• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.495-508
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• 2017

Today, MMS (Mobile Mapping System) uses the strengths of individual sensor technologies on a variety of platforms to increase the efficiency of geospatial data collection. In this paper, we analyzed the market size and technology trend of mobile mapping market in Korea and abroad, and analyzed frequency, trend, and characteristics of MMS related patents. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, it is expected that the domestic and overseas mobile mapping market will continue to grow in the future, and MMS-related technologies and applications are rapidly developing. Active research and development investment is required to preoccupy future market through technology development and patent competition. Second, the frequency of filing domestic patents is highly correlated with the results of national R&D, and industrial patent applications are highly related to national projects. It is analyzed as the result of introduction of preemptive technologies and research and development of companies for preemption in related industry rather than market development. Lastly, in Korean geospatial information industry survey, It is necessary to maintain the data so that it can be compared with the data of foreign institutions. In particular, statistical data that can grasp the market size in terms of geospatial information utilization and technical aspects are desperately needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2010

Image-based traffic information collection systems have entered widespread adoption and use in many countries since these systems are not only capable of replacing existing loop-based detectors which have limitations in management and administration, but are also capable of providing and managing a wide variety of traffic related information. In addition, these systems are expanding rapidly in terms of purpose and scope of use. Currently, the utilization of image processing technology in the field of traffic accident management is limited to installing surveillance cameras on locations where traffic accidents are expected to occur and digitalizing of recorded data. Accurately recording the sequence of situations around a traffic accident in a freeway and then objectively and clearly analyzing how such accident occurred is more urgent and important than anything else in resolving a traffic accident. Therefore, in this research, existing technologies, this freeway attribute, velocity changes, volume changes, occupancy changes reflect judge the primary. Furthermore, We pointed out by many past researches while presenting and implementing an active and environmentally adaptive methodology capable of effectively reducing false detection situations which frequently occur even with the Gaussian Mixture model analytical method which has been considered the best among well-known environmental obstacle reduction methods. Therefore, in this way, the accident was the final decision. Also, environmental factors occur frequently, and with the index finger situations, effectively reducing that can actively and environmentally adaptive techniques through accident final judgment. This implementation of the evaluate performance of the experiment road of 12 incidents in simulated and the jang-hang IC's real-time accident experiment. As a result, the do well detection 93.33%, false alarm 6.7% as showed high reliability.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2000

Studies are needed to determine the standard norms for sleep/activity patterns in new born baby and there have been no established reports of discrepancy of sleep/activity patterns in new born baby among various races. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA(Nursing Child Assessment Sleep Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the new born baby, and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of new born baby. The subjects of this study were 38 normal new born baby who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in pusan from January 1 to April 28, 2000. They all agreed to participate in this study. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic data, birth hi story, and general informations concerning the infant, mother and family. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean. standard deviation, frequency, and percentage by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 10.23 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.53 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 15.77 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 4.49 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 49.69%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 66.98%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 55.81%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 3.09 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 6.12 hours. The mean amount of nighttime awake periods was 2.11 hours. The mean amount of daily total awake periods was 8.23 hours. The mean of the longest awake periods was 3.76 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.71 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.65 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 8.36 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 62.50%. 4. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.36 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.64 hours. In conclusion, The new born baby slept more during the daytime compare than nighttime and more active during the daytime. On the other hand. although nighttime sleeping the length of the mother was normal, but sleep was interrupted by the infant over 3 times on average. Therefore this research study will contribute to nursing practice and nursing research by its implication through postnatal educational nursing programs at hospital and nursing intervention programs that would help individual caring of early infant mothers at home.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically self-organizing in arbitrary and temporary network topologies without the use of any existing network infrastructure. The AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) Protocol is one of the typical reactive routing protocols, in that mobile nodes initiate routing activities only in the presence of data packets in need of a route. In this paper, we focus upon the local repair mechanism of AODV. When a link is broken, the upstream node of the broken link repairs the route to the destination by initiating a local route discovery process. The process involves the flooding of AODV control messages in every node within a radius of the length from the initiating node to the destination. In this paper, we propose an efficient local repair scheme for AODV called AFLRS (AODV-based Fast Local Repair Scheme). AFLRS utilizes the existing routing information in the intermediate nodes which have been on the active route to the destination before a link break occurs. AFLRS can reduce the flooding range of AODV control messages and the route recovery time because it can repair route through the intermediate nodes. For the performance evaluation of the proposed AFLRS, we have simulated the local repair mechanisms by using NS2 and AODV-UU. The performance results show that AFLRS can achieve faster route recovery than the local repair mechanism of AODV.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1989

A pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis to human and experimental animals. This infection is rare, but the mortality is very high. Nowadays, drug treatment or active immunization of human or mice are being tried with partial effectiveness. This study shows passive immunization effect by transfer of immunized spleen cells, serum, or milk from immunized mother in mouse experimental model. Young BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with $2~3{\times}10^{6}$ trophozoites of N. fowleri, and spleen cells and sera were collected for injection to recipient mice. There were seven transfer groups, i.e., immunized mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, normal mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, and control group. Three days later, BALB/c mice were inoculated with $1{\times}10^{4}$ trophozoites of N. fowleri intranasally. After infection, decreased mortality ana prolonged survival time of mice were noted in immunized Bloops compared with non.immuniBed control group. The groups Injected with immunized spleen cells or normal serum shewed lower moltality than that of controls bult showed no changes of Serum IgG level. The groups injected with immunized serum or normal spleen cells showed increased serum IgG level after immunization but hundred percent mortality was observed. Mother mice were ifnfnunised increperitqneeliy with $2~3{\times}10^{6}$ trephozoites of N. fowleri at the end of pregnancy and weaning Period. Soon after the delivery, Jitters born of non-immunszed mother were matched with immunized mother for feeding immune milk. After three weeks, the litters were infected with $1{\times}10^{4}$ trophozeites of N. fowleri or sacrificed for serum collection to measure the IgG levels. The results show that anti-JV. fowleri IgG from mother was transferred to litter through milk but this IgG did not inauence the mortality or survival time of the infected mice.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2007

In order to compare the correlation of radioactivity ratio between the radwaste streams and the primary coolant of PWR NPPs, A RCS sampling kit was installed to primary coolant system for the collection of the radionuclides during the normal operation of NPPs. RCS samples were collected from PWR type of domestic NPPs through 2004 to 2005, and pretreated with acid microwave digestion or leaching method to assay quantitatively of several interesting radionuclides. The radioactivity ratios of $^{137}Cs\;to\;^{60}Co$ in a filter cartridge and a resin cartridge were 2.3E-2 and 7.3E-1, respectively. At a same period of the reactor operating cycle, the radioactivity ratios of $^{137}Cs\;to\;^{60}Co$ were 6.3E-1 for a evaporator bottom, 6.7E-1 for a spent resin, and 5.6E-2 for a dry active waste, so that these radwaste streams were identified as having similar characteristics with the corresponding RCS samples.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.550-558
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• 2014

The purposes of the study are to introduce and apply an activity that can help improve student-initiated learning on the TOEIC Speaking Test (TOEICST) performance and to see students' attitude toward the activity. Twenty-eight university students in Chungcheong province engaged in learning based on this activity. In the present study, the activity proposed by McCormick and Vercellotti (2013) and Stillwell, Curabba, Alexander, Kidd, Kim, Stone, & Wyle (2010) was modified and adapted[14][19]. The outline of the Task Recording Activity (TRA) consisted of three steps: preparation step, Task Recording Activity step, and evaluation step. As data collection of the study, a survey and students' journal were utilized and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that student-initiated learning activity could be applied positively not only in communicative lessons, but in TOEICST specific lessons as well. Additionally, participants showed positive attitudes toward self-transcription and self-correction. Some implications of the study are that the TRA can be applied to generate autonomous learners studying for the TOEIC Speaking Test, that the guideline for different proficiency can be developed to help them improve their self-reflection, and that students need to have an active attitude to lead their own learning.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2014

The recent keyword advertising does not reflect the individual customer searching pattern because it is focused on each keyword at the aggregate level. The purpose of this research is to observe processes of customer searching patterns. To be specific, individual deal-proneness is mainly concerned. This study incorporates location as a control variable. This paper examines the relationship between customers' searching patterns and probability of purchase. A customer searching session, which is the collection of sequence of keyword queries, is utilized as the unit of analysis. The degree of deal-proneness is measured using customer behavior which is revealed by customer searching keywords in the session. Deal-proneness measuring function calculates the discount of deal prone keyword leverage in accordance with customer searching order. Location searching specificity function is also calculated by the same logic. The analyzed data is narrowed down to the customer query session which has more than two keyword queries. The number of the data is 218,305 by session, which is derived from Internet advertising agency's (COMAS) advertisement managing data and the travel business advertisement revenue data from advertiser's. As a research result, there are three types of the deal-prone customer. At first, there is an unconditional active deal-proneness customer. It is the customer who has lower deal-proneness which means that he/she utilizes deal-prone keywords in the last phase. He/she starts searching a keyword like general ones and then finally purchased appropriate products by utilizing deal-prone keywords in the last time. Those two types of customers have the similar rates of purchase. However, the last type of the customer has middle deal-proneness; who utilizes deal-prone keywords in the middle of the process. This type of a customer closely gets into the information by employing deal-prone keywords but he/she could not find out appropriate alternative then would modify other keywords to look for other alternatives. That is the reason why the purchase probability in this case would be decreased Also, this research confirmed that there is a loyalty effect using location searching specificity. The customer who has higher trip loyalty for specificity location responds to selected promotion rather than general promotion. So, this customer has a lower probability to purchase.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

This study is a descriptive study which was done to examine the circumstances surrounding burn accidents in children in order to develop a burn prevention program. The subjects for the study were the mothers of 107 children admitted to two burn specialty hospitals in seoul and the mothers of 172 healthy children attending day care or kindergarten. The tool used in the study was developed by the researchers, pretested and refined. Cronbach's alpha was 0.72. Data collection was done between November 1995 and April 1996. Statistically analysis was done using SAS Version 6.04 and the data was analyzed using test, chi square, regression and logistic analysis. A suumary of the results shows the following : Eighty percent of the children in both groups lived in nuclear families but comparatively more of the children with burn accidents lived in apartments. More of the parents in the group of healthy children had university education and held white collar or professional jobs, while the parents of the children with burn accidents were slightly younger than the parents of the healthy children. but not significantly younger. A significantly greater number of families of children with burn accidents had more than one child and the characteristics of the children with burn accidents that they were more frequently boys, either first or last born and very active. Most of the burn accidents occurred in fall or winter. sometime between noon and midnight and the majority occurred in the home and were caused by hot liquid. In 86% of the cases emergency care was not given at home but the child was brought to the hospital emergency unit. Most of the burns were second degree or greater. involved the arms or legs. required admission, and 41.5% occurred when the parents were preparing or eating meals. In a test of knowledge of preventive measures, the mothers of children who had suffered burn accidents scored slightly higher than the mothers who had no experience with burn accidents, but this was not statistically significant. As to what to do in the case of a fire, the mothers of the healthy children had more knowledge about who to notify. but 70% of the mothers in both groups did not know how to escape from the house if it was of fire. 80 to 96% did not know what do to in case of a fire, such as rolling if clothes were on fire. 80% did not know what emergency care to give for a burn, and 74 to 87% did not know when it is appropriate to try to put out a fire. It can be concluded from this study that. since the results show that the most frequent situation which resulted in burn accidents was when the parents were not aware of the danger of burns or were not paying attention to the child. and when there were no protective devices to prevent burns. and that accidents most frequently occurred at home. the most effective way of preventing accidents is to develop in the parents a "safety mind", Since burn accidents in children are usually more severe than in adults. the physical. emotional. psychological and social damage is greater. In order to develop and awareness of this in the general public. the use of mass media. books and pamphlets and other educational media that provide education on prevention of burn accidents need to be utilized.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.626-635
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills in nursing students. Participants were 318 nursing students who haven't had clinical practice experiences to the point of data collection in two universities in B and U cities. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff? test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The mean scores of self-directed learning ability, satisfaction with practicum, and confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills were $3.38{\pm}0.40$, $3.93{\pm}0.59$, and $3.40{\pm}0.61$, respectively. Correlations were found between confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills and self-directed learning ability (r=.289, p<.001) and satisfaction with practicum (r=.353, p<.001), and between self-directed learning ability and satisfaction with practicum (r=.393, p<.001). Factors influencing the confidence in the performance of fundamental nursing skills were satisfaction with practicum (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), self-directed learning ability (${\beta}=.15$, p=.010), and attitude to practicum participation (${\beta}=.13$, p=.027). These factors explained 15.6% of the variance in the participants' confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills. Therefore, effective nursing educational programs need to be developed in order to foster confidence in the performance of fundamental nursing skills of nursing students by enhancing self-directed learning ability, satisfaction with practicum and active attitude to practicum participation.