• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.951-956
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 국내산 천일염(장판염, 토판염)의 성분 비교와 이를 이용하여 무 절임을 제조할 때 첨가한 스타터와 함께 발효기간 동안의 변화를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 그 결과 두 소금간의 일반성분 중 수분함량은 차이를 보였지만 회분 함량은 그룹간의 차이를 보이지 않아, 생산시기가 동일한 점을 고려할 때 천일염 생산방식에 따른 차이라고 판단된다. 이들의 무기성분 함량은 소금의 주성분인 Na 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, Ca, K 그리고 Mg 함량은 장판염이 높게 측정된 반면, Fe 그리고 Zn 함량은 토판염이 높게 측정되었지만, Ca 함량을 제외하고 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 천일염의 당도 측정 결과 10.70 Brix로 높은 함량을 나타내어 어떤 종류의 당으로 구성되었는지에 대한 정성 분석 연구가 요구된다. 무 절임 중 천일염과 스타터 첨가에 의한 발효 변화를 관찰하였을 때 스타터를 첨가한 그룹이 스타터를 첨가하지 않은 그룹보다 활발하게 유리당, 유기산 등 2차 대사산물을 생성하여, 우점종으로서 초기 미생물 조절에 영향을 끼쳤다고 판단된다. 그리하여 실험에 사용된 Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F 균주의 스타터 첨가가 발효과정 중 미생물 균총 변화에 큰 영향을 주므로, 발효 식품 제조 시 초기미생물 조절자로서의 명확한 역할 구명이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.122-147
• /
• 2012

순천 송광사 소조사천왕상의 수리를 위한 조사과정에서 수습된 파편들로부터 과거에 사용된 채색안료에 대한 자연과학적 자료를 확보하고자 분석연구를 수행하였다. 순천 송광사 소조 사천왕상은 1628년 중조(重造)된 이래 1720년부터 1976년까지 7차례의 중수개채(重修改彩)가 이뤄졌기 때문에 이 기간 동안의 시대별 사용안료를 연구할 수 있는 훌륭한 자료가 될 수 있다. 분석은 사천왕상 중 서방광목천왕에서 이탈된 파편들을 대상으로 하였으며, 광학현미경, SEM-EDX, XRD를 이용하여 시편의 상태를 확인하고, 안료의 구성성분과 화합물을 분석하였다. 분석 대상 파편들에서는 갈색 점토띠가 있는 토층, 섬유질이 다량 함유된 토층, 조직이 성긴 한지, 조직이 치밀한 한지, 견직물, 마직물 등 6종의 재료가 확인되었다. 이 중 갈색 점토띠가 있는 토층은 소지부로 판단되며, 나머지 5종의 재료는 소조불의 중수개체 시 사용된 보수재료로 판단된다. 각 재료의 상 하부에 부착된 채색층에 대한 분석결과를 서로 비교한 결과, 각 재료들은 '소지부 ${\rightarrow}$ 조직이 성긴 한지 ${\rightarrow}$ 섬유질이 다량 함유된 토층 ${\rightarrow}$ 견직물 ${\rightarrow}$ 마직물 및 조직이 치밀한 한지'의 순으로 적용된 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 이들 보수재료들에 적용된 안료와 소조불의 중수개채시기를 고려하면 조직이 성긴 한지는 1720~1891년, 섬유질을 다량 함유한 토층은 1926년, 견직물과 마직물은 각각 1941년과 1976년에 적용된 것으로 추정된다. 각 시대별 사용 안료의 특징을 살펴보면, 1891년 이전에는 백색과 녹색으로 연백과 염기성염화동의 사용이 두드러지며, 1926년 이후에는 화록청, 군청, 바륨화이트와 아연화 등이 등장하고, 1976년을 전후해서는 지당과 합분(패각분)의 사용이 두드러지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상 소조상에 적용된 시대별 안료에 대한 추론 결과는 향후 사찰벽화나 단청 등의 근대 안료연구에 비교자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1976

To observe the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations of Ni2+, Ti4+ upon the formation and the color development of the MgO-SnO2 spinel containing Ni2+ and Ti4+ ions, the gradual substitution of Ni2+ ions for Mg2+ ions and of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions of the spinel in NiO-MgO-SnO2-TiO2 system was carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic carbonate mixtures at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hour, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stability as a glaze pigment were also carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic carbonate mixtures at 130$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hour, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stabiality as a glaze pigment were also carried out. The results are summarized as follows. 1) As increasing the amounts of Ni2+ ions in the xNiO.(2-x)MgO.SnO2 system, spinel was not formed easily, and the mixed-spinel was formed in NiO.MgO.SnO2 of x=1 but the spinels was not formed completely in the range of x>1.5 2) The spinels was not more formed in NiO-MgO-TiO2 system than NiO-MgO-SnO2 system. Therefore, Ti4+ ions have strong octahedral preference than Sn4+ ions. The color changed the yellow region little. The mixed-spinel or non-spinel was formed easily NiO.TiO2, MgO.TiO2 of illmenite type as the gradual substitution of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions. 3) The results of glaze test. The color changed from white through graish brown to brown as the gradual substitution of Ni2+ ions for Mg2+ ions in calcium-zinc glaze and calcium glaze, and from white through light yellowish beige to dull beige in tile glaze. Also, the color did not change generally as the gradual substitution of Ti4+ ions for Sn4+ ions in NiO-MgO-SnO2-TiO2 system.

• 박물관보존과학
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.125-146
• /
• 2022

동국대학교 박물관 소장 보타전명 목조감실은 조선후기 목조 건축 양식으로 제작한 목조감실이다. 목조감실 안료의 박락, 부재의 탈락 등 손상이 확인되어 보존처리를 진행하였다. 보존처리 전 손상형태와 유형을 분류하고, 과학적 분석(수종 분석, 섬유 동정, 안료의 성분분석(P-XRF))를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 제작에 사용된 목재는 주로 잣나무류, 현판은 가래나무속, 섬유는 벼섬유로 식별되었다. P-XRF 결과, 백색 안료는 연백과 아연화, 적색안료는 장단, 청색안료는 울트라 마린 블루, 녹색 안료는 에메랄드 그린으로 확인하였다. 목조감실의 보존처리는 건식·습식세척으로 고착된 오염물을 제거한 후 탈락한 부재들을 위치에 맞게 접합하고, 일부 결손부를 복원하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2014

For the resistance spot welds of CR1180 and GA1180 TRIP steels, the weld quality evaluation method using the digitalized X-ray transmission imaging apparatus was investigated in comparison with the crosssectional examination method. In the case of the resistance spot welding of CR1180, three circular regions, such as WZ(white zone), GZ(grey zone) and DZ(dark zone), appeared on X-ray image and they corresponded to the diameters of indentation mark, nugget and corona bond, respectively. The variation of X-ray transmission thickness due to the thickness variation of the weld seemed to be mainly responsible for the formation of those contrasts. The X-ray image contrast formed from the variation of transmission thickness at the outer border line of DZ could also enable the inspections of the notch shape, nonuniformity of the welding pressure and spatter from its sharpness, concentricity and the normal straight line, respectively. The X-ray image of the resistance spot weld of galvannealed GA1180 TRIP steel was very similar to that of CR1180 TRIP steel except the crown shaped outer border line of DZ which was considered to be due to the melting behavior of zinc having the boiling temperature even lower than the melting temperature of steel.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.290-302
• /
• 2005

The nutrients intake and health-related habits of nonagenarian subjects in Korean representative longevity belts of Damyang, Gokseong, Kurye, Sunchang were evaluated for the purpose of providing the information on the desirable food selection and dietary pattern of elderly population. A survey was conducted with 91 subjects (26 males and 65 females) and their food intakes were measured by the combination of one meal weighing and 24-hr recall, and their general background information was collected by visit. The mean age of the subjects was 93.6 $\pm$ 2.2 (male) and 97.6 $\pm$ 4.6 (female) The average smoking rate was $20.9\%$, the rate of regular drinking was $26.4\%$. The average energy intake was 1,284.9 kcal comprising $77.1\%$ of RDA for elder people over 75. The energy ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat were 66.5 : 18.2 : 15.3. The average intake of protein, calcium, iron and zinc were $107.4\%,\;59.9\%,\;106.3\%$ and $60\%$ of RDA respectively. The lower intake of vitamins as low as $70\%$ was found except vitamin $B_6$ and niacin. The majority of the subjects consumed rice as staple diet and mostly consumed white plain rice rather than mixed grain rice. The animal and plant food intakes were 88.4 : 11.6 in males and those of females were 83.0 : 17.0 showing a tendency of plant-based meals. Nutrients that showed NAR over 0.7 were protein, iron, vitamin $B_6$, niacin and phosphate, but those with INQ over 1. Nutrient with INQ below 0.7 was only vitamin E. Even though their nutritional quantity did not appear to be enough, but their nutritional quality was relatively high. The adding dairy products, nuts and fruits for the purpose of proving sufficient vitamin and minerals can achieve the optimal nutritional intake patterns. Further research on RDA of this age population should be followed.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.214-220
• /
• 2018

We report on the fabrication and photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of a $Cu_2O$ thin film/ZnO nanorod array oxide p-n heterojunction structure with ZnO nanorods embedded in $Cu_2O$ thin film as an efficient photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. A vertically oriented n-type ZnO nanorod array was first prepared on an indium-tin-oxide-coated glass substrate via a seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method and then a p-type $Cu_2O$ thin film was directly electrodeposited onto the vertically oriented ZnO nanorods array to form an oxide semiconductor heterostructure. The crystalline phases and morphologies of the heterojunction materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy as well as Raman scattering. The PEC properties of the fabricated $Cu_2O/ZnO$ p-n heterojunction photoelectrode were evaluated by photocurrent conversion efficiency measurements under white light illumination. From the observed PEC current density versus voltage (J-V) behavior, the $Cu_2O/ZnO$ photoelectrode was found to exhibit a negligible dark current and high photocurrent density, e.g., $0.77mA/cm^2$ at 0.5 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$ in a $1mM\;Na_2SO_4$ electrolyte, revealing an effective operation of the oxide heterostructure. In particular, a significant PEC performance was observed even at an applied bias of 0 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$, which made the device self-powered. The observed PEC performance was attributed to some synergistic effect of the p-n bilayer heterostructure on the formation of a built-in potential, including the light absorption and separation processes of photoinduced charge carriers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2011

Previous studies have shown that plant-based vegetarian diets, which typically contain a variety of antioxidants and dietary fiber, help reduce the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, some studies have reported that vegetarian diets can lead to deficiencies in protein and trace minerals compared to non-vegetarian diets. This study was conducted to compare anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, dietary intake, and hair mineral status in long-term vegetarians (MV; moderate vegan, LV; lacto-ovo vegetarian) and non-vegetarians (NV). Thirty MV (12 males, 18 females; mean age, $50.58{\pm}5.05$ years), 15 LV (11 males, four females; mean age, $49.45{\pm}4.97$ years), and 30 NV (15 males, 15 females; mean age, $48.90{\pm}3.62$ years) participated. No significant differences were observed for age, height, weight, or body mass index, but body fat was significant lower in MV and LV males than that in NV males. White blood cell counts of MV, LV, and NV male subjects were significantly different. Dietary intake data showed that plant protein and plant iron intake were significantly higher in MV and LV than those in NV. Animal protein, animal fat, and animal iron intake were significantly higher in NV than those in MV and LV. A hair mineral analysis showed that calcium and iron were higher in the hair of MV and LV than those in NV. Zinc concentration in hair was not significantly different among the groups. The results suggest that vegetarian diets are adequate to sustain mineral status to at least the same degree as that of non-vegetarian diets.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.13.1-13.10
• /
• 2017

Nutrition is one of the factors influencing cognitive functions. But, the role of nutrition on cognitive functions within the elderly is recognized to a lesser degree. The aim of this academic endeavor was to analyze the affiliation between nutritional status and cognitive functions of the elderly in Korea. 316 subjects, of 114 male and 201 female aged above 65 years, were gathered from university hospital clinics, Elderly Welfare Centers, and Health Welfare Centers located in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon in Korea. The cognitive function was tested by the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) questionnaire. Nutrition intake was assessed by a 24-hour recall, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrition adequacy and quality were assessed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR), and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR). The elderly with normal cognitive function status displayed significantly higher levels of calcium, riboflavin, thiamin, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, phosphorous, potassium, iron, niacin, zinc, animal fat, animal protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total protein, vegetable oil, vegetable protein, fiber than levels of the elderly with moderate cognitive impairment. The K-MMSE score positively correlated with of high consumption of pork, white radish, sea mustard, tomato, tangerine, grape, apple, and ice cream, and K-MMSE was negatively associated with high intake of potato, anchovy, fish cake, and mushroom. The findings suggest that nutritional status is affiliated with cognitive function within the elderly of Korea. The consumption of variety of foods and nutrients ensures adequate cognitive function in the Korean elderly.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2018

Laboratory inbred mice are used widely and commonly in biomedical research, but inbred mice do not have a big enough gene pool for the research. In this study, genetic and morphometric analyses were performed to obtain data on the characteristics of a newly developing inbred strain (KWM/Hym) captured from Chuncheon, Korea. All of five Korean wild male mice have the zinc-finger Y (ZfY) gene. Also, all of 19 Korean wild mice used in this analysis have the AKV-type murine leukemia virus gene, indicating that Korean wild mice might be Mus musculus musculus. To identify the genetic polymorphism in KWM/Hym, SNP analysis was performed. In a comparison with 28 SNP markers, there was a considerable difference between KWM/Hym and several inbred strains. The homogeneity between KWM/Hym and the inbred strains was as follows: C57BL/6J (39.3%), BALB/c AJic (42.9%), and DBA/2J (50%). KWM/Hym is most similar to the PWK/PhJ inbred strain (96.4%) derived from wild mice (Czech Republic). To identify the morphometric characteristics of KWM/Hym, the external morphology was measured. The tail ratio of male and female was $79.60{\pm}3.09$ and $73.55{\pm}6.14%$, respectively. KWM/Hym has short and agouticolored hairs and its belly is white with golden hair. Taking these results together, KWM/Hym, a newly developing inbred mouse originated from wild mouse, might be use as new genetic resources to overcome the limitations of the current laboratory mice.