• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 1996

An investigation was performed to reveal the relation between the storage and decomposition of the titter DNA of a Zoysia japonica grassland on Mt. Kwanak. The loss constant k of litters was 0.167. The times required for the decomposition of half, 95% and 99% of accumulated DNA on the grassland floor were 3.8, 16.6 and 27.6, respectively. The amount of DNA which is turned to living organism in the ecosystem is higher than that of crude protein. In the case of crude protein, the decay constant k was 0.181. The times needed for the decomposition of half, 95% and 99% of accumulated crude protein on the Z. japonica grassland floor were 3.8, 16.6 and 27.6 years, respectively. Key words: Zoysia japonica, Mt. Kwanak, Litter DNA, Crude protein, Decomposition, Accumulation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.276-280
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• 2001

This paper presents the result of a study on the distribution characteristics of salt contaminants in the west coast region, from Inchon to Yearsoo, of South Korea. To evaluate the distribution characteristics of salt contaminants, we had measured the equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD) with brush wiping method for thirteen month(from May 1999 to June 2000). Under the consideration on the measuring interval and method, normalization method was applied for the ESDD data. Besides the measurement, the chemical analysis (chromatography) was carried to investigate the relationship, between the electrical property and the amount of specific ingredient, such as sodium, magnesium and chloride. From the result, we could get the representative value of contamination for each site and distribution characteristics of salt contaminants with the distance from sea in the west coast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.42-46
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• 2005

The static electricity by thinner flow and discharge energy is investigated experimentally for the purpose of preventing the electrostatic discharge and damage. Test system for evaluating streaming electrification consists of a teflon pipe, a reservoir tank a pump, flowmeters and an electrometer. When dielectric liquid flows through a pipe from one vessel to another, the potential difference generated in the collecting vessel is due to the accumulation of charges. These charges result from the convection of a part of the electrical double layer existing in the tube at the contact between the liquid and the inner wall. When the fluid velocity increases, the electric current increases proportionally. The charging current and accumulated charges by streaming electrification at the thinner velocity of 40cm/s are measured a range of 5 nA and $0.27{\mu}C$ respectively. This amount of static discharge energy generated by streaming electrification is enough to ignite flammable solvent. Therefore surface electric potential should decrease by using electrostatic shielding and ground.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

This study shows the effect of inventory policy change from supplier-based to customer-based. We focus on the service level, cost, and information distortion of the Military Supply Chain(MSC) with System Dynamics. We design MSC model according to field practician interviews by using Vensim. The simulation makes a comparison between supply-based inventory policy performances and order-based inventory policy performances. In order to evaluate the MSC performances, we measure the accumulation of backlog(service level), supply chain cost, and order percentage overshoot(information distortion). The results show that 1) changing inventory policy from supplier-based to end customer order-based gets a good customer service, reduces MSC cost, and prevents information distortion, 2) changing inventory policy from supplier-based to immediate customer order-based reduces a small amount of MSC cost and deteriorates customer service, and 3) supply level is main factor for MSC performances improvement. This study implicates the policy change makes a improvement of MSC performance without introducing information system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

This paper describes the effects of sewage amount, temperature, and years in operation on the infiltration rate of a sewage disposal system. The self-purifying sewage disposal system, which is typically used in rural areas, consists of reeds and fine gravel. Water plants are planted on the gravel bed which provides the habitat for microbes. The basic process is that the gravel bed filters incoming sewage. Thus this system requires the smooth flow of sewage through the gravel. However, the efficiency of the disposal system will be lowered if the gravel bed is clogged with sewage sludge. A three year study shows that infiltration rate slows down significantly until the 7th day, depending on the sewage amount and the temperature. After the 7th day, the infiltration rate remains almost constant. In addition, the infiltration rate decreases as the temperature falls. It also decreases as the number of years in operation increase. But there is no significant change in the infiltration rate after the 7th day, independent of the temperature, the sewage amount, and years in operation. In order to take advantage of high infiltration rate, which improves the efficiency of the disposal system in its early stages, having two gravel beds and using them alternatively will be efficient. This operation method is called intermittent load and makes the disposal system last longer. The water plant roots above the gravel bed make the effective filtration possible because they delay accumulation of the sewage sludge and stabilize the filtration ability.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2002

For preventing and curing the stretching mark, TECA Niosome/W/O system creams were formulated using Titrated Extract of Centella Asiatica (TECA) which is well known for its excellent wound healing effect. The lipid-water partition coefficients and the stabilities of TECA were evaluated and TECA Niosome/W/O system (TECA N/W/O) creams were prepared with different concentrations of cetyl alcohol and ceramide. TECA N/W/O cream was evaluated with respect to their rheological properties, permeation through excised skin of hairless mouse and in vitro and in vivo accumulation in the skin of hairless mouse. In addition, dermal thicknesses of hairless mouse skins were determined following the in vivo application of TECA N/W/O cream and control cream. TECA N/W/O creams showed pseudoplastic flow and hysteresis loop. The permeation of TECA from formulations through excised skin of hairless mouse did not observed. Amount of accumulated drug in the excised skin of hairless mouse was deσeased with an increase in the concentration of cetyl alcohol and showed no relationship with concentration of ceramide. Amount of accumulated drug in formulation A-3 was higher than in niosome suspension and other formulations. In in vivo experiment, amount of accumulated drug in formulation A-2 and A-3 was much higher than that of niosome suspension. Being treated with the N/W/O cream for 8 weeks, the dermal thickness of hairless mouse skin was increased 3.2 times than that of 16 weeks-control group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1986

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of sodium alginate on the suppression of organ accumulation of heavy metals were tested by mice. The seventy mice were divided into the control group and the experimental groups. The mice of cadmium group were subdivided into three groups by dose of 10 ppm cadmium group, adding 1% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm cadmium group and adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm cadmium group. The mice of copper group were subdivided into three groups by dose of 10 ppm copper group, adding 1% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group, and adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group. After the series of feeding of twenty-one days, the mice were killed and examined. Organs and feces were removed and analyzed for cadmium and copper amounts. The results obtained were as follows 1. As for average body weight gains, those of control group mice were the highest than heavy metal group and those of adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group the lowest. 2. The amount of cadmium accumulated in liver and kidney was higher than blood. The amount of cadmium in organs was higher in cadmium group than adding sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with cadmium group. 3. The amount of copper in liver was the highest, and that of copper in blood was the lowest. 4. The excretion of heavy metals was promotioned by adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm heavy metal. ( P < 0.05 ).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1995

Altitudinal effects on the accumulation of O layer were examined for deciduous broad-leaved forests in the experimental forest of Kangwon National University. There found a marked increased towards the higher altitudes in the thickness of O layer. These trends could be observed conspicuously on the F2 and H layers. The relation between thickness (X, cm) and dry weight (Y, $kg/m^2$) of O layer was approximated by linear regression equations;Y($kg/m^2$ = aX(cm). The values of coefficient "a" for the F2, H and F2+H layers were 0.43, 0.61 and 0.53, respectively. Bulk densities of the accumulated organic matter estimated nearly to be $45g/dm^2$ in F2 layer, $60g/dm^2$ in H layer and $55g/dm^2$ in F2+H layer. The amount of O layer ranged from 13ton/ha for the forest at 280m in altitude to 41ton/ha for the upper forest at 710m in altitude. Among these total amount of the O layer, F1, F2 and H layer occupied to be 5~10ton/ha, 5~11ton/ha and 13~40ton/ha, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.129-141
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• 2006

The image data amount is increasing rapidly that used geography, sea information etc. with great development of a remote sensing technology using artificial satellite. Therefore, people need automatic method that use image processing description than macrography for analysis remote sensing image. In this paper, we propose that acquire texture information to use GLCM(Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) in red tide area of artificial satellite remote sensing image, and detects red tide area by PCA(principal component analysis) automatically from this data. Method by sea color that one feature of remote sensing image of existent red tide area detection was most. but in this paper, we changed into 2 principal component accumulation images using GLCM's texture feature information 8. Experiment result, 2 principal component accumulation image's variance percentage is 90.4%. We compared with red tide area that use only sea color and It is better result.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The study was carried out in two different forest types viz., Banj oak and Chir pine forests to assess the variation in forest species composition and soil properties along altitudinal gradients in the Garhwal Himalayas. The results of the study showed that between the forests soil moisture was higher in Banj oak forest because of closed canopy and dense forest compared to Chir pine forest. The sand particles were reported higher in Banj oak forest which might be due to the addition of organic matter favouring coarse structure of soil, helping in holding maximum water in soils. However in the Chir pine forest low amount of soil organic matter and presence of clayey soil, develops soil compactness which reduces the penetration of water resulting in high soil bulk density. The higher accumulation of litter and presence of moisture in Banj oak forest favours higher nutrient level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to Chir pine forest. The soil organic carbon also reduced with increasing altitude at both gradients. While bulk density has reverse trend with soil organic carbon in both the forests at different peaks of same region. In Banj oak forest, the highest density and total basal cover was reported 1,100 tree $ha^{-1}$ and 58.86 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. However, the highest values of density and total basal cover of Chir pine forest was 560 tree$ha^{-1}$ and 56.94 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. The total density and basal cover of both the forests reduced with increasing altitude. The study concludes that Banj oak forest has better nutrient cycling ability, well developed foest floor and has a greater protective and productive features compared to the Chir pine forest which is without lower vegetation cover and having only pine litter accumulation which does not allow any other species to grow.