• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.159-184
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• 2012

This study purports to analyze how individuals' labor market integration affect their transition to marriage. In doing so, I construct variables for job stability and continuity to represent labor market integration using labor force status and years of participation at the time of marriage and during the three years up to the point of marriage. In particular, I focus on differential effects of these labor market integration on the transition to marriage by cohorts: one for those who are likely to enter the labor market after the 1997 financial crisis and the other for those who are before the 1997 financial crisis. I used the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study and analyzed individuals aged above 18 in 2008. The main results are as follows. being currently employed and regular employment increases hazards of the first marriage for men but decreases them for women. long-term no-jobs decreases hazards of marriage for both women and men. long-term regular employment increases hazards of marriage for women but not for men at the statistically significant level. These effects vary by cohorts implying that recent economic and labor market instability deteriorated economic conditions for the youth making transitions to marriage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.406-419
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• 2017

This study is to explore the essence and meaning of part-time job experience, in particular, to deduce growth experience through part-time jobs. This study is based on time-experience of phenomenological research method developed by the van Manen. For this research, the research data was collected by reviewing high school student part timer in Gyeonggi-do, those who had experience of average of two-year part time work or currently at work, and by undertaking in-depth interviews with seven of them from the March to April of 2017 with the agreements of the participants of this study. Time-experiences, i.e. part-time job experiences of youths, can be arranged as the following subjects. 'the feeling necessity part-time job and seeking it', 'adapting hard life of part-time', growth-experiencing through part-time work..The necessities for part-time job are feeling up consumption needs, aidsing domestic economy, pursuing independence, social and leisure life, self growth and preparing for the future. Adapting of part-time jobs are mastering, enduring, skillfuling work related to work adatation, and enduring ostracizing of old members, stopping and lasting, building bonds related to relationship adaptation. Growth-experiencing through part-time work are formig rational management for money, mental growth, preparing for the future. Based on these findings, the suggestion and limitation of the study were presented.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-74
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• 2002

Since the Economic Crisis at the end of 1997, unemployment rate soared up to the record-high 8.6% (February 1999) and, for youth aged 15~29, it was 14.6% (27.8% for aged 15~19). In spite of economic recovery after the crisis, new participants in labor market at the school-to-work transition have faced with difficulties in finding their first jobs and, even further, the ratio of youth at out-of the labor force but not in school has remained at a higher level. It is important to calibrate the negative effects of nonemployment in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but there has been few study on the school-to-work transition in Korea. This study focus on the nonemployment duration to first job after formal education and comparison of its pattern before and after the crisis. A proportional hazard model, considering job prenaration before graduation (21.4% of the sample), with the semi-parametric baseline hazard is applied to the sample from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(1998~2000) and its Youth Supplemental survey(2000). Interview of the Survey is conducted, by the Korea Labor Institute, to the same 5,000 household and 13,738 individual sample, guaranteeing nationwide representativeness. The Supplemental Survey consists of 3,302 young individuals aged 15 to 29 at the time of survey and 1,615 of them who are not in school and provide appropriate information is used for the analysis. The empirical results show that there exists negative duration dependence at the first three or for months at the transition period and no duration dependence since a turning point of the baseline hazard rate and that unemployment rate reflecting labor demand conditions has a positive effect on exiting the nonemployment state, which is inconsistent with a theoretical conclusion. Estimation with samples separated by the date of graduation before and after the crisis shows that the effect of unemployment rate on the hazard was negative for the pre-crisis sample but positive for the post-crisis sample.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.396-409
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• 2006

In this paper, first I try to sketch the changing Japanese labor market after 1990s, and then examine the so-called "Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program" in detail, which was initiated in 2004 by central and local governments to help young people fine suitable jobs, and finally investigate the possible direction for future labor policy as an important tool for revitalize the local economy. Latter half of 1990s witnessed the high unemployment rate among the population aged twenties in Japan, and the number of 'shinsotsu-mugyo', i.e. population not at work after completing high school or university, NEET (not in employment, education or training) and 'freeters' have grown rapidly. "Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program" was initiated as a public response to the increased youth unemployment, aiming at assisting young people's transition from education to career. In the Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program, job information service by MHLW, information service for high school students and university students by MEXT, placement service of career internship by METI are integrated into one service, and are provided by local government initiative, therefore named as "one stop service of employment". Although it is highly appreciated for one stop service, the Job cafe program has criticized for paying too much attention to the performance of projects, such as the number of users, and the number of successful job matching. At the final section of the paper, more practical spatial unit for executing effective regional plan on local employment and more empirical research on job search behavior are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.221-262
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• 2018

This study aims to explore life experiences associated with poverty and discrimination in processes of growth, career exploration, entry into the labor market, and career accumulation of the working high school graduate youths. With this exploration, we also intent to grasp their difficulties and needs, thus look for policy tasks for them. The analysis is based on qualitative case study. The results are following. Typical working high school graduate youths choose not to go on to university under the influence of unfavorable economic situation of the original families. They enter the labor market without enough career exploration and try to continue working mainly in low-income and unskilled jobs. They usually work long hours to increase incomes, thus, do not have enough time to invest on their own human resources. They locate in a vicious circle of income poverty, time poverty, and skill poverty, but rarely protected by existing employment and income support programs. It is necessary to improve or introduces policy packages including labor market transition support for the high school graduate, education, training, and career exploration support, income support for the working poor, social network support, and support for reducing the dead zone of social insurances.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the resilience of families of middle-aged married men upon the perception of family stress. The subjects were 301 married men age 40.54 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method and a convenience sampling method. The data were statistically processed using the SPSS 18.0 program. First, participants who perceived family stress less and had higher family resilience tended to be better educated, have higher average family incomes, have permanent employment, be religious, and have no experience of unemployment. Participants who had low-paying, physical labor-based jobs or who were contract workers perceived family stress more and had lower family resilience. Second, among the variables that affected family resilience, those that most influenced the perceptual extent of family stress were the sense of belief system's family control, having a positive perspective, flexibility with regard to morality, religion, and organizational patterns, connectivity, family resources, communication-oriented mutual cooperative problem-solving, and emotional response. Third, the influence of family resilience upon the perception of family stress measured at 44.2% based on regression analysis and was statistically significant (F=4.606, ***p<.001).

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2004

This paper outlines the findings of a consumer survey conducted in 1996 and 2001 by the University of Bonn, Germany, across 15 European countries. The survey involved a sample of 3,300 respondents in 1996 and around 11,000 respondents in 2001, throughout all 15 EU countries. Children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 were surveyed on their consumption habits and their attitudes towards the environment. The paper outlines the key findings on "the process of socialization with money". Children come to appreciate the importance of money even before their first day at school. Even young children know you sometimes need cash to fulfil dreams. But the chance to experiment with money for real only comes when children first receive pocket money, usually from their parents. Later, in adolescence, consumer pressure starts to make an impact and it becomes more difficult to make ends meet. Spare time or holiday jobs help top up pocket money and enable adolescents to keep out of debt. This paper reports on a long term comparative study throughout the European Union among children and adolescents, analysed by country, age group and gender. The paper discusses the places young consumers can turn to in trying to fulfil their growing consumer needs. It also examines how much money is at their disposal. It then concludes by considering the influence of "financial socialization" on how young people deal with money.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.436-438
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• 2021

This content is implemented for active seniors who actively accept IT digital content as the current metaverse generation arrives. The elderly living in the nursing home can directly explore various parts of the map through the user scenario, so that they can recall their youth or experience various views, such as a place where they spent their lives in the past or a place where they can experience their jobs. In the current situation where the aftermath of Corona is getting stronger, the elderly living in nursing homes can have a positive effect on psychological stability and prevention of depression by using this content.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.923-931
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze differences in the perception of Gangwon-do residents using a satisfaction survey. The residents were found to be most satisfied with sectors such as parks/green spaces, landscape, and public order; however, they were least satisfied with transportation, culture, sports, medical services, and welfare facilities. Additionally, among all the items in the satisfaction survey, job satisfaction was the lowest. When comparing satisfaction trends observed in the city to those of the county, the overall satisfaction of the county was found to be slightly higher. This result could be attributed to young people being underrepresented in this survey in conjunction with the greater policy-level support for middle-aged people by from the government and Gangwon-do. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to create policies that primarily support young people and to also to create high-quality jobs with stable pay and employment prospects. This could minimize the outflow of youth and even encourage their inflow to similar small provincial cities. In Southern region and Seorak region of Gangwon-do, the satisfaction with gap between house price and region was low, which might be related to the increased demand for real estate throughout this area.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.189-224
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• 2010

Nowadays Korean society has a fast growing population of North Korean immigrant youth. Especially, North Korean immigrant youth, who are discontinuing formal education, experience difficulties in social exclusion and adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of adaptation and social support of North Korean immigrant youth discontinuing formal education, and to seek affirmative supporting plans and solutions for their adaptation. The methodology utilized for this study was a case study research. On the basis of the results and categorization, 'a network between overall categories and of early adaptation' was derived. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, the participants of this study experienced major difficulties during 'economical adaptation', and their economical adaptation was strongly interrelated with their 'educational adaptation'. The discontinuing of their education resulting from their fleeing period caused 'academic differential and age disparity.' Thus they could not enroll in the formal education system, and their insufficient educational background resulted in low wages and overwork due to manual labor jobs. Second, participants recognized 'interpersonal relations' as the most essential factor in adaptation, and 'social support' from the interpersonal relations played an important role in adaptation to and comfort in Korean society. 'Interactions with South Koreans' was recognized as a significant resource for gaining informational and appraisal support, but was not activated satisfactorily. On the other hand, interaction with North Korean immigrants was avoided by the reason that 'there's nothing to learn', however emotional support from North Korean immigrants of close relationship played an important role in participants' adaptation, especially in all aspects of psychological adaptation. Third, participants experienced a lot of difficulties and stresses in their 'physical health and psychological adaptation'. Their chronic diseases worsened by remaining untreated, and female perceived symptoms were observed more often than in male. Meanwhile, excessive 'stresses' from the unfamiliar environment of South Korea negatively affected their psychological adaptation. However, they were satisfied with sense of liberty and security from living in a democratic society.