• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2018

데스크탑과 모바일 기기가 고성능화됨에 따라 다양한 분야에서 고사양 응용들이 출시되고 있다. 이러한 응용들의 응답성은 사용자 경험을 결정하는 중요한 요소들 중 하나이다. 측정에 따르면 고사양 응용들 중 하나인 웹 브라우저의 응답시간에서 페이지 zeroing에 소요되는 시간이 적지 않은 비중을 차지한다. 또한 페이지 zeroing이 발생시키는 캐시 오염에 의해 추가적인 성능저하가 발생한다. 본 논문은 페이지 zeroing에 소요되는 시간을 단축하고, zeroing에 의한 캐시 오염으로 인해 발생하는 시스템의 성능저하를 방지하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 사용자 응답시간이 아닌 구간에서 페이지들을 DMA를 사용하여 캐시를 거치지 않고 zeroing하여 보관해 두었다가 페이지 할당 요청시 선 zeroing 된 페이지들을 응용에게 제공한다. 이를 Linux 커널 4.17이 탑재된 데스크탑 환경에서 구현하였고 실험을 통해 확인한 결과 응답시간이 평균 20% 단축됨을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.2-5
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• 2018

고성능 모바일 기기가 보급화 됨에 따라 증강 현실, 3D 게임과 같은 고사양 응용들이 출시되고 있다. 이러한 응용들의 응답성은 모바일 기기의 품질을 결정하는 중요한 요소들 중 하나이다. 기존 연구에 따르면 고사양 응용들 중 하나인 웹 브라우저의 응답 시간에서 페이지 zeroing 에 소요되는 시간이 적지 않은 비중을 차지한다. 본 논문은 페이지 zeroing 에 소요되는 시간을 단축하기 위해 적응형 페이지 선 zeroing 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 응답 시간이 아닌 구간에서 페이지들을 미리 zeroing 하여 보관해 두었다가 응답 시간인 구간에서 페이지 할당 요청 시 미리 zeroing 된 페이지들을 응용에게 제공한다. 이를 리녹스 커널 3.4 가 탑재된 Nexus 5 에 구현하였고 실험을 통해 확인한 결과, 모델링 된 응용의 응답 시간이 평균 39.52% 단축됨을 확인하였다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.38
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• pp.265-302
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• 2008

This paper intends to analyse some legal issues on "Zeroing" which is based on the article 2.4.2 under the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement. "Zeroing" stands for a specific methodology in calculating a general dumping margin for a product in question under which negative individual dumping margins are treated as zero (thus "zeroed") before aggregating all individual dumping margins. The article 2.4.2 of the Anti-dumping Agreement regulates three types of calculating methodology on dumping margin as first symmetrical method(average-to-average: A-A), second symmetrical method(individual-to-individual: I-I) and asymmetrical method(average-to-individual: A-I). However, this article does not have any provisions about the "Zeroing" practice. In their anti-dumping practices, the EC and the United-States calculated dumping margin based on the "Zeroing", but this methodology has been disputed in the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) of the WTO. This paper analysed their legal problems with some WTO cases in particular concerning EC-Bed Linen, U.S.-Softwood Lumber Zeroing, U.S.-Zeroing(EC) and U.S.-Sunset Review(Japan) cases. On the basis of theses analysis, we can therefore ask some questions as follows; To begin with, although the article 2.4.2 of the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement does not clearly refer to the "Zeroing", how do some developing countries, as the U.S.A and the E.U. calculate dumping margin as the "Zeroing"? Secondly, what is the relationship between the symmetrical method and asymmetrical method to the dumping margin? And if we adopt the zeroing method, what is the different rate to anti-dumping margin? Thirdly, although the Panel decided that the zeroing methodology of dumping margin used by th U.S.A in administrative review between the U.S.A and the E.U, why does the Appellate Body made the decision that the american methodology is incompatible with the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement? Lastly, what will be affected the upper decision taken by the Appellate Body to the DDA negotiation of anti-dumping matters? Even though the WTO Appellate made a decision that the zeroing method is incompatible with the principles of the WTO law, this methodology contains a lot of problems. Some members of the WTO as the U.S.A and the E.U did not officially declare this methodology to abandon, and the debate concerned is arguing. Therefore this paper tried to present the adequate solution in order to promote the zeroing methodology in the international anti-dumping system and practices.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.301-323
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• 2011

There have been 20 cases of trade disputes related to zeroing in WTO. In these day, it was judged that the use of zeroing in the calculation of dumping margin is against ADA. Recently, WTO decided in favor of Korea in regards to Korea's stainless steel products on January, 2011. There finally was a high possibility of zeroing being changed. In December 2010, the American government announced it would revise zeroing system through an federal register. Many researchers, such as Linsey and Ikenson(2000), William W. Nye(2009) already clarified through empirical analysis that no use of zeroing leads to a large decline in the margin of dumping. If zeroing is abolished in the future, the margin of dumping imposed on Korea's stainless steel will drop sharply. According to this empirical study, the margin of dumping in 6 stainless steel among 12 products commodities subject to Anti Dumping regulation from US reduced below de-minimis or 3%. These stainless steel is likely to be excluded from the Anti Dumping regulation through review investigation and Korea's export of steel to America is expected to be increased steeply in the future.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.465-486
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• 2014

This paper intends to analyse some legal issues on US-Orange Juice Case. Brazil's WTO challenge is to the methods undertaken by US in calculating antidumping duties in administrative reviews of Brazilian Orange Juice. Panel resulted that conforms with earlier Appellate Body decision outlawing the use of 'weighted average to transaction zeroing. This paper note that panel's stance was driven from 'stability and predictability' within the DSB system. There was a de facto form of stare decisis. However, Panel in US-Orange Juice recognized that Appellate Body decision is wrong about finding zeroing to be violation of the fair comparison requirement of the Article 2.4 of the WTO Anti-Dumping agreement. Zeroing dispute of WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement will be continued that because this matter. Fortunately, the American government announced it would be stop zeroing system of administrative reviews. As result, Carefully, We anticipate that US-Orange Juice's decision is the end of zeroing method on the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a rotating auto-zeroing offset cancellation technique, which can improve the performance of touch screen sensing circuits. Our target touch screen detection method employs multiple continuous sine waves to achieve a high speed for large touch screens. While conventional auto-zeroing schemes cannot handle such continuous signals properly, the proposed scheme does not suffer from switching noise and provides effective offset cancellation for continuous signals. Experimental results show that the proposed technique improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 14 dB compared to a conventional offset cancellation scheme. For the realistic simulation results, we used Cadence SPECTRE with an accurate TSP model and noise source. We also applied an asymmetric device size (10% MOS size mismatch) to the OP Amp design in order to measure the effectiveness of offset cancellation. We implemented the proposed circuit as part of a touch screen controller system-on-chip by using a Magnachip/SK Hynix 0.18-µm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.848-851
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• 2012

In this paper, circuit of reducing the offset voltage in Op-amp, effectively, is newly proposed by using dual capacitor. Capacitors and MOS switches are added in proposed circuit to make up for the weak points of previous circuits ofr reducing the offset voltage in auto-zeroing method. Also, it is designed to reduce the offset voltage in high frequency range by using chopping method, effectively. Circuit simulation and layout are executed by TSMC 1.8V, 0.18um process. From the simulation results, it is verified that magnitude of offset voltage is under 5mV and proposed circuit is good for compensation of offset voltage better than previous auto-zeroing method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.462-482
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new resampling detection method for images that detects whether an image has been resampled and recovers the corresponding resampling rate. The proposed method uses a given set of zeroing masks for various resampling factors to evaluate the convolution values of the input image with the zeroing masks. Improving upon our previous work, the proposed method detects more resampling factors by checking for some periodicity with an approximate detection mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and efficient.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.7
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• pp.59-68
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• 1998

This paper is to develop an algorithm for the unlimited korean speech synthesis. We present the results controlled of prosodic factors with isolated words as aynthesis basis unit int he time domain. With a new pitch-synchronous and parametric speech synthesis mehtod in the time domain here we mainly present the results of controlled prosody factors such a spitch periods, energy envelops and durations and the evaluaton of synthetic speech qualities. In the case of synthesis, it is possible ot synthesize connected words by controlling of a continuous unified prosody that makes to improve the naturalities. In the results of experiment, it also has been to be improved uncontinuities of pitch and zeroing of energy in the junction parts of speech waveforms. Specially it has been to be possible to synthesize speeches with unlimitted durations and tones. So on it makes the noisiness and the clearness better by improving the degradation effects from the phase distortion due to the discontinuities in the waveform connection parts.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.1041-1044
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• 2000

The enhancement to the back-propagation algorithm presented in this paper has resulted from the need to extract sparsely connected networks from networks employing product terms. The enhancement works in conjunction with the back-propagation weight update process, so that the actions of weight zeroing and weight stimulation enhance each other. It is shown that the error measure, can also be interpreted as rate of weight change (as opposed to ${\Delta}W_{ij}$), and consequently used to determine when weights have reached a stable state. Weights judged to be stable are then compared to a zero weight threshold. Should they fall below this threshold, then the weight in question is zeroed. Simulation of such a system is shown to return improved learning rates and reduce network connection requirements, with respect to the optimal network solution, trained using the normal back-propagation algorithm for Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Higher Order Neural Network (HONN) and Sigma-Pi networks.