• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 1988

For the effective utilization of Wild Korean lettuce(Youngia sonchifolia Max.), the chemical characteristics, contents of free sugar, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and minerals were analysed. Free sugars determined from the roots were rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose maltose, melibiose and raffinose, whereas raffinose was not detected from the leaves. Of amino acid composition in the roots glutamic acid content was largest followed by histidine aspartic acid, leucine and proline. As for leaves glutamic acid was highest fellowed by aspartic acid, leucine and histidine. Mtehionine and cystine were found in low content in both roots and leaves. Major fatty acid composition in total lipid(free and bound) were linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acid in both and leaves. P, K and Ca were rich minerals contained in the roots and leaves of Wild Youngia sonchifolia Max.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

This study examined the protective effects of an ethanol extract of Youngia denticulata leaf (YDL) and Youngia denticulata root (YDR), and Youngia sonchifolia leaf (YSL) and Youngia sonchifolia root (YSR) on acute ethanol-intoxicated rat. The rats were pretreated with an ethanol extract of YDL, YDR, YSL and YSR for 4 weeks before being exposed to ethanol (5 g ethanol, po/kg BW). The biochemical indices (hepatic alcohol metabolic enzymes and serum ALT activities, and hepatic and serum lipid profiles) were examined to evaluate the protective effects. The hepatic ADH activities in all experimental groups were not changed significantly by acute ethanol after a pretreatment with the YS and YD ethanol extracts. In contrast, the ALDH activity in EC (ethanol control) was higher than that of NC (normal control); these activities in the YDL and YSL groups were significantly higher than that of the EC group. On the other hand, acute ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in the serum TG, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, hepatic TG, total lipid and cholesterol levels, and serum ALT activity, and a decrease in the serum HDL-cholesterol. A pretreatment with the YS and YD ethanol extracts dramatically attenuated these adverse effects. In particular, the YDL pretreatment markedly suppressed the ethanol-induced increase in the serum and hepatic TG and total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, serum ethanol was decreased by a pretreatment with YSL, YSR, YDL, or YDR. Overall, YD and YS ethanol extracts attenuate acute ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia and fatty liver significantly. Nevertheless, further study will be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2003

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.389-399
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the hepatotoxicity reducing effect of ethanol extracts from Youngia denticulata Houtt Kitamura (YD) fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, which is well known as a Korean traditional meju microbe. Experimental rats were divided into 4 diets groups (six rats/group) (NC: normal control group, EC: ethanol supplemented control group, ENY: ethanol extracts 0.5% supplemented diets of the non-fermented YD group, EFY: ethanol extracts 0.5% supplemented diets of the fermented YD group). After feeding them for four weeks, the activities GOT and GPT in serum, contents of neutral lipid, total cholesterol, LPO and GSH, and activities of XO (O type) enzyme, SOD and GST in liver tissue were observed. Compared to the NC group, the GOT and GPT activities in the EC group were markedly increased by 87.91% and 57.02%, and the contents of neutral lipid, total cholesterol and LPO were increased by 77.51%, 18.56% and 193.86%, respectively. On the other hand, the GSH content was decreased by 29.52%. The activities of SOD and GST which are anti-oxidation-related enzymes, were decreased by 42.78% and 0.94%, respectively, compared to the NC group, but the XO (O type) enzyme activity was significantly increased by 70.83%. These results confirmed that the liver tissue and anti-oxidation system of the EC group had been damaged. Compared to the EC group, the GOT and GPT activities of the ENY and EFY groups were significantly decreased by 24.73~41.99% and 22.91~30.11%, respectively. The contents of neutral lipid, total cholesterol and LPO were decreased by 16.65~33.33%, 22.44~23.11% and 63.34~66.13%, respectively, but the GSH content was significantly increased by 24.61~35.60%. The GST activity was not significantly affected, but the SOD activity was significantly increased by 214.94~261.19%. The XO (O type) enzyme activity was significantly decreased by 40.34~51.20%. Compared to the ENY group, the GOT and GPT activities of the EFY group were significantly decreased by 22.93% and 9.34%, respectively. The plasma contents of neutral lipid, total cholesterol and LPO were decreased by 20.01%, 0.86% and 7.59%, respectively. The SOD activity was significantly increased by 21.52%, and the XO (O type) enzyme activity was decreased by 18.19%. Given decreasde TG, total cholesterol, LPO contents of liver tissue, GOT, GPT and XO activity, and increased SOD activity, these study results that ethanol extracts from fermented Youngia denticulata Houtt Kitamura may be effective in reducing hepatotoxicity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2013

Proximate composition, total phenolics and total flavonoids level, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity were determined in the methanol extracts of different plant parts of Youngia sonchifolia at reproductive growth stage. Crude protein and crude fat were present as the highest amount in flowers, and crude fiber in the stems and roots. The highest content of phenolics [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ dry weight (DW)] was found in flowers (highest) and followed by leaves, stems and roots (lowest). Flavonoids [mg rutin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] level, however, showed the highest in leaf extracts and lowest in root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts from the plants dose-dependently increased DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (%). DPPH radical scavenging activity were highest in root extracts ($IC_{50}=1,135.6\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and followed by leaf, stem and flower extracts. By way of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, methanol extracts of roots showed the highest anticancer activity on human cancer cell line Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma ($IC_{50}=196.3\;mg\;kg^{-1}$) and HCT-116 for human colon carcinoma ($IC_{50}=623.6\;mg\;kg^{-1}$).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1989

To search germination inhibitors in higher plants, first of all, some experiments containing selection of test weed seeds and effects of solvents and surfactants for bioassay establishment were conducted. Then MeOH-extracts of 45 plants were assayed for germination inhibition activities against Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Cyperus iria L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Oenothera lamarckiana Ser. seeds. Among them extracts from Rhathiolepis ovata Briat and Picea abies (L.) Karst showed strong inhibitory effect (60-90% inhibition) on the germination of tested weed seeds at 5000 ppm. On the other hand, the extract from Youngia sonchifolia Max stimulated the germination and growth of tested weeds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1996

Physicochemical properties of Youngia sonchifolia were compared according to harvesting time and brine methods for its Kimchi preparation. Moisture contents in the roots and the leaves of Y. sonchifolia grown for 5 weeks was more than those grown for 11 weeks. 5-week-grown Y. sonchifolia contained more total free sugar than 11-week-grown ones, and among total free sugar the content of fructose was the most, and the contents of glucose and sucrose were rather high. The roots of 11-week-grown Youngia sonchifolia were harder than those of 5-week grown ones. When the roots were soaked in NaCl solution, the hardness decreased with time. Salt concentration of the Kimchi of Y. sonchifolia increased by the brined material of the Kimchi with soaking time.Salt concentration of the Kimchi was higher in the leaves than in the roots.The roots and leaves of Y.sonchifolia grown for 11 weeks contained organic acids such as malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid,lactic acid, and citric acid,among which major organic acids were malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, whereas lactic acid and citric acid were minor organic acids.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

This research examined the effects of Compositae extract on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in human breast and human gastric cancer cells. Compositae extracts which is used in the experiment are Taraxacum coreanum (TC), Youngia sonchifolia (YS) and Ixeris dentata (ID). The proliferation of SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and AGS cells were investigated by MTT assay. ID and YS extracts inhibited proliferation of SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner, but TC have barely affected. In addition, the most effective extract was ID. To assess the apoptosis of ID extract, the nuclei of human cancer cells were stained with DAPI solution respectively. Chromatin condensation, indicated apoptosis, was increased in a dose-dependent manner. We investigated change of ID extract-induced apoptosis proteins on human cancer cells by western blot analysis. The level of Bcl-2 decreased, whereas the level of Bax, cleaved-PARP increased in dose-dependent manner compared with non-treatment. Also Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which is used in clinical indicator of apoptosis, was increased at ID extract treatment group compared with non-treatment. Moreover the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of MDA-MB-231 cell was significantly increased as against SK-BR-3, AGS cells. These results indicated that ID extract have anti-proliferation effect better than YS or TC, and induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell better than human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell, human gastric cancer. Even if further research is needed, ID can be developed as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent of breast cancer.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.354-359
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• 2010

In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activities and nitrite scavenging ability in leaf and root of Youngia sonchifolia Max. The leaf powder contained 4.3% of water, 53.9% of crude carbohydrate, 21.6% of crude protein, 3.5% of crude fat and 16.7% of crude ash. The root powder contained 4.8% of water, 65.9% of crude carbohydrate, 17.4% of crude protein, 3.2% of crude fat and 8.7% of crude ash. The major mineral elements both in leaf and root powder were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Contents of unsaturated fatty acids were higher than those of saturated fatty acids both in leaf and root powder. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of methanol extract in leaf were 3,922.4 mg/100 g and 1,903.2 mg/100 g respectively. In comparison, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of methanol extract in root powder were 1,898.4 mg/100 g and 359.8 mg/100 g. The antioxidative activities of several solvents extract of leaf and root powder were investigated by measuring electron-donating ability using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Of the each extracts, ethyl acetate extract of leaf and root powder showed relatively higher antioxidant activity; 94.3% in the leaf powder and 92.9% in the root powder. Nitrite scavenging ability was also highest in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf (45.4%) and root powder (28.8%). These results suggest that ethyl acetate extract of Youngia sonchifolia Max. can be used as a functional materials.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2008

In this study, we evaluated changes in the quality characteristics of Godulbaegi kimchi during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$. The pH and reducing sugar of Godulbaegi kimchi decreased, and the total acidity and color differences increased with increasing storage time at both temperatures. The vitamin C contents of the Godulbaegi kimchi decreased during the first 15 days of storage at $20^{\circ}C$, then increased for 18 days. The total dietary fiber contents were significantly higher in the fresh Godulbaegi kimchi than in the fermented Godulbaegi kimchi samples. Antioxidative activity was significantly higher in the fresh Godulbaegi kimchi than in the fermented kimchi.