• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : Aconitine is one of the toxic components of aconitum species. This study was carried out to evaluate gene expressions of herbal prescriptions containg aconitum species and oriental medicinal plants of aconitum species. Methods : We have measured gene expressions in the liver of aconitine, Aconitum carmichaeli DEBX., Aconitum ciliare DC. Yong Ho Whan using Sprague-Dawley rat. Gene expression in rat liver has been analyzed using codelink 10k microarray. Results : 1. Genes up-regulated over than 4 fold were 118 and down-regulated less than 4 fold were 91 in aconitine 50 ${\mu}g/kg/day$ over control. 2. Genes up-regulated of over than 4 fold were 124 and down-regulated less than 4 fold were 98 in Aconitum ciliare DC. 4g/kg/day and 169 of over than 4 fold, and 110 of less than 4 fold for Aconitum carmichaeli DEBX. 4g/kg/day, respectively. 3. Regulated genes in treatment group of Aconitum carmichaeli DEBX, Aconitum ciliare DC. and aconitine was only 2 different genes, Sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1 and Lin-7 homolog b (C. elegans). Conclusions : Gene expression profiles in liver were different among aconitine, Aconitum carmichaeli DEBX., Aconitum ciliare DC. and herbal prescription YongHo-whan. Furthermore, we can find many new genes related with effects of aconitum species.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.32-34
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• 1968

Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI "geu-neul-dol-che-gi"(Ranunculaceae), is geographically distributed only in Korea. An aconite collected at Mt. Dukwoo, Kangwon-Do flowers with white color in October. The aconite is different from Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI from the point of anatomical and morphological views in transplanted and collected aconites. Being a new variety of Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI, this aconite is anounced under the name of Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI var. albiflorum CHUNG et RIM, "Hin-geu-neul-dol-che-gi" called in Korea. Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI var. albiflorum CHUNG et RIM Differt a planta Aconitum Uchiyamai NAKAI per colorem album.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2011

Various aneuploidy and polyploidy have been reported in the genus Aconitum L. (ca. 300 species worldwide, Ranunculaceae), and there is a demonstrated association between major lineage diversification and polyploidy. This study reports chromosome counts of eight Aconitum from Korea, including the first counts for A. japonicum Thunb. subsp. napiforme ($H. L{\acute{e}}v.$ & Vaniot) Kadota (2n = 32) and A. longecassidatum Nakai (2n = 16). The study also includes chromosome numbers for two taxa on the Critically Endangered species list in Korea. Among Korean native species, chromosome numbers in Aconitum subgenus Aconitum range from 2n = 16 to 2n = 64 with diverse levels of polyploidy (2x, 4x, and 8x), whereas Aconitum subg. Lycoctonum exhibits only diploids (2n = 16). Greater chromosome number diversity in subg. Aconitum than subg. Lycoctonum might explain higher species diversity within the former subgenus (more than 250 species worldwide). Investigating chromosome number diversity of Aconitum in a phylogenetic framework will be a critical step to understand species richness of the genus.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.157-168
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• 2002

Aconites distribute widely in northern hemispere of the earth reaching to arctic zone from warm and temperate one. Chinese crude drug 'Cho O'(草烏) has been used as a remedy for apoplexy, dyspepsia, neuralgia, chronic rheumatis etc. Though the botanical origin of the crude drug has been considered to be Aconitum species of Ranunculaceae, there has been no confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of Cho O, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of Aconitum species growing in Korea, i.e. A. chiisanense, A. ciliare, A. jaluense, A. napiforme, A. proliferum, A. pseudoproliferum and A. triphyllum were studied. As the result, Cho O was proved to be the roots of Aconitum triphyllum, A. jaluense, A. chiisanense and A. napiforme.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1987

Two diterpene alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum napiforme which is a native plant in Korea, and identified as hypaconitine and mesaconitine by UV, IR, MS and NMR data.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1988

$Two\;C_{19}-diterpene\;alkaloids$ were isolated from the root of Aconitum psedolaeve var. erectum Nakai, and identified as lycoctonine and septentriodine by UV, IR, MS and NMR data.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-180
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• 1988

A diterpene alkaloid and a disaccharide were isolated from root of Aconitum uchiyamai, and identified as mesaconitine and sucrose respectively by UV, IR, MS, and NMR data.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.678-683
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• 2008

Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum has traditionally been used for the treatment of water retention in the body. Administration of the aqueous extract of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum has the efficiency of anti-inflammatory activity and modulates the intestinal immune system. However, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum has not been clarified yet. In the present study, the effect of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum against LPS-stimulated expressions of COX-2 and iNOS in cells of the murine RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), PGE2 immunoassay, and NO detection. The results of the present study indicate that Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum is a potent inhibitor of the LPS-induced NO and $PGE_{2}$ production by blocking iNOS and $NF{\kappa}B$ activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1984

The structure of tuguaconitine, MP $196{\sim}198^{\circ}C$, a new diterpene alkaloid isolated from the roots of Aconitum sibiricum P., was studied. Its empirical formula is $C_{23}H_{35}NO_7$ and spectroscopic evidence shows that the base contains three methoxyl, three hydroxyl and one N-ethyl groups. The acute toxicities of most of Aconitum species were strong and the acute toxicity of the alkaloid fraction of A. sibiricum was decreased by Glycyrrhizae, black bean or Zingiberis extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1987

Aconites distribute widely in northern hemispere of the earth reaching to arctic zone from warm and temperate one. Hitherto, these tuberous roots, 'Cho O', have been known to be famous plant poisons and essential important drugs possessing many remedial effects in each region of the world, especially in Korea and China. In Korea, although these plants grow widely in whole districts, their classifications are quite obscure. Especially, Aconitum triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ is distributed whole districts. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Cho O', we studied on the anatomical characteristics of Aconitum triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ growing wild in Korea. As a result, the environmental varieties of A. triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ were recognized.