded corridor type made the elderly feel difficult to pay attention to activities due to co-use of lounges and corridors. In a lounge of a hall type, the elderly had easy access to the place, but it also had weak home-like atmosphere because the space was used as a lobby entrance. Second, the facilities with western types of tables in whole lounges showed big changes in spatial composition, such as moving all the tables for any activities. It resulted in more preparation time and created obstacles in passages and space use. Third, in the evaluation of lounges based on the framework, most of lounges had accessibility of good quality, but they needed to improve home-like atmosphere and flexibility. To create home-like atmosphere, various spatial compositions and classifications in the lounge should be tried. Moreover, enough space and easy movable furniture can be considered for flexible spatial compositions.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

Being able to enjoy leisure time for adolescents is a necessary activity, for it helps them relieve their anxiety and stress and develop their potential. It is necessary to incorporate such spaces in the housing plans in advance and support diverse community activities. The current living spaces do not hold proper spaces and facilities for community activities appropriate for adolescents. Community facilities should be planned so as to reflect the needs of these adolescents, based on a clear survey in advance. The current study has conducted a survey to find out about the level of satisfaction and requests from adolescents on the leisure facilities their current living spaces hold. Based on this prior research, this study looks for solutions that could solve the issue at hand. The current community facilities are not convenient to support a diversity of leisure activities to the adolescents. The community facilities should be able to supplement information on the various activities put in place for the youth and widely supply the programs in demand. Furthermore, the adolescents wanted to form their own community within the facilities to practice their leisurely activities. We can safely assume that the youth's desire for more community amenities will increase for their own development.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to examine residents' needs for shared community spaces and to explore the relationships between these needs and characteristics of consumers such as age and employment status of the homemakers, family life cycle stage, occupation of the primary income provider, housing size, and homeownership. Statistical data were compiled to determine frequencies and percentage distributions, and subjected to General Linear Model and Duncan-test analysis.Most residents wanted to utilize the basements of their complexes for storage space. Further interest was shown for shared community spaces that would be run by residents themselves, such as vegetable gardens, indoor playgrounds for children, senior citizen's activity rooms, walking paths, study rooms, and lounges. Female residents under 45 years old were likely to express needs for storage spaces for bicycle, and multipurpose rooms for meetings and family events. Female residents with jobs were more likely to desire shared community spaces than full-time females residents were. These findings imply the need for consideration of diverse plans rather than uniform ones. This results can be usefully applied to develop new apartment housing for different social class residents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4853-4862
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• 2012

In Modern Cities, The 'Cultural spaces or facilities' are the core of the urban activity. And it is the field of urban life which can improve the quality of life and change the human's life style. Also in Contemporary society, Cultural spaces are required to express the social and psychological activity of the city life and the diversity and function of human beings. But most of them are located in the Metropolitan area. In these days, the needs of cultural spaces and facilities in 'Medium sized-cities' are growing. And many development plans are working in practice in that cities to accede to these requirements of social, human and current of the times. They include the exhibition spaces which perform function of the field of art and culture, that have powerful and infinite potentiality of the social development. At this Point, this study suggest that 'Optimum level' of exhibition spaces as Museum and Art-gallery in Medium sized-cities. To achieve this study, two phases are proceeded as follows. First, Check the social needs of it based on theoretical inquiry of Exhibition space. Second, Focused on Medium sized-cities, through a comparison between 12 Domestic cities and 4 Japan's cities. A population of their cities is from 500,000 to 1,000,000. We can get a data for Optimum level of Exhibition space. And last, Suggest the strategies of the location and planning of Exhibition space based on Second phase.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.108-116
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• 2014

Postmodernism, a cultural movement which occurred in the mid-20th century, avoided functional form, one of the features of modernism, and pursued post-rational and post-centric pluralistic thought which puts human emotions in importance. Postmodernism set a high value on emotional instincts of humans and focused on creation of empathy. It includes scepticism of rationalism and indicates the significance of emotional and psychological instincts of humans, or 'emotions'. Along with the big change in that time, more dynamic and unprecedented indoor spaces had appeared. Nigel Coates, who had taken various kinds of artistic activity from the early 1980s to the late 1990s, had tried to make a new approach of objet-focused emotional spaces. Such an approach made in the time when science and technology had rapidly developed and social structure had changed was considerably fresh, liberal, and futuristic. He interpreted spaces by escaping from realistic intentions and communicating with drawings, and designed object-focused emotional spaces by actively employing objets on the basis of ideas. He tried to make emotional sharing between the public and spaces through objet, and showed unique spaces in his own way by reinterpreting the meanings of spaces and stimulating human emotion. This study was intended to look into his artworks to show his way of approaching objets, and to find an application plan and the future possibility of the plan.