• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.462-468
• /
• 1994

Hot aqueous extracts of 130 herbal medicines were screened for platelet activating factor (PAE) receptor binding antagonistic activity using rabbit platelet. The results suggested that 4 medicinal plants including Biota orientalis are potential sources of PAF antagonists.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.47 no.7
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2014

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic bioactive peptide that was first isolated from an ovine hypothalamus in 1989. PACAP belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) superfamily. PACAP is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurotrophic factor via three major receptors (PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2). Recent studies have shown a neuroprotective role of PACAP using in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we briefly summarize the current findings on the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of PACAP in different brain injury models, such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will provide information for the future development of therapeutic strategies in treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2021

Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene phytochemical found in rosemary and sage with reported anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosol on the lineage commitment of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Interestingly, carnosol stimulated the early commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblasts in dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. On the other hand, carnosol significantly suppressed adipogenesis of mBMSCs and downregulated both early and late markers of adipogenesis. Carnosol showed to induce osteogenesis in a mechanism mediated by activating BMP signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of BMPs downstream osteogenic target genes. In this context, treatment of mBMSCs with LDN-193189, BMPR1 selective inhibitor showed to abolish the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP2-induced osteogenesis. In conclusion, our data identified carnosol as a novel osteoanabolic phytochemical that can promote the differentiation of mBMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes by activating BMP-signaling.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2022

Pheromone biosynthesis in the pheromone gland is triggered from release of pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) synthesized in the suboesophageal ganglion. PBAN binds to its receptor on the epithelial cell membrane and activates signal transduction pathways for the pheromone biosynthesis. This study reviews sex pheromone, PBAN and its receptor, and pheromone biosynthesis pathway of Maruca vitrata.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.91-112
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the elements of activating happiness education suggested by Noddings is reflected in the Home Economics part of Middle School Technology-Home Economics Textbook Volume 2 of 2009 Curriculum Revision. The introduction style of unit, sub-unit, and small chapter, the objectives, the body contents, the activity resources, the tables/diagrams/pictures, the supplementry and advancedl materials, and the wrap-up and evaluation of sub-unit and units of Home Economics part of Technology Home Economics textbook volume 2 were analyzed. Noddings suggested the elements for activating happiness education in five areas of personal life sector including 'home making', 'place and nature', 'parenting', 'chracter and spiriual experiences', and 'growth of interpersonal relationships' and two areas of public one including 'preperation for work' and 'community, democracy and voluntary activities'. The specific elements in seven sectors of activating happiness education were extracted using the content analysis. How the elements of those suggested by Noddings were reflected in the various parts of the textbook were analyzed in terms of the closeness of approaches, contents, and procedures between Noddings's and textbook. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The degree to which the elements of activating happiness education were reflected in the textbook differed by each unit. The elements of activating happiness education were reflected the most frequently in the unit of 'Unit of Practice of Eco-friendly Family Life' and the least frequently in the unit of 'Unit of Career and Life Planning'. 2. The Home Economics units of Technology Home Economics textbooks 1&2 reflects the factors of personal life and public life that Noddings suggested for activating happiness. However, personal life-related factors are relatively more reflected in the units than the public life-related factors. 3. Although the elements of activating happiness education were generally reflected in all the elements of a textbook, these elements were relatively more reflected in the Unit Introduction, Sub-unit Introduction, Chapter and Introduction, Objectives, body contents and tables/diagrams/pictures.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2003

The production characteristics of activated carbon from waste walnut shell have been investigated by taking activation temperature, activation time, amount of activating agent, and kind of activating agent as the major influential factors. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon which was produced using phosphoric acid as the activating agent increased with activation temperature and showed its greatest value at about $550^{\circ}C$. Yield for activated carbon was observed to decrease continuously as the activation temperature was raised. The optimal activation time for the highest adsorption capacity was found to be about 2 hr, and as the activation time increased the yield for activated carbon was showed to decrease continuously. The increase in the amount of activating agent resulted in the increase of the yield for activated carbon, however, excessive amount of activating agent deteriorated its adsorption capacity reversely. The variations of the microstructure of activated carbon observed by SEM with several influential factors, correlated very well with its changes in the adsorbability with the same factors and the kind of activating agent was found to play an important role in the determination of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. To investigate the adsorption characteristics of the produced activated carbon, the adsorption reactions of $Cu^{2+}$ ion were examined using the produced activated carbon as the adsorbent. In general, the kinetics of the adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ ion was observed to follow a 2nd-order reaction and the rate constant for adsorption reaction increased as the initial concentration of adsorbate was diminished. The equilibrium adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ was explained well with Freundlich model and its adsorption reaction was found to be endothermic. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 13.07 kcal/mol, which implied that the adsorption reaction was very irreversible, and several thermodynamic parameters of adsorption reaction were estimated using van't. Hoff equation and thermodynamic relationships.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2006

Disturbance of antioxidant system is very common in chronic alcoholics and herbal or natural products with antioxidant activity have been used for its treatment. This study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract(S), Taraxacum officinale extract(T), Gardenia jasminoides extract(G), Angelica acutiloba extract(A) and Paeonia japonica extract(P), and their combinations on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet(ED) and were then given different herbal extract mixtures for 6 weeks including VST(V 100+S 150+T 150mg/kg/day), VSG(V 100+S 150+G 150mg/kg/day), VTG(V 100+T 150+G 150mg/kg/day), and VAP(V 100+A 150+P 150mg/kg/day). When the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were compared between ED only group and herbal extracts treatment group, the differences were statistically significant. Phase I and II(glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) enzyme activities were found to be significantly higher in the VAT treatment group compared to the ED group. Herbal extracts not only repressed the ethanol-induced elevation of malondialdehyde level, but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease in glutathione content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The administration of the herbal extracts was found to be effective in eliminating lipid-peroxides induced by long-term consumption of alcohol by activating various enzyme systems and physiological active compound formation system. After a chronic consumption of alcohol, Angelica Radix protected the liver via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system, and Paeoniae Radix via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system. Taraxaci Herba was also effective in liver protection via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system, Gardeniae Fructus via activating the phase II-metabolism enzyme system and the anti-oxidation system enzyme, and Schisandra Fructus and a grapestone via activating the anti-oxidation system. Our data suggest that these herbal extracts may be useful as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 1997

The purposes of this study are to explain the need of family therapy service in Korea to explain the realities and problems of family welfare policy, family therapy institutions and family therapist of Korea and to suggest several ways in terms of family welfare policy family therapy institutions and family therapist for activating family therapy service. One of the most important factors to activate family therapy service is the financial support of government for family therapy service.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 1997

The present study was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism which dictates the transcription regulation of the $O^6$-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously we identified one possible upstream repressing sequence (URS) in MGMT promoter by promoter deletion and competition analysis. In this paper we report another regulatory element (UAS: upstream activating sequence. -213 to -136) which affects the transcription activity of MGMT promoter. Gel mobility shift assay and Southwestern blot analysis using UAS probe showed several specific proteins which were able to bind to this sequence.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.10-13
• /
• 1995

As a continuation of the previous studies, a third group of thirty five hot aqueous extracts from natural products were screened for platelet activating factor(PAF) receptor binding antagonistic acitivities using rabbit platelet. The results demonstrate that Arctium lappa is potential source of PAF antagonist.