• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.162-189
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• 2016

This research deals with the PLAN's capabilities and its implication for regional security, and suggests some measures for maritime security cooperation among regional states. China has began to focus its national strategy more on 'rising as a new maritime power' since the 18th Party Convention in November 2012. Chinese new strategy aims at building a strong navy, contributing economic prosperity and national security, and thus elevating its prestige in international society. Most of all, building a strong navy is the foremost task at this time, and that is why the PLAN has the priority for military modernization. Chinese new maritime strategy could cause naval arms race in East Asia and aggravate maritime territorial disputes among concerned parties. It is the time for regional states to discuss some measures to build confidence, such as arms control of naval weapons, establishment of multilateral maritime security mechanism, and foundation of regional security regime, thus enhancing regional maritime cooperation.

• Strategy21
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• s.33
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• pp.148-177
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• 2014

The regional security and stability in Northeast Asia has become more complicated because of a sudden establishment of China's Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) on 23 November 2013. One dimensional conflicts on the territorial sovereignty over the islands between the regional States has developed into the two dimensional conflicts like maritime delimitations among the States concerned since they have all ratified the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea which adopts the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone regime. Moreover, due to the notion of the outer limit of the continental shelf, the conflicts have developed into three dimensional ones in order to acquire more natural resources even in the seabed. To make matters worse, such three dimensional conflicts have expanded to the airspace as well. The paper will analyze what implications the sudden declaration of China's ADIZ have for the regional security in Northeast Asia from the perspectives of public international law. To this end, the paper 1) starts with the debates on the legal nature of the ADIZ, 2) identifies the Chinese government's political motives for the establishment of the ADIZ over the East China Sea, 3) assesses the responses of the regional States and the USA to the China's establishment of the ADIZ, and then 4) discuss what implications the overlapped ADIZ of the three key States in the region have for the regional security and stability.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

In the article, the authors investigate the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation. It is substantiated that economic security acts as a certain system that includes components and at the same time acts as a subsystem of the highest order. It is determined that the economic security system of regions acting as a system has its subsystems, which include: production, financial, environmental, innovation, investment and social subsystems. The parameters of the economic security system include relative economic independence, economic stability and self-development of economic systems, and it is proved that an important feature of economic security in addition to its systemic nature is multi-vector. It is substantiated that the monitoring of ensuring the economic security system of the development of economic systems of different levels in the conditions of the powers transformation should contain the analysis of social, economic and ecological development of regions; spheres of possible dangers of the development of regional economic systems; the nature of the threats; the degree of the possibility of threats; time perspective of economic development threats; possible consequences of losses for economic entities; the impact of threats to the object of the economic entities' activity; possible asymmetry of economic development of regional economic entities. Possible threats as a consequence of the powers transformation have been identified. A PEST analysis of the impact of factors of different nature on economic security and the development of regional economic systems in the powers transformation is carried out. A recurrent ratio is proposed for the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 2022

Crime amount prediction is crucial for optimizing the police patrols' arrangement in each region of a city. First, we analyzed spatiotemporal correlations of the crime data and the relationships between crime and related auxiliary data, including points-of-interest (POI), public service complaints, and demographics. Then, we proposed a crime amount prediction model based on 2D convolution and long short-term memory neural network (2DCONV-LSTM). The proposed model captures the spatiotemporal correlations in the crime data, and the crime-related auxiliary data are used to enhance the regional spatial features. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets are conducted. Results demonstrated that capturing both temporal and spatial correlations in crime data and using auxiliary data to extract regional spatial features improve the prediction performance. In the best case scenario, the proposed model reduces the prediction error by at least 17.8% and 8.2% compared with support vector regression (SVR) and LSTM, respectively. Moreover, excessive auxiliary data reduce model performance because of the presence of redundant information.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

A certificate revocation list(CRL) should be distributed quickly to all the vehicles in the network to protect them from malicious users and malfunctioning equipments as well as to increase the overall security and safety of vehicular networks. However, a major challenge is how to distribute CRLs efficiently. In this paper, we propose a novel Regional CRL distribution method based on the vehicle location registration locally to manage vehicle mobility. The method makes Regional CRLs based on the vehicles' location and distributes them, which can reduce CRL size and distribution time efficiently. According to the simulation results, the proposed method's signaling performance of vehicle's registration is enhanced from 22% to 37% compared to the existing Regional CRL distribution method. It's CRL distribution time is also decreased from 37% to 67% compared to the existing Full CRL distribution method.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

The key challenges and problematic aspects of the formation of intellectually and innovation-oriented strategies of regional entities at the present stage of their development are considered. The main tasks that arise in the process of strategizing the potential-forming development of regional economic systems in the context of digitalization are identified. The list of key organizational and economic directions of strategic character of providing intellectual and innovative development of regional economic systems is formed, which includes clustering of centers of high-tech development of regions, creation of creative hubs, development of knowledge infrastructure and improvement of interregional cooperation; a brief description of each of the presented strategic organizational and economic directions is given. Based on the analysis, the key strategic guidelines for the development of regional economic entities in the context of digitalization under the influence of potential-forming determinants, which form the content basis for further processes of strategizing qualitative aspects of development of specific regional entities.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.298-302
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• 2022

The article considers in detail the possibilities and significance of marketing technologies for additional education programs as the most flexible and adaptive component of the educational process. Moreover, additional education programs are the most market-defined. Also at this stage, we have developed the structure of the e-mail message about ongoing additional educational programs in order to promote them, and on its basis, we have prepared an example of a letter for e-mail.informational and educational mailing using techniques to attract the attention of the addressee in order to promote additional educational programs.The content of the letter was also formed for students of the electronic course "Education Marketing", sent out in order to monitor the educational process.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

The article proposes a method of modeling a comprehensive indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of regional management of innovation activity. This will make it possible to assess the effectiveness of personnel, financial and credit and foreign economic activity of the regions from the standpoint of an integrated approach. The modeling technique is proposed to be carried out using the tools of taxonomic analysis and the calculation of a complex indicator of the effectiveness of the innovation activity management.

• Strategy21
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• s.43
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• pp.57-88
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• 2018

Security situations are fundamentally and rapidly changing on the Korean Peninsula. Above all, as North Korea(NK) is heightening its nuclear and missile capabilities, Republic of Korea(ROK) is facing an existential threat. At the same time, as China's economic, diplomatic and military power is quickly rising, the balance of power is shifting and strategic competition between the Unite States(US) and China is accelerating in the Asia-Pacific region. Under the pressure of development of these situations, ROK seems to face allegedly the most serious crisis in its national security since the end of the Korean War. In the current grim geopolitical situation, maritime security may become the most difficult security challenge for ROK in the years to come. The purpose of this paper is to compare major changes in maritime security affairs of the ROK during last twenty years from 1998 until now(2018). 1998 was when this journal 『Strategy 21』 was published for the first time by the Korea Institute for Maritime Strategy. Then, this paper tries to identify challenges and risks with which this country has to deal for its survival and prosperity, and to propose some recommendations for the government, the Navy, and the Coast Guard as they are responsible for the maritime security of the country. The recommendations of this paper are as follows: strengthen ROK-US alliance and expand security cooperation with regional powers in support of the maintenance of the current security order in the region; building-up of maritime security capacity in preparation for crisis on the maritime domain with the navy targeting to acquire 'a non-nuclear, balance-of-terror capability, to improve interoperability with the Coast Guard based on 'a national fleet,' and to actively pursue innovation in naval science and technology. Finally, this paper proposes that naval capability the country needs in another twenty years depends on how effectively and rigorously the navy put its utmost efforts towards building 'a strongest navy' today.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-78
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• 2022

The U.S.-led international order, sustained by overwhelming national power since the end of the Cold War, is gradually being restructured from a unipolar international system to a bipolar international system or a multipolar international system, coupled with the weakening of U.S. global leadership and the rise of regional powers. Geopolitically, discussions have been constantly raised about the security instability that the reshaping of the international order will bring about, given that East Asia is a region where the national interests of the United States and regional powers sharply overlap and conflict. This study aims to critically analyze whether security discussions in Korea are based on appropriate crisis assessment and evaluation. This paper points out that the security crisis theory emerging in Korea tends to arise due to threat exaggeration and emphasizes the need for objective evaluation and conceptualization of the nature and the level of threats that the restructured international order can pose to regional security. Based on the analysis of changes in conflict patterns (frequency and intensity), occurring in East Asia during the periods divided into a bipolar system (1950-1990), a unipolar system (1991-2008), and a multipolar system (2009-current), this study shows that East Asia has not been as vulnerable to power politics as other regions. This investigation emphasizes that the complexity of Korea's diplomatic and security burden, which are aggravated by the reorganization of the international order, do not necessarily have to be interpreted as a grave security threat. This is because escalating unnecessary security issues could reduce the diplomatic strategic space of the Republic of Korea.