• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.245-252
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• 2014

This study was investigated the change of concentration and toxicity of thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) on tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. TCL-SPION at the dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was intravenously injected into the tail vein of the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The fate of TCL-SPION in serum, urine and tissues was observed during 28 days. Serum iron level was maximal at 0.25 h post-injection and gradually declined thereafter. In addition, the sinusoids of liver and the red pulp area of spleen were mainly accumulated iron from 0.5 h to 28-day post-injection. In kidney, iron deposition was detected in the tubular area until 0.5 h after injection. Malondialdehyde concentration in the liver slightly increased with time and was not different with that at zero time. In the liver and spleen, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels of TS treated with TCL-SPION were not different with those of the control during the experimental period. From the results, TCL-SPION could stay fairly long-time in certain tissues after intravenous injection without toxicity. The results indicated that TCL-SPION might be useful and safe as a contrast for the diagnosis of cancer or a carrier of therapeutic reagents to treat diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1977

This study was designed to compare by the body composition in 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats during starvation previously fed with standard, high Carbohydrate, high protein or high fat diet. A) In different internal organs and skeletal muscles, the weights were differently reduced during starvation. Especially the weight reduction of liver was the highest level at $50{\sim}70%$, and adrenal glands did not change significantly. After death due to starvation, body weight decreased morethan 40% comparing to the initial body weight and epididmal fat pads disap peared completely. B) In rats starved to death, the changes of body composition (%) were following; lipid content was markedly reduced, while protein was similar to that of zero day starvation, ash increased slightly and water content increased. C) Five days starvation did not change body composition and body weight significantly. D) Effects of succeeding starvation after feeding 4 different diets were not significant, and it seemed that 4 different diets did not affect life span due to starvation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.544-545
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• 2013

Recently, low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasmas have been investigated [1,2] for biomedical applications and surface treatments. Experiments for improving hydrophilicity of stainless steel (SUS 304) plate with atmospheric microwave argon and H2O2 mixture plasma jet [3] were carried out and experimental measurements and plasma simulations were conducted for investigating the characteristics of plasma for the process. After 30 s of low power (under 10 W) and low temperature (under $50^{\circ}C$) plasma treatment, the water contact angle decreased rapidly to around $10^{\circ}$ from $75^{\circ}$ and was maintained under $30^{\circ}$ for a day (24 hours). The surface free energy, calculated from the contact angles, increased. The chemical properties of the surface were examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the surface morphology and roughness were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) respectively. The characteristics of plasma sources with several frequencies were investigated by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) measurement and one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation and zero-dimensional global simulation [4]. The relation between plasma components and the efficacy of the surface modification were discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.409-417
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• 2013

This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) intake, milk and dairy product intake, and serum vitamin D level on bone mineral density. The survey data from the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for adults (3,819 males, 5,625 females) aged > 20 years were examined; osteoporosis was defined according to the standards for Asian populations (T-score < -2.5). The risk for osteoporosis significantly decreased as Ca intake increased; this effect persisted (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 of Ca intake: odds ratio [OR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.87) even after adjustment for gender, age, and other factors (body mass index, serum vitamin D, menstruation, female hormone intake, menopausal status, and the number of days per week of muscular strength exercise). Additionally, the risk for osteoporosis significantly decreased as the Ca/P ratio increased (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: OR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98). The degree of risk was 0.96 (0.66-1.38) in those who consumed < 1 portion of milk or dairy products daily, and 0.71 (0.53-0.96) in those who consumed > 1 portion per day, compared with those who had zero intake. The risk for osteoporosis significantly decreased as the serum 25(OH) vitamin D level increased. From these results, we advocate an increase in Ca, milk, and dairy product intake, and that serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels be maintained within the normal range, for the maintenance of bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis in adults.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2010

Three biological aerated filters (BAFs) composed of a PVC pipe with a diameter of 75 mm were constructed and operated at a waste-water temperature at $13^{\circ}C$. The media used for each BAF were: 5-mm gravel; 5-mm lava rock; 12.5-mm diameter by 15-mm long plastic rings, all with a media depth of 1.7 m. The feedwater, which simulated the effluent of aerated lagoons, had influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and ammonia concentrations of approximately 50 and 25 mg/L, respectively. For a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of two hours without recirculation, ammonia percent removals were 98.5, 98.9, and 97.8%, for the gravel, lava rock, and plastic rings, respectively. By increasing the effluent recirculation from 100 to 200% for an HRT of one hour, respective ammonia removals improved from 90.1 to 96, 76.5 to 90, and 65.3 to 79.5% for gravel, lava rock, and plastic rings. Based on the ammonia and sCOD loadings for different HRTs, the estimated maximum ammonia loading was approximately 0.6 kg $NH_3-N/m^3$-day for the three BAFs of different media types. The zero-order biotransformation rates for the BAF with gravel were found to be higher than the lava rock and plastic ring media. The results ultimately showed that BAF can be used as an add-on system to aerated lagoons or as a secondary treatment unit to meet ammonia discharge limits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

In order to investigate stabilization effect on As-contaminated soils treated by zero-valent iron(ZVI) and industrial by-products, batch tests and column tests were carried out with As-contaminated soils collected from farmland around the abandoned mine site. In batch tests, ZVI and industrial by-products(blast furnace slag, steel refining slag and oyster shell powder) were used as treatment materials to reduce As. Industrial by-products were mixed with As-contaminated soils, in the ratio of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% on the weight base of dried soil. After incubation, all samples showed the reduction of As concentration and it was expected that ZVI and steel refining slag were effective treatment materials to remove As among treatment materials used in batch test. In column tests, columns were made by acrylic with the dimension of diameter=10cm, height=100cm, thickness=1cm and these columns were filled with untreated soils and treated soils mixed with ZVI and steel refining slag(mixing ratio=3%). Distilled water was discharged into the columns with the velocity of 1 pore-volume/day. During test, pH, EC, Eh and As concentration were measured in the regular term(1 pore-volume). As a result, ZVI and steel refining slag were shown 93%, 62% reduction of As concentration respectively by comparison with untreated soils. Therefore, if ZVI and steel refining slag are used as treatment materials in As-contaminated soils, it is expected that the As concentration in soils is reduced effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2014

This paper studied the detection technique using file DNA-based behavior pattern analysis in order to minimize damage to user system by malicious programs before signature or security patch is released. The file DNA-based detection technique was applied to defend against zero day attack and to minimize false detection, by remedying weaknesses of the conventional network-based packet detection technique and process-based detection technique. For the file DNA-based detection technique, abnormal behaviors of malware were splitted into network-related behaviors and process-related behaviors. This technique was employed to check and block crucial behaviors of process and network behaviors operating in user system, according to the fixed conditions, to analyze the similarity of behavior patterns of malware, based on the file DNA which process behaviors and network behaviors are mixed, and to deal with it rapidly through hazard warning and cut-off.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1997

A phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB) possessing a high ability to solubilize hydroxyapatite (HA) was isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat. The PSB markedly developed clear zones after inoculating for 36 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. This bacterium was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans through API 20E system and Biolog$^{TM}$ analysis. The values of similarity and distance coefficient from authentication trial of the strain were 0.656 and 4.79 respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the products of this strain indicated that this strain excretes maily oxalic acid with som other organic acids. During the incubation period of E. agglomerans, the pH values showed an inverse correlation ($r^2=0.933^{**}$) with solubilization of inorganic phosphate. Acid phosphatase activity of the strain was 10-15 times greater than alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity had almost constant near zero activity across time. The population of E. agglomerans greatly increased during the first day of inoculation ; however, it drastically decreased thereafter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1741-1746
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to determine the effects of feeding duckweed (Lemna minor) that completely replaced commercial protein supplements in diets for crossbred meat ducks. The experiment included five treatments, with four replicates and ten crossbred ducks per replicate (pen). The five diets were based on broken rice offered ad libitum, supplemented with either 27 (control, SB100), 19 (SB70), 15 (SB55), 12 (SB40) or zero (SB0) g/day of ground, roasted soya beans, with fresh duckweed supplied ad libitum, except for the control (SB0) treatment. A vitamin / mineral premix and salt were included in the control (SB100) diet, but not in the diets with duckweed. These diets were fed to growing crossbred meat ducks (Czechoslovak Cherry Valley hybrids) from 28 to 63 days of age, when two birds (one male and one female) per pen were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Total daily intakes were 95, 108, 108, 105 and 107 g of dry matter (DM) (p<0.001) and daily live weight gains 26.1, 29.1, 28.3, 27.1 and 27.6 g (p<0.001) for the SB100, SB70, SB55, SB40 and SB0 diets, respectively. Corresponding feed conversion ratios (FCR, dry matter basis) were 3.63, 3.71, 3.82, 3.89 and 3.88 kg feed/kg gain, respectively. There were no significant differences in carcass yields, chest and thigh muscle weights, and internal organ weights between the ducks fed the control diet and those fed duckweed diets. Fresh duckweed can completely replace roasted soya beans and a vitamin-mineral premix in broken rice based diets for growing crossbred ducks without reduction in growth performance or carcass traits. If the duckweed is grown on farm, and managed and harvested by household labour, the saving over purchased protein supplements is up to 48%.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.754-762
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• 2010

Nowadays, email-based targeted attacks using malcode-bearing documents have been steadily increased. To improve the success rate of the attack and avoid anti-viruses, attackers mainly employ zero-day exploits and relevant social engineering techniques. In this paper, we propose an architecture of the email vaccine cloud system to prevent targeted attacks using malcode-bearing documents. The system extracts attached document files from email messages, performs behavior analysis as well as signature-based detection in the virtual machine environment, and completely removes malicious documents from the messages. In the process of behavior analysis, the documents are regarded as malicious ones in cases of creating executable files, launching new processes, accessing critical registry entries, connecting to the Internet. The email vaccine cloud system will help prevent various cyber terrors such as information leakages by preventing email based targeted attacks.