• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.323-331
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• 2007

Barren ground is an abnormal phenomenon in coastal ecosystems where seaweeds are destroyed and largely replaced by coralline algae containing calcium carbonate components. To restore the seaweed forest, we attempted reconstruction in an area of Samcheok, Korea, where barrenness is extensive. We developed two methods of seaforest construction underwater longline and seed transplantation for the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, a fast-growing edible seaweed. The blade length of L. japonica attached to an underwater long line was $93.9{\pm}38.2cm$ and blade weight $7.6{\pm}2.1g$ in February 2004. Seaweed size declined after August 2004. A Similar pattern was observed using the transplantation method with maxima of $179.3{\pm}40.3cm\;and\;14.9{\pm}3.2g$ for blade length and weight, respectively in July 2004. The transplanted seaweeds matured in October as did a wild population. These results indicate that transplanted seaweed acclimate to new environments.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the response of vesicle size and the intervesicle agglomeration with a variety of experimental parameters. Considered parameters are: (a) reaction temperture, (b) concentration of phosphatidylcholine, (c) concentration of aluminum ion with fixed concentration of phosphatidylcholine at 0.39 mM, and (d) mixed concentration of aluminum and phosphatidylcholine when fixing the weight ratio of phosphatidylcholine to aluminum at 0.01. Controlling these parameters, vesicle size changed and intervesicle agglomeration observed. As reaction temperature and the concentration of phosphatidylcholine increase, vesicle size decreases. With 0.2 M of aluminum ion, abnormal vesicle growth led by intervesicle agglomeration and coalescence was observed. When weight ratio of phosphatidylcholine to aluminum is 0.01, optimal vesicle size and size distribution can be obtained.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 1999

Maxillary duplication is a kind of proliferative neurocristopathy and considered to arise from bifurcation of neural crest elements soon after migration into mandibular arch. Sometimes this malformation is accompanied with oblique facial cleft. Usually this type of maxillofacial malformation requires multiple surgical intervention and the results are far from ideal. It became more troublesome if it had not been properly corrected on time, because secondary deformities could be developed from growth and development of abnormal tissues. This is a case of a 25-year-old-female patient who showed severe facial asymmetry thought to secondary deformity of maxillary duplication and masticatory disturbance due to multiple supernumerary teeth on posterior part right maxilla. We successully treated these deformities through four times of surgery of bone resection, orthodontic treatment, zygomatic and orbital reconstruction, orthognathic surgery and scar revision... ect. So we reported this rare case with review of literatures.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

Burkitt's lymphoma is a malignant tumor that commonly occurs in the jaws of children of Central Africa. It originates from the lymphatic tissue, and it shows rapid growth. Clinically, it is commonly found in children between age of 3 and 8. When it is found in the jaw, facial swelling, mobility of deciduous teeth, and early eruption of posterior teeth can also be found. Upon radiographic examination, radiolucent lesions with irregular border can be observed. Histologically, macrophage can be seen among tumor cells, and this special pattern is called "starry-sky" appearance. In this case, 3 year-old male patient came to our hospital with left facial swelling and severe mobility of deciduous molars. He was diagnosed as Burkitt's lymphoma based on clinical, radiographic, and histologic examination. He is being treated with chemotherapy and progress seems promising.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.440-448
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• 1996

Bronchial carcinoid tumors are uncommon, constituting approximately 3-5% of all primary lung cancers. Classification of these tumors has evolved substantially as our understanding of the cellular, biologic, and clinical aspects of these neoplasms has improved. Initially, bronchial carcinoids were thought to be benign and therefore were classified as bronchial adenomas. Currently, however, they are well recognized as having the potential for both local invasion and distant metastatic involvement. Consequently, carcinoid tumors are frankly malignant. Thus bronchial adenoma is a misnomer that should no longer be used for bronchial carcinoids. Most investigators currently favor classifying carcinoid tumors as a type of neuroendocrine neoplasm because of their potential to secrete a variety of chemical substances found in both the central nervous system and the epithelial cells of numerous organs. Bronchial carcinoids are usually characterized by a slow growth pattern and a low incidence of metastasis, and histologically conformed by the azurophil staining and the presence of the characteristic neurosecretary granule on electron microscopy. Atypical carcinoid tumor was first defined by Arrigoni et al, who proposed the following criteria for separation of atypical carcinoid from typical carcinoid tumor : 1) increased mitotic activity with 1 mitotic figure per 1-2 high power fields(or 5-10 mitoses /10 HPF), 2) nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and an abnormal nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, 3) areas of increased cellularity with disorganization of the architecture, and 4) tumor necrosis. In contrast, typical carcinoid tumor may have focal cytologic pleomorphism, but necrosis is absent and mitotic figures are rare. Recently we experienced a case of atypical bronchial carcinoid with multiple distant metastasis, so we report this case with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

In the modernization process of the city, urbanization raised a variety of social issues. Urbanization brought noticeable changes in dwelling patterns, such as drastic changes in the housing lifestyle, that revolved around the metropolitan areas of Seoul and Busan etc. before and after the expansion of economic growth. Especially in 1985, when 23.8% of the country's population was concentrated in Seoul, the imbalance of housing supply and demand caused a vast range of housing shortage. The shortage, that resulted from public sector mishandling of natural housing demand, lead to the occurrence of private sector rental housing. The occurrence of this abnormal rental housing supply, became a major cause of Korea's typical lease system called 'Co-dwelling', where the leaseholder and tenant physically lives in the same residence. The leaseholder and tenant's 'Co-dwelling' started from partial renting of traditional Korean-style housing and transformed with the transition of dwelling form and time. However, after 1985, legalization of multi-family housing, Korean rental housing started to be planned in the beginning of it's housing construction and to be produced as an independent space with separate circulation. Also in terms of facility, it changed from partial renting of a space within the residence to an assembly of small individual spaces. However, the background of this deep-rooted 'Co-dwelling' lease system, in different forms and periods of residence, is still based on the lack of public sector rental housing supply and private sector supply of rental space to utilize extra space, 'Jeonsei' payment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.766-771
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• 2009

Lead-free $0.94(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3$-0.06Ba$(Ti_{0.9}Sn_{0.1})O_3$ [0.94NKN-0.06BTS] ceramics doped with 1 mol% $MnO_2$ were synthesized by a conventional solid state method. The phase transitional behavior and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics sintered at various temperatures were investigated. The 0.94NKN-0.06BTS ceramics sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$, having morphotropic phase boundary of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, exhibited a microstructure with abnormal grain growth. A diffused phase transition behavior for all the specimens was verified as high degree of diffuseness (${\gamma}$) values from 1.45 to 1.79. A high piezoelectric constant of $d_{33}=256$ pC/N and a satisfactory electromechanical coupling factor of $k_p=42%$ were obtained for the relatively dense 0.94NKN-0.06BTS ceramics sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.37.1-37.7
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• 2018

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is characterized by the replacement of normal bone by abnormal fibro-osseous connective tissue and typically treated with surgical contouring of the dysplastic bone. When dysplastic lesions involve occlusion, not only is surgical debulking needed, orthognathic surgery for correction of dentofacial deformity is mandatory. However, the long-term stability of osteotomized, dysplastic bone segments is a major concern because of insufficient screw-to-bone engagement during surgery and the risk of FD lesion re-growth. Case presentation: This case report reviewed two patients with non-syndromic FD that presented with maxillary occlusal canting and facial asymmetry. Le Fort I osteotomy with recontouring of the dysplastic zygomaticomaxillary region had been performed. The stability of osseous segments were favorable. However, dysplastic, newly formed bone covered the previous plate fixation site and mild bony expansion was observed, which did not influence the facial profile. Including the current cases, 15 cases of orthognathic surgery for FD with dentition have been reported in the literature. Conclusion: The results showed that osteotomy did not appear to significantly reduce the long-term stability of the initial fixation insufficiency of the screw to the dysplastic bone. However, based on our results and those of the others, long-term follow-up and monitoring are needed, even in cases where the osteotomized segment shows stable results.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-118
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• 2014

The information technologies industry is now experiencing a rebirth of strong stable growth. However, very few studies have examined performance implications of strategic alliance or merger and acquisition from a knowledge-based view. Furthermore, none of these studies have investigated resource complementarities and alliance or merger and acquisition motive as potential sources of firm performance. This paper extends upon current knowledge-based literature to discover and explore linkages between resource complementarities and firm performance of strategic alliances or merger acquisitions. This study finds that strategic alliance and merger and acquisition announcements have provided abnormal positive returns of production alliances and merger and acquisition. This study can be used as a stepping stone for selection of strategic alliance or merger and acquisition.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2014

Thymosin beta4 (TB4) has multiple functions in cellular response in processes as diverse as embryonic organ development and the pathogeneses of disease, especially those associated with cardiac coronary vessels. However, the specific roles played by TB4 during heart valve development in vertebrates are largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel function of TB4 in endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in cardiac valve endocardial cushions in zebrafish. The expressions of thymosin family members in developing zebrafish embryos were determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Of the thymosin family members only zTB4 was expressed in the developing heart region. Cardiac valve development at 48 h post fertilization was defected in zebrafish TB4 (zTB4) morpholino-injected embryos (morphants). In zTB4 morphants, abnormal linear heart tube development was observed. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, notch1b, and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) 2 genes were also markedly reduced in atrio-ventricular canal (AVC). Endocardial cells in the AVC region were stained with anti-Zn5 antibody reactive against Dm-grasp (an EMT marker) to observe EMT in developing cardiac valves in zTB4 morphants. EMT marker expression in valve endothelial cells was confirmed after transfection with TB4 siRNA in the presence of transforming growth factor ${\beta}$ ($TGF{\beta}$) by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Zn5-positive endocardial AVC cells were not observed in zTB4 morphants, and knockdown of TB4 suppressed TGF-${\beta}$-induced EMT in ovine valve endothelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TB4 plays a pivotal role in cardiac valve formation by increasing EMT.