• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.147.1-147.1
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• 2003

As an attempt to search for bioactive natural products exerting antiinflammatory activity, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the methanol extract from the Fomes fomentarius (MEFF). MEFF (50, 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly reduced an acute paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats. When analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate test, MEFF showed a dose-dependent inhibition in animal models. In addition, MEFF potently inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, $PGE_2$ and TNF-$\alpha$production of macrophages. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 1997

We studied the effects of ginseng protopanaxadiol (PD) and protopanaxatriol (PT) saponins on the analgesia using several pain tests such as writhing, formalin, and tail-flick test. Using mouse, pretreatment of PD or PT saponins (i.p.) induced inhibition of abdominal constrictions caused by 0.9% acetic acid administration(i.p.). The $AD_{50}$ was around 27 (17-43) mg/kg for PD and 13.5 (3-61) mg/kg for PT saponins in writhing test. Both PD and PT saponins also showed the inhibition of bitings and lickings of hindpaw after administration of 1% formalin. In particular, both PD and PT saponins showed analgesic effects on second phase of pain. The $AD_{50}$ was 44.5 (26-76) mg/kg for PD and 105 (55-200) mg/kg for PT saponins in second phase of formalin test. For first phase pain inhibition by PD or PT saponins, they were required higher concentrations. However, PD saponins showed weak analgesic effects in tail-flick test with high concentration. In conclusion, we found that both PD and PT saponins have the analgesic effects in writhing test and second phase of pain in formalin test. These results suggest that both PD and PT saponins inhibit neurogenic or tonic pain rather than acute pain.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

Loxoprofen-Na (sodium 2-〔4-(2-oxocyclopentylmethyl)pheny)propionate dihydrate) is a potent analgesic drug. We developed loxoprofen-Na plasters to extend duration time of analgesic activity and to reduce side effect on gastrointestinal tract. Analgesic effect of Loxoprofen-Na plasters was investigated. Loxoprofen-Na plaster had good analgesic effect in rat paw pressure test, Tail-flick latency test and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Also, it had anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema. In pharmacokinetic study of Loxoprofen-Na, plasters dosage form showed that plasma drug concentration was prolonged up to 14 hours. So, we can conclude that loxoprofen-Na plasters, when applied on skin, will be a new type of drug for controlling the various local pain or inflammation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 1997

The synthesis of phenoxyalkanoic acid derivatives and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities are described. Analysis of structure-activity relationships shows that in trichlorophenoxy derivatives anti-edematous potency is associated with the presence of 1-thiopropyl moiety and 2 or 40aminopyridyl moiety at $R^{l}$ position contributes to the analgesic activity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Background : The location of acupoints on rat, which may differ from that of human body due to anatomical structure, is defined variously among researchers, which may cause the problem of low repeatability and objectivity. Design : The measurement of hind limb consist of measuring the distance between knee joint and tibia tubercle in order to set the knee joint as common criteria. Based on it, the three mostly referred location of ST36 were represented with the knee joint as a datum point and compared. The electroacupuncture stimulation was administrated after the abdominal pain was induced by acetic acid. And the analgesic activity of each ST36 acupoint was evaluated by measuring the number of writhing reflex, in order to observe the differences of treatment effect in accordance with the location of ST36 acupoints. Results : The result of measurement confirmed the differences in the acupoint location of ST36 among researchers. The writhing reflex test using the acetic acid-induced abdominal pain stimulated with electroacupuncture of 100Hz showed that there were statistically significant differences in the analgesic effect between control group and three ST36 groups (P<0.05). However there were no differences observed among three mostly referred location of ST36 acupoints (P>0.05). Conclusions : We recommend "the point located 6.5 mm below the knee joint at the anterior tibial muscle" as a standard ST36 acupoint location qualified by the WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in 2008.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2008

The current study aimed to assess some novel pharmacological activities of vanillin. Vanillin inhibited the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. Vanillin had anti-inflammatory activity using the acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of vanillin was shown using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Vanillin inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) but not cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Vanillin decreased the level of iNOS mRNA in the LPS-activated macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that vanillin can have anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities in ICR Mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2008

The current work was designed to assess novel pharmacological activities of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HD), a major phenolic constituent of various natural products of plant origin, such as Gastrodia elata Blume. HD exhibited a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. HD also displayed an inhibitory effect in acetic acid-induced permeability in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HD was convinced using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HD was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. HD also diminished the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated in the LPS-activated macrophages. In brief, HD exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities possibly via down-regulating iNOS and/or COX-2, which may be partly responsible for pharmacological efficacies of various natural products.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

Inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are thought to play major roles in joint diseases such as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and there is considerable evidence playing a role for these cytokines in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaries (EAC). As a positive control, apigenin, which is known as an anti-inflammatory agent as an iNOS inhibitor, was used and showed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect. EAC showed strong inhibitory efficacy against cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation, $PGE_2$ production, nitric oxide (NO) production, and matrix-matalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in rabbit articular chondrocyte. In the writhing test induced by acetic acid, EAC $(200{\sim}400\;mg/kg)$ exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing. The results indicate that EAC have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and could be a good herbal medicine candidate for curing of RA and/or OA.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2006

New herbal formula (NHF) is the ethanol extract mixture of Puerariae radix, Artemisia capillaries and Perilla frutescens. We have Investigated the effects on anti-inflammation by NHF and attempted acetic acid induced writhing to verify the analgesic effect. Macrophages and chondrocytes were obtained from mouse and rabbit. Inflammation was induced bγ interleukin-1, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interferon-{\gamma}$, and lipopolysaccharide. NHF showed strong inhibitory efficacy against cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation, $PGE_2$ production, NO production, and MMP-9 expression in rabbit articular chondrocyte. In the writhing test, NHF exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of writhing. Futhermore, NHF increased the activity of SOD. NHF have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and could be a good herbal medicine candidate for curing of osteoarthritis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2001

General pharmacological properties of (R)-JG-381 were examined in laboratory animals to investigate its safety profile. Administration of (R)-JG-381 (50 and 100 mg/kg) in mice and rats had no effects of general behaviors, central nervous system of the animals in test systems of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, writhing syndromes induced by 0.7% acetic acid, chemo-shock produced by pentylenetetrazole, and, however, had mild effects on motor coordination. Heart rate and blood pressure were not changed by (R)-JG-381 treatment. (R)-JG-381 also showed mild effects on intestinal propulsion and gastric secretion. These results suggest that (R)-JG-381 dose not exert serious pharmacological effects.