• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.345-346
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• 2008

We have studied an emission spectra of top-emssion organic light-emitting diodes(TEOLED) due to a change of cathode and organic layer thickness. Device structure is Al(100nm)/TPD(xnm)/$Alq_3$(ynm)/LiF(0.5nm)/cathode. And two different types of cathode were used; one is LiF(0.5nm)/Al(25nm) and the other is LiF(0.5nm)/Al(2nm)/Ag(30nm). While a thickness of hole-transport layer of TPD was varied from 35 to 65nm, an emissive layer thickness of $Alq_3$ was varied from 50 to 100nm for two devices. A ratio of those two layer was kept to be about 2:3. Al and Al/Ag double layer cathode devices show that the emission spectra were changed from 490nm to 560nm and from 490nm to 560nm, respectively, when the total organic layer increase. Full width at half maximum was changed from 67nm to 49nm and from 90nm to 35nm as the organic layer thickness increases. All devices show that view angle dependent emission spectra show a blue shift. Blue shift is strong when the organic layer thickness is more than 140nm. Devece with Al/Ag double layer cathode is more vivid.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.389-390
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• 2012

In this study, we fabricate a superhydrophobic surface made of hierarchical nanostructures that combine wax crystalline structure with moth-eye structure using vacuum cluster system and measure their hydrophobicity and durability. Since the lotus effect was found, much work has been done on studying self-cleaning surface for decades. The surface of lotus leaf consists of multi-level layers of micro scale papillose epidermal cells and epicuticular wax crystalloids [1]. This hierarchical structure has superhydrophobic property because the sufficiently rough surface allows air pockets to form easily below the liquid, the so-called Cassie state, so that the relatively small area of water/solid interface makes the energetic cost associated with corresponding water/air interfaces smaller than the energy gained [2]. Various nanostructures have been reported for fabricating the self-cleaning surface but in general, they have the problem of low durability. More than two nanostructures on a surface can be integrated together to increase hydrophobicity and durability of the surface as in the lotus leaf [3,5]. As one of the bio-inspired nanostructures, we introduce a hierarchical nanostructure fabricated with a high vacuum cluster system. A hierarchical nanostructure is a combination of moth-eye structure with an average pitch of 300 nm and height of 700 nm, and the wax crystalline structure with an average width and height of 200 nm. The moth-eye structure is fabricated with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. $SiO_2$ layer is initially deposited on a glass substrate using PECVD in the cluster system. Then, Au seed layer is deposited for a few second using DC sputtering process to provide stochastic mask for etching the underlying $SiO_2$ layer with ICP-RIE so that moth-eye structure can be fabricated. Additionally, n-hexatriacontane paraffin wax ($C_{36}H_{74}$) is deposited on the moth-eye structure in a thermal evaporator and self-recrystallized at $40^{\circ}C$ for 4h [4]. All of steps are conducted utilizing vacuum cluster system to minimize the contamination. The water contact angles are measured by tensiometer. The morphology of the surface is characterized using SEM and AFM and the reflectance is measured by spectrophotometer.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

Multi-ply sheet forming has many advantages including the possibility of using wide range of materials in a given structure, lowering production cost, making higher grammage products and so on. But, incorrect structure of sheet makes flow resistance higher so that it shows poor dewatering in press section. One of major factors that affect sheet structure and dewatering property is fines content in each layer. We, therefore, examined the press dewatering of multi-ply sheet that has the different fines content in each layer and the effect of fines distribution on physical properties of sheet to find a technology for optimum utilization of raw materials. In case of two layered sheet, the sheet which was composed of layers with the different flow resistance showed higher dewatering rate than one which has the same flow resistance. And the more difference in fines content for layers existed, the more dewatering occurred. For three layered sheets, dewatering is mainly dependent on fines content of bottom layer. Strength properties were affected by dewatering degree and multi-ply sheet structure.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

알루미늄 양극산화(aluminum anodization)의 선택적인 적용을 통하여 DRAM 소자를 위한 새로운 패키지 기판을 제작하였다. 에폭시 계열의 코어(core)와 구리의 적층 형태로 제작되는 일반적인 패키지 기판과는 달리 제안된 패키지 기판은 아래층 알루미늄(aluminum), 중간층 알루미나(alumina, $Al_2O_3$) 그리고 위층 구리(copper)로 구성된다. 알루미늄 기판에 양극산화 공정을 수행함으로써 두꺼운 알루미나를 얻을 수 있으며 이를 패키지 기판의 유전체로 사용할 수 있다. 알루미나층 위에 구리 패턴을 배치함으로써 새로운 2층 금속 구조의 패키지 기판을 완성하게 된다. 또한 알루미늄 양극산화를 선택적인 영역에만 적용하여 내부가 완전히 채워져 있는 비아(via) 구조를 구현할 수 있다. 패키지 설계 시에 비아 인 패드(via in pad) 구조를 적용하여 본딩 패드(bonding pad) 및 볼 패드(ball pad) 상에 비아를 배치하였다. 상기 비아 인 패드 배치 및 2층 금속 구조로 인해 패키지 기판의 배선 설계가 보다 수월해지고 설계 자유도가 향상된다. 새로운 패키지 기판의 주요 설계인자를 분석하고 최적화하기 위하여 테스트 패턴의 2차원 전자기장 시뮬레이션 및 S-파라미터 측정을 진행하였다. 이러한 설계인자를 바탕으로 모든 신호 배선은 우수한 신호 전송을 얻기 위해서 $50{\Omega}$의 특성 임피던스를 가지는 coplanar waveguide(CPW) 및 microstrip 기반의 전송선 구조로 설계되었다. 본 논문에서는 패키지 기판 구조, 설계 방식, 제작 공정 및 측정 등을 포함하여 양극산화 알루미늄 패키지 기판의 특성과 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.40-44
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• 2002

The motivation of this work is to use SAM(Self-Assembled Monolayer) for developing a rapid and flexible non-photolithographic nano-structure fabrication technique which can be utilized in micro-machining of metals as well as silicon-based materials. The fabrication technique implemented in this work consists of a two-step process, namely, mechanical scribing followed by chemical etching. From the experimental results, it was found that thiol on copper surface could be removed even under a few nN normal load. The nano-tribological characteristics of thiol-SAM on various metals were largely dependent on the native oxide layer of metals. Based on these findings, nano-patterns with sub-micrometer width and depth on metal surfaces such as Cu, Au and Ag could be obtained using a diamond-coated tip.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2020

본 논문은 충격을 줄이기 위해 효과적인 충격완충장치를 구성하는 방법을 제안했다. 기존의 충격완충장치는 폴리에틸렌으로만 만들어졌지만, 새로운 충격완충장치는 외측에는 폴리에틸렌, 내측에는 고밀도 재료로 구성하였다. 충격은 내측과 외측 물질 사이의 밀도 차이가 더 클 때 줄어들었다. 2층 구조의 외측으로 설계하기 위해 알루미늄, 티타늄, 구리를 선택하였다. 가장 밀도가 높은 구리에서는 충격 감소가 가장 좋았으며, 기존 충격완충장치보다 최대 감가속도는 43%, 충격량은 51% 감소하였다. 4층, 6층 충격완충장치의 경우, 충격량은 줄였지만, 최대 감가속도는 증가하였다. 신관은 가장 큰 충격으로부터 살아남아야 하며 나머지 충격파는 임계값을 초과하지 않으므로, 본 논문은 폴리에틸렌-구리를 사용한 2층 구조용 충격완충장치를 제안하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2011

In order to mitigate the possible hazards from electric shock due to the touch and step voltages, the high resistivity material such as gravel is often spread on the earth's surface in substations. When the grounding electrode is installed in two-layer soil structures, the surface layer soil resistivity is different with the resistivity of the soil contacted with the grounding electrodes. The design of large-sized grounding systems is fundamentally based on assuring safety from dangerous voltages within a grounding grid area. The performance of the grounding system is evaluated by tolerable touch and step voltages. Since the floor surface conditions near equipment to be grounded are changed after a grounding system has been constructed, it may be difficult to determine the tolerable touch and step voltage criteria. In this paper, to propose an accurate and convenient method for evaluating the protective performance of grounding systems, the propriety of the method for evaluating the current flowing through the human body around on a counterpoise buried in two-layer soils is presented. As a result, it is reasonable that the grounding system performance would be evaluated by measuring and analyzing the current flowing through the human body based on dangerous voltages such as the touch or step voltages and the contact resistance between the ground surface and feet.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.260-273
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• 2022

This study presents a novel multilayer structure of parallel coupled-line bandpass filtercentered at 2.42 GHz with a fractional bandwidth value of approximately 19.4%. The designed filter can suppress harmonics with an appropriate frequency response by incorporating different techniques based on the multilayer technique. A combination of different techniques such as radial microstrip stubs and defected ground structure (DGS) and defected microstrip structure techniques are employed to suppress harmonics up to 5f₀. These techniques are used in two layers to suppress up to 5f₀. In addition, in this study, the effects of different parameters, such as the width of slot-line DGS, the angle of diagonal line slots in the upper layer, and the air gap between the two layers on the filter performance, are investigated. To verify the correct circuit operation, the designed filter is implemented and tested. The measurement results of the proposed filter are compared with the simulation results.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

Honsangui (celestial globe) which is a water-hammering method astronomical clock is recorded in "Juhaesuyong" which is Volume VI of supplement from "Damheonseo", written by Hong Dae-Yong (1731~1783). We made out the conceptual design of Hong Dae-Yong's Honsangui through the study on its structure and working mechanism. Honsangui consist of three rings and two layers, the structure of rings which correspond to outer layer is similar to his own Tongcheonui (armillary sphere) which is a kind of armillary sphere. Honsang sphere which correspond to inner layer depicts constellations and milky way and two beads hang on it as Sun and Moon respectively for realize the celestial motion. Tongcheonui is operated by the pendulum power but Honsangui is operated by water-hammering method mechanism. This Honsangui's working mechanism is the traditional way of Joseon and it was simplified the working mechanism of Shui y$\ddot{u}$n i hsiang t'ai which is a representative astronomical clock of China. This record of Honsangui is the only historical record about the water-hammering method working mechanism of Joseon Era and it provide the study of water-hammering method mechanism with a vital clue.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.149-156
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• 2006

Structure of edge flame established in a mixing layer, formed between two uniformly flowing pure $CH_4$ and pure $O_2$ streams, is numerically investigated by employing a detailed methane-oxidation mechanism. The numerical results exhibited the most outstanding distinction of using pure oxygen in the fuel-rich premixed-flame front, through which the carbon-containing compound is found to leak mainly in the form of CO instead of HC compounds, contrary to the rich $CH_4-air$ premixed flames in which $CH_4$ as well as $C_2H_m$ leakage can occur. Moreover, while passing through the rich premixed flame, a major route for CO production, in addition to the direct $CH_4$ decomposition, is found to be $C_2H_m$ compound formation followed by their decomposition into CO. Beyond the rich premixed flame front, CO is further oxidized into $CO_2$ in a broad diffusion-flame-like reaction zone located around moderately fuel-rich side of the stoichiometric mixture by the OH radical from the fuel-lean premixed-flame front. Since the secondary CO production through $C_2H_m$ decomposition has a relatively strong reaction intensity, an additional heat-release branch appears and the resulting heat-release profile can no longer be seen as a tribrachial structure.