• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.628-649
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to the poor school performance of the elementary school children. Two schools in Taegu, one in the affluent area and the other in the poor area, were selected and a total of 175 children whose school performance was within low 10 percentile (poor performers) and 97 children whose school performance were within high 5 percentile (good performers) in each class of 2nd, 4th and 6th grades were tested for the physical health, behavioral problem and family background. Each child had gone through a battery of tests including visual and hearing acuity, anthropometry (body weight, height, head circumference), intelligence (Kodae Stanford-Binet test), test anxiety (TAI-K), neurologic examination by a developmental pediatrician and heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Zn) in hair by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers for prenatal and prenatal courses of the child, family environment, child's developmental history, and child's behavioral and learning problems. Another questionnaire was administered to the teachers of the children for the child's family background, arithmatic & language abilities and behavioral problem. The poor school performance had a significant correlation with male gender, high birth order, broken home, low educational and occupational levels of parents, visual problem, high test anxiety score, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), poor physical growth (weight, height, head circumference) and low I.Q. score. The factors that had a significant correlation with the poor school performance in multiple logistic regression analysis were child's birth order (odds ratio=2.06), male gender(odds ratio=5.91), broken home(odds ratio=9.29), test anxiety score(odds ratio=1.07), ADHD (odds ratio=9.67), I.Q. score (odds ratio=0.85) and height less than Korean standard mean-1S.D.(odds ratio=11.12). The heavy metal contents in hair did not show any significant correlation with poor school performance. However the lead and cadmium contents were high in males than in females. The lead content was negatively correlated with child's grade(P<0.05) and zinc was positively correlated with grade (P<0.05). among the factors that showed a significant correlation with the poor school performance, high birth order, short stature and ADHD may be modified by a good family planning, good feeding practice for infant and child, and early detection and treatment of ADHD. Also, teacher and parents should restrain themselves from inducing excessive test anxiety by forcing the child to study and over-expecting beyond the child's intellectual capability.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.365-381
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• 2017

Based on the previous study (Park et al., 2015) which indicated positive results in the improvement of science teaching through the POCoM (Practical On-site Cooperation Model) application, this work concentrates on expanding the POCoM to more various teaching settings. To do this, 18 cyclic applications (72 teaching classes in total) of the POCoM were divided into (1) the first cycles and the second cycles conducted after the first cycles, (2) classroom teaching and laboratory teaching, and (3) cycles by our research team and cycles by other experts team. The comparison between the two parts were conducted using the improvement rates, the number of KTOP (Korean Teaching Observation Protocol) items which improvement was needed, and the change of these numbers according to teaching sequence. As results, no difference regarding the improvement was observed between classroom and laboratory teachings, and also between the first and the second cycles. When other experts team applied the POCoM, the number of KTOP items which improvement was needed was larger and the improvement rate was lower than those in the cycle by our research team. Nevertheless, these differences were not statistically significant, and also, it was expected that, if other experts team tries to improve science teaching through 6 teachings, the improvement by the other experts would be nearly the same with the improvement by our research team through 4 teachings. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the POCoM can be used in various teaching settings with the almost the same potency. Lastly, the necessity and possibility of the more detailed and qualitative analysis about the POCoM application are discussed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1998

Anticarcinogenicity of 12 kinds of colored rice cultivars was investigated in vitro with Ilpumbyeo as a control. Pigment and hexane fractions were prepared from the rice brans through extraction with 80% ethanol containing 0.5% TFA or n-hexane to use subsequent evaluation of their anticarcinogenic effect by determining inhibitory activity against DNA strand scission and tumor promotion, as well as antimutagenic activity using SOS chromotest system. Antimutagenic activity of the pigment fractions was revealed to decrease in order of LK1B4-12-1-1 > Sanghaehanghyulla > HP833-1-3-1-1 > Chokoto14 > Jagwangdo > Jajin > Kilmheugmi > Tiwan-Tsi-C > Heugjinmi > Linsia-Shoea-Dau > Suweon425 > Suweon415. The activity of the hexane fractions decreased in order of LK1B4-12-1-1 > Sanghaehyanghyulla>Ilpunibyeo > HP833-1-3-1-1 > Chokoto14 > Jagwangdo > Jajin > Linsia-Shoea-Dau >Tiwan-Tsi-C > Heugjinmi > Suweon425, Kilimheugmi > Suweon415. Results showed that inhibitory activity against DNA strand scission in the pigment fractions decreased in order of HP833-1-3-1-1 > Tiwan-Tsi-C > Jajin > Chokoto14 > Suweon425 > Heugjinmi > LK1B4-12-1-1 > Suweon415 > Jagwangdo > Kilimheugmi > Linsia-Shoea-Dau > Sanghaehyanghyulla. On the other hand, the activity of the hexane fractions decreased in order of LK1B4-12-1-1 > Suweon 415 > Kilimheugmi > Chokoto14 > Heugjinmi > Jajin > Suweon425 > Tiwan-Tsi-C > Sanghaehyanghyulla a Linsia-Shoea-Dau > Jagwangdo > HP833-1-3-1-1 > Ilpumbyeo. Experiment using the short-term assay for promotor substance showed that inhibitory activity contained in the pigment fractions against rumor promotor TPA decreased in order of Linsia-Shoea-Dau > Kilimheugmi > HP833-1-3-1-1, Suweon425 > Heugjinmi > Jajin > Chokoto14 > Sanghaehyanghylla > Suweon 415 > LK1B4-12-1-1 > Tiwan-Tsi-C > Jagwangdo.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral health education practice and schoolteacher's self-efficacy on oral health attitude. The data of 217 dental hygienists was subjected to path analysis using AMOS 16.0. Oral health knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and oral health education practice of schoolteacher were measurement variables of three path models. The goodness of fitness of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model and Knowledge-Attitude-Self efficacy -Practice model were acceptable. The regression weights of two models were statistically significant. Oral health education practice of schoolteacher gave impact on oral health attitude by mediation of self-efficacy of schoolteacher. Self-efficacy of schoolteacher was a important determinant of oral health education practice. Oral health attitude and practice were supposed to be mutual determinants of health behavior models.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.239-255
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand middle school Home Economics teachers' family value and needs on learning objectives of family life area, and to identify the relationship between the two. Data was collected from the survey mailed to the teachers responsible for family life area in $\lceil$Technology/Home Economics$\rfloor$ in middle schools in Korea. The collected 312 questionnaires were used for final analysis. SPSS/WIN program was used for calculating average, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA with post-verification scheffe., and correlation analysis. Followings are the summary of the results of this study. Firstly, the family value of middle school Home Economics teachers was relatively modern. They had very modem sense of value in all of the sub-areas such as sense of value on marriage. on gender role. on children, on filial love, and familism. Secondly, regarding needs on family life area of learning objects of Home Economics teachers, the requirement on emancipatory system of action was the highest. technical system of action was the next, and Communicative System of Action was the lowest. Thirdly, in the relationship between the needs of teaming objects of family life area and the family value, the needs of technical and interpretive behavioral system had few things to do with the family value. However. the needs on teaming object needs of emancipatory system of action was higher as the family value was modern. The trend in the relationship with needs was same in all the sub-areas such as sense of value on marriage, on gender role, on children. on filial love, and familism. However, the family value and the achievement level of family life area goals did not show significant correlation. Fourthly, regarding the family value and the needs on teaming objectives of family life area of middle school Home Economics teachers, those who were female, who had certificates for Home Economics Teaching, who were young and who had less experiences in teaching had more modem family value and required more teaming objectives in emancipatory system of action. Considering the results of the study, it is needed to emphasize the learning objects of emancipatory system of action in family life education by inducing consensus on the proposition that Home Economics subject is a critical and practical subject. To do this. it is needed to provide Home Economics teachers with emancipatory interest and mature family value through educating and refreshing them. It is desirable to separate Technology and Home Economics so that certificated Home Economics teachers could teach family life area. In that case they can teach the subject in the point of practical criticism. If the area is to be taught by other subject teachers there should be enough understanding on the philosophy and nature of Home Economics subject beforehand.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2010

The object of this study is to compare the cognitive differences between teenagers who are operating the internet shopping mall and those who are not operating to analyze the effect of the enterprise experience on the career maturity of teenager. And we are to present the operation methods of teenager entrepreneurship education at school by identifying the difficulties of teenager internet shopping malls and investigating demands of teenagers for the entrepreneurship education. The results of this study are as following. First, the internet shopping malls established by teenagers were mostly operated with small scale and capital dealt with clothing and fashion accessories. It is difficult for most of teenagers to inform the shopping malls and understand the flow of fashion and demands of consumers. They acquired the informations on enterprise using internet or acquaintances. This is because there are no professional teenager entrepreneurship education. And they chose the confidence and spirit of challenge which are mostly needed for success of the internet shopping malls. Therefore, they can acquire the confidence and spirit of challenge by effective entrepreneurship education on resource management, team management, business plan and marketing. Second, teenagers who are operating the internet shopping malls got higher scores on career maturity and degree of need in the entrepreneurship education than those who are not. Thus the expansion of the systemed and diversified entrepreneurship education at school is needed to increase business practice and entrepreneurship. Third, most teenagers wanted the entrepreneurship education at school. They preferred external lectures who can teach them with professional experiences and practical knowledges using discretional activity classes or club activity classes. Dividend classes of creative experience activities including career, voluntary and club activities are increased in 2009 revised education curriculum. Using these classes, it requires to operate the entrepreneurship education which make students decide their career themselves through concrete education and experience. Consequently, the expansion of the systemed and diversified teenager entrepreneurship education at school is needed using development of practical entrepreneurship education program, professional teacher training and revitalization of entrepreneurship club activities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.706-716
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the science process skills and teaching methods between the 6th and the 7th elementary school science textbooks. For this study, science textbooks and teacher's guidebooks from the 3rd to the 6th grade were analyzed. In this research the science process skills are divided by basic process skills(BPS) and integrated process skills(IPS). The BPS is composed of observing, classifying, measuring, predicting and inferring skill, which are 5 subcategories. The IPS is composed of problem cognition, formulating hypothesis, controlling variables, transforming data, interpreting data, drawing result, and generalization, which are 7 subcategories. The results found in the analysis of science process skills in the 6th and 7th science textbooks are as follows: 1. The percentage of the BPS was increased, but the IPS was decreased in the 7th than the 6th. 2. The percentage of the IPS was higher than the BPS in the 6th science textbooks, but the BPS was higher than IPS in lower grade and the IPS was higher than the BPS in higher grade in the 7th textbooks. 3. Observing and problem cognition skill were most dominant in the 6th and 7th science textbooks. 4. The percentages of observing(24.8%), classifying(5.4%), measuring(5.6%), inferring(6.0%) in the BPS and interpreting data(4.4%) in the IPS were increased, but predicting(3.8%), formulating hypothesis(0.5%), controlling variables( 1.8%), transforming data( 1.2%), drawing result(0.8%) and generalization(0.9%) skills were decreased in the 7th. And teaching methods suggested in the curriculum are as follows: the percentages of learning by observation(19.2%) and role play(0.1 %) were decreased, but learning by experiment(6.2%), learning by discussion(2.0%), learning by investigation(4.6%) and creative learning(6,4%) were increased in the 7th than the 6th. In conclusion, it was found that the basic process skills were emphasized in the 7th science textbooks than the 6th and the science process skills in the science textbooks of the 7th curriculum were distributed by the grade level of the elementary children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.193-215
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• 1991

This study is aimed at providing basic information applicable to setting up the education programs and strategies to prevent smoking among high school students by analysing smoking behavior and influencing factors. The samples consisted of 814 students, 557 parents and 362 teachers selected randomly from 8 high schools, one from each school district in Seoul. Date Analyses were made through Chi-Square test, Factor Analysis, One Way ANOVA, Multiple Regression, Correlation. SPSS/$PC^+$program was utilized. Smoking behavior (continuous smoking, re-smoking, ex-smoking, never smoking, daily smoking, occasional smoking) were used as dependent variables. Influencing factors (male students, habits, attitudes and knowledge toward smoking, home life, school life, juvenile delinquency, friendship, demographic parent's and teacher's recognition toward male students smoking) were used as in dependent variables. The major findings of the study are as follows : 1. The total smoking rate occupies 41.1% whereas the continuous smoking rate stands at 19.2%, re-smoking rate 9.5%, ex-smoking rate 12.4% and never smoking rate 58.9%. 2. The total smoking rate among high school students is significantly correlated with their monthly expenditures and type of school (p<0.001). The continuous smoking rate also shows the same tendency. As the length of butt get shorter, the current smoking rate increase. The duration of smoking is in proportion to its continuity. The major motive of smoking is curiousity whereas that re-smoking is to follow friend's behavior. The study shows that peer pressure is the most powerful factor influencing smoking behavior of students. Friends and fellow students encourage to pick up smoking and resume smoking even alter one stops smoking. 3. The correlationship between favorable attitudes toward smoking and the current smoking rate and its continuity is statistically significant(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). 4. The stability and harmony of family life and the current smoking rate show negative correlationship. The daily smoking amount of father is in proportion to the continuity of students' smoking. When parents are in favor of smoking, it is more likely that the experimental smoking rate increase the smoking rate increases, and vice versa. The more acceptable attitudes toward smoking among siblings is also one of the factors to increase the smoking rate and continuity (p<0.001). The more lenient the attitudes of parents toward their children's association with smoking friends, the higher the smoking rate. When students have difficulties in adjusting to school life, it is more likely that the current smoking rate and continuity increase. 5. The continuity of smoking and friendship are significantly correlated (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). 6. The continuity of smoking and juvenile delinquency are significantly correlated (p<0.001). 7. The difference in attitudes and smoking reasons of parents and students is significantly correlated to different smoking behavior (p<0.01, p<0.001). While smoking knowledge does not significantly influence their smoking behavior, it is noted that in the case of teachers, smoking reason (p<0.05), attitudes (p<0.001) and knowledge (p<0.05) strongly influence their smoking behavior. 8. There is a significantly correlation among the smoking reasons, attitudes and knowledge between students and parents(p<0.001). As for the correlationship between regularity and smoking amount and other influencing factors, the daily smoking amount is in proportion to depth of inhalation and duration of smoking, negative attitudes of parents unstability of family, dissatisfaction of family members, juvenile delinquency, strong smoking reasons and positive attitudes towards smoking. 9. In the case of daily smokers depth of inhalation is significantly correlated to the duration of smoking, juvenile delinquency, acceptability of parents, dissatisfaction of family members and smoking reasons. The duration of smoking motives is significantly correlated to juvenile delinquency, high acceptability of parents, strong smoking motive and positive attitudes toward smoking. 10. It is noted that 40% of parents and 30% of teachers do not recognize the significant correlationship between and the relative influencing factors mentioned above.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.121-142
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• 2006

Collecting materials for study on teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training, it changes. Dental technology's educational procedure to many ways of a prospect. In a circumstance that needed higher level of education, this study is aimed on realizing an importance of clinical training through the various materials that previously carried out and offering basic knowledge to take better clinical training for the students. Study results below 1. This Investigation conducted on 123 of sophomores(70.3%) and 52 of juniors(29.7%) who have been taken clinical training, and men's proportion(51.45%)is a bit higher than girls(48.6%). The 64% of respondents taken largest proportion were 20 to 24 years old. As 67.9% of respondents attended daytime school and 30.3% of them attended nighttime one, their school time shows a little difference. In a question about relation ship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 72.6% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered "normal" were the most with 59.4%. 2. About the reason choosing dental technology as a major, 41.1% taken the most answered "due to the specialized job", "Getting job easily" was second with 26.9%, and third was "recommended from around" with 18.3%. 50.3% of the respondents answered "normal" about the Satisfaction of their major, student marked in grade "B" most with 51.4% 3. In a investigation result about clinical training statues and preference, most(72.6%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and 60.6% of them resided own home. About their commuting time from home to training place, 44% was under 30min, 40% took time 30-60min. It shows students prefer shotter distance in terms of choosing training place. 4. Each part manager took large proportion as a clinical trainer with 33.7%, Training curriculum reform and developing method were most answer as a improvement measure after completing training with 30%. 5. The average of total score about clinical training was 3.15 of 5. In the detailed question, 'satisfaction of clinical training' got 3.38 as a highest score, the lowest score was 2.86 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average score about efficiency of study was 2.86 and in detailed question, 'a Role model' got 3.26 as a highest score and participation of student got 3.05 as a lowest score. 6. The result of T-test to see the difference of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of campus life(p<0.05), and teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with their age, grade, and satisfaction of campus life (p<0.05). 7. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01. Now, therefore we suggest following based on these result. 1. To elevate satisfaction of clinical training, it agentry needs development of consistent clinical training curriculum. 2. To grasp the satisfaction and requirement, in needs to measure anxiousness and satisfactory degree after completing training 3. To train efficiently and evaluate efficiency over the teaching activities, it needs to develop measuring tools for teaching efficiency in terms of teacher's important rules in a clinical training. 4. Strengthen the relations with the study developing and managing curriculum gathering theoretical knowledge and practice. And make an effort to apply to their students. 5. Let the trainee take a class setting a belief, sense of value, function and obtain behavior by making the students comfort over clinical training as increasing teaching efficiency.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop the elementary school science instructional material for nurturing students' creativity and to analyze the effects of this material on the changes of students' creativity. This material was composed of student's worksheet and a teacher's guidebook, in which are relevant to the elements of creativity and creative activities that can be applied to elementary science curriculum of 5th and 6th grades. Student's worksheets include various creative activities: imagination, guided imagery, experimental activity, mind mapping as wrap-up, and 'let's think' as an extended activity, game, puzzle, making a cartoon, to be, role playing, and so on. These materials were applied to 5th grade science class, 156 students. They were divided into two groups: the treatment group to which developed material was applied and the control group which was a traditional lecture-centered class. After this material had been applied for 3 months, students of both groups took a test of creativity. Interviews and observation were also carried out with three level groups (higher, medium and lower level) which were divided within the treatment group based on their creativity score. The results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed higher score on creativity than that of control group(p<0.01). In the result of interviews and observation, the students of the higher and the medium level accomplished their tasks by themselves better than those on lower level.All of them took an interest in visual activity. In a wrapping-up step, the higher level students made mind map more systematically and the medium students improved as time goes on, but low level students feel constrained. In totally, they used various expression methods and were interested in making drawings and cartoons creatively.