• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4063-4066
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• 2012

To determine the clinical outcome of breast cancer BI-RADS 4 lesions and seek a more effective management guideline, we conducted a retrospective study of all BI-RADS4 patients diagnosed between 2003-2008 with follow up time not less than 2 years. A total of 392 cases of BI-RADS 4 were identified and 320 could be sub-categorised as 4a, 4b and 4c. Overall malignant positive results were 7.65, 38.7 and 58.percent, respectively. In all cases assigned to the close follow up group, no malignancy was detectable (P<0.02). The results of the study suggested that BI-RADS sub-categories have benefit for cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions of clinicians and it might be possible to set up a safe follow-up guideline in selected groups of patients to minimize un-necessary tissue biopsy for breast cancer detection.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.127-141
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to analyze the trajectory of child's academic attainment and the effect of family socioeconomic background on the trajectory. Data were part of the Korea Youth Panel Survey 2003-2005(Middle School 2) and were analyzed by Latent Growth Curve Modeling(LGM). The degree of child's academic attainment decreased over 3 years. Socioeconomic status variables that influenced academic trajectory were family poverty, parent's attainments in scholarship, and family structure. Findings from this study suggest that societal support for low socioeconomic status families is needed for improvement of academic attainment of their children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

After-school activities of 817 7th grade children from Kwangju, Busan, and Kumi were studied to determine relations with (a) child, family and contextual variables (b) child's academic achievement and social development. Children were more likely to engage in extracurriculum activites and TV watching than other after-school activities. After-school activities were related to child's, parent's and contextual variables. Child's characteristics related to after-school activities were sex, impulse control, mastery and self-care. family's characteristics related to after-school activities were mother's employment, emotional support, control, monitoring and SES. Region and regional sagy were related to after-school activities. Some of after-school activities were related child's academic achievement and social development. Especially academic activites have a positive and powerful effects on child's academic achievement and social development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.311-330
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal involvement tendency and its effect on adolescent's self-esteem for boys and girls. Subjects were 607 1st and 2nd grade middle school students in Busan. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way Anova, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. The scores on paternal involvement were influenced by the amount of time spent with parents, 5days work a week of father, flexibility of leaving work-time of mother, regularity of holiday work of mother as well as adolescents' and fathers' sociodemographic characteristic. For boys, self-esteem was influenced by all sub-scales of paternal involvement : the leisure-life, proffering information, academic support, eveηday life, material support, discipline, and tradition-inheritance. For girls, self-esteem was influenced by leisure-life, proffering information, academic support, everyday life, and material supports.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors which differentiate ex-smokers from smokers among patients with cardiovascular disease. Ex-smokers were patients who abstained from smoking for at least 6 months. Method: The subjects were 92 male cardiovascular patients who try to quit. The stepwise discriminant analysis was used to identify predictors of smoking cessation. Result: 1. The ex-smokers(n=47) and smokers(n=45) were significantly different regarding the age, duration after diagnosis, nicotine dependence, family support for smoking cessation, and intention-to-quit. 2. The family support for smoking cessation, intention-to-quit, nicotine dependence, and age were the predictors which differentiate ex-smokers from smokers among cardiovascular patients. The percentage of grouped cases correctly classified was 92.4%. Conclusion: The higher the family support for smoking cessation, intention-to-quit, age and the lower the nicotine dependence, the more likely these smokers were to success smoking cessation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 2005

The preliminary Korean Paternal Involvement Scale of 84 items was constructed from items collected from free-response surveys with 106 middle school students and 33 fathers followed by consultation with experts. Those items were tested on a sample of 339 middle school students. The 82 items selected through item analysis were analyzed by factor analysis. Of these, 54 items were categorized into seven factors : leisure-life, proffering information, discipline, academic support, tradition-inheritance, material support, and everyday life. Leisure-life, proffering information, and academic support correlated with grade level of adolescents and fathers' education. The alpha coefficients of this scale ranged from .68 to .90.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.265-289
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• 2006

Purpose of this research is to analyze process that poverty influences in academic attainment of children. Data comes from Korea Youth Panel Survey 2004(Primary School 4). Analysis method is Structural Equation Modeling. Results show that poverty influences through process variable such as family function, neighborhood environment, private education, self-confidence. Findings from this study suggest that societal support for poor families contributes to improving academic attainment of child. Specially, such societal support needs to be centered to factors that mediates factor of poverty.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

This study analyzed the substitute behavior of mothers of infants or elementary-school-aged children in terms of consumption. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area who show significant interest in their children. The interviews were analyzed based on the grounded theory. The findings of this study are as follows. First, mothers show substitute behavior for their children's appearance. The younger the children, the more substitute consumption exhibited by mothers. As children grow older and are able to choose what to wear, mothers show less substitute behavior tendencies regarding appearance management. Second, mothers tend to exhibit substitute behavior regarding their children's academic achievements. Mothers hope their children will be more successful than themselves were or will achieve the dreams that they failed to accomplish, which drives substitute behavior. Mothers affectionately provide children with financial support so they can obtain academic achievement and they hope their children will have successful occupations in the future. Third, mothers who are not satisfied with their appearance and have low self-esteem are more likely to exhibit substitute behavior with their children. This study will be helpful in understanding mothers' motivation and psychological factors regarding the support of their children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.215-231
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• 2021

The study set out to identify the number of types of parental attitude profiles and their characteristics, as perceived by adolescents. The study also examined whether predictor variables (parent life satisfaction and self-esteem) influence parenting attitude profiles and whether these profiles, in turn, influence adolescent academic engagement and academic helplessness. The sample consisted of data on 2,590 adolescents and their parents from the 2018 Korean Children and Youths Panel Survey (KCYPS). The adolescents were in the first grade of middle school. Using Mplus, the author applied latent profile analysis to identify the parenting attitude profiles and predictor and outcome variables associated with these profiles. Three profiles were identified based on major features: (1) coercion-inconsistency (8.3%), (2) general (47.3%), and (3) warmth-autonomy support (44.4%). Parent life satisfaction and self-esteem predicted the classification of the profiles. Also, the parental profiles identified the level of adolescent academic engagement and academic helplessness. The findings have important implications for family policies and practices given the significance of parent psychological status, particularly life satisfaction and self-esteem, on their adolescent children's academic engagement and academic helplessness.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental support and senior high school students' career development. For this study, the data was gathered from 1,468 students in 15 classes(different divisions) at 9 high schools (3 Academic high schools, 3 Industrial technology schools, 3 Vocational high schools) in Seoul. The results of the study were as follows: 1. There is significant difference, statistically, in the relation between parental support and career development by gender. 2. As for the division factor, the recognition level of parental supports was higher in girls than in boys and the average of their career development level was also higher. 3. As for the division factor, the recognition level of parental supports was most highest in academic high school students than in other groups and the average of their career development level was also the highest. 4. There were significant correlations between the parental supports and career decision-making self-efficacy, vacational identity, career decision. 5 As for the effects of parental support on the student's career development, career decision-making self-efficacy was higher than other vacational identity, career decision.. The $R^2$ value was weak but still statistically significant.