• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2010

Bacterial pustule of soybean (Glycines max) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases of soybean. This bacterium shows strong pathogenicity to the plants and distributes throughout Korea. However, no good control measures including bactericides and resistant cultivars are available to control the disease in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop chemical control method against soybean bacterial pustule. The present study was undertaken to find out the growth inhibitory effect bactericides (8 antibiotics, 2 copper compounds, quinoline, 18 agro-chemicals) on bacterial pustule pathogen. Antibiotics test showed that tetracycline and streptomycin sulfate significantly suppressed the growth of bacterial pustule pathogen. Also, application of oxolinic acid was found to be effective for pathogen inhibition. However, vancomycin, polymyxin B sulfate and copper compounds did not show the positive suppressive effect on growth of the pathogen. Among the eighteen agro-chemicals, streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracyclin (18.8 + 1.5%) WP, oxytetracycline (17%) WP and oxolinic acid (20%) WP were found to be effective for the inhibition of the pathogen in vitro. The selected 5 agro-chemicals were also applied on soybean in field and their control effects against the soybean bacterial pustule were tested. The foliar application of streptomycin sulfate + oytetracyclin WP and oxytetracycline WP on the naturally infected soybean (Taekwangkong) showed high control value (above 70%). Therefore, it is concluded that the bactericides used in this study showed strong inhibitory effect to soybean bacterial pustule and they can be recommend to farmers to control the disease.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 1981

For the investigation of efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen NPK simple trials were carried out using newly bred Tongil line(japonica indica hybrid selection) and the leading local varieties with sulfur coated area in fields for two years. The yield of Tongil line was higher than that of leading local varieties by 16% in the cool year and 23% is warm year with high solar radiation from NPK simple trials including SCU and 2-split application which were carried in 130 fields at 32 locations. Warm year increased yield by 9% in Tongil but only 3% in the local than the cool year did. Optimum nitrogen level was higher in Tongil by 3.8㎏ in the cool year and 5.5㎏ in warm year than for the local. Yearly variation of optimum nitrogen in the carne variety was greater than varietal variation in the same Year. Two-split application resulted in 1 to 2% of inconsistent yield variation. Sulfur coated urea increased yield by average 2 to 4% even at 20% reduced rate of nitrogen. It was remarkably effective in same $(27{\sim}39%)$, virgin (20%) and unmatured (10%) soils.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

Effects of the supplement of earthworm cast produced from the feeding of organic wastes and earthworm on the productivity and nutritional constituents of functional eggs were investigated. Compared with control experiments, the case supplemented with earthworm cast showed high ratios in egg production, selection and the reserved feed. According to the experiment with earthworm, both the number of jumbo eggs and the quantity of reserved feed were increased. Therefore, the nutritional effect of earthworm in the feed was positive. The optimum percentage of earthworm cast in the feed was 10%: the average laying increased to 96.8, which was a 5% increase; the ratio of the large eggs increased by 5% although the ratio of jumbo eggs and of extra large eggs decreased by 5% and 1.1%, respectively; the average reserved feed was 662.5g. Also, Beauveria bassiana was inoculated into the feed as valuable microorganisms to prevent the growth of pathogen and to obtain essential amino acid. With the inoculatio of B. bassiana KACC 40039, the average laying was 0.82/hen and with B. bassiana HYB, it was 0.77/hen. Those numbers were three to eight percentage over the control. As for the effect of inoculation of B. bassiana in the feed on the production of broken eggs, B. bassiana KACC 40039 produced no broken eggs. Analysis of nutritional contents of eggs showed the increase in protein content and decrease in lipid content when compared with the control. According to these results, increase in the income of farmers can be expected.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

The matter of cultivating entrepreneurship and will to start a business of university students majoring in agriculture and life sciences and college students majoring in agriculture as a future leader in the sector is a very important object of study. However, the discussion on entrepreneurship, establishment of a business and venture based on creative technology and innovative management have been scarcely had, because traditionally the majority of agricultural business has been a small-sized and simple business run by a small farmer. Education for starting an agricultural business in agriculture industry has been ignored even in the developed countries. ICT and AI(artificial intelligence)-based smart agriculture in the 4th Industrial Revolution Age is emerging as a new growth potential of our agriculture industry. Thus, the interest in farmers to start a business and venture agriculture is growing in the agriculture industry. Accordingly, the study draws the influence factors regarding the effect of the planned behavior of the university students who take part in the education course for starting an agricultural business and an agricultural venture business on entrepreneurship and will to start the business and conducts the empirical analysis. The businessmen who newly join the agriculture industry should perform the technical innovation and the creative business activities to be able to compete in the agriculture industry.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2007

The white-colored and the dark gray-colored mutants were frequently happened in cultivated areas of Pleurotus ostreatus (Wonhyeong-neutari). These caused conflicts between farmers and spawn companies. Our studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of mutagenesis. The results from the studies would provide valuable informations that could be used to prevent the color-related mutation, and also will be applied in breeding programs of P. ostreatus. Oyster mushroom variety, Wonhyeong-neutari, is somatic hybrid of Pleurotus and has genetic makers for arginine, ornithine, proline, riboflavine. Genetic markers analysis of monospore isolates derived from color mutants show identical tendency with that of Wonhyeong-neutari, these results indicate that color mutants were derived from Wonhyeongneutari. Twenty-one and four homokaryons were selected from the white-colored mutant MGL 2205 and gray-colored ASI 2029. All 34 F1 hybrids derived from the white-colored mutant MGL 2205 produce white-color fruiting bodies, indicating that the white color trait is heritable. In the first generation hybrids between the white-colored MGL 2205 and the gray-colored ASI 2029, all 16 hybrids produced pigmented fruiting bodies. Homokaryons isolated from the hybrid MGL 2205 X ASI 2029 were mated with homokaryon tester strains derived from MGL 2205. By these result, we could assumed that white color trait is a heritable character which is controlled by more than one recessive gene.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1039-1050
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• 2010

Carrot is one of the useful crops used abundantly in cooking in Western as well as Asia regions such as China and Korea. However, seed coats have hairs which should be removed to increase germination rate. Furthermore, because of seed hairs, farmers face several additional losses, such as time consumption, manpower, capital and so on, for seed handling. To prevent these problems, study of gene related hair formation using short-hair seed lines is required. We analyzed genes related to hair formation from seed through expressed sequenced tag (EST) profiling, based on the fact that the development of carrot seed hair is related to cellulose synthesis pathway in secondary cell wall synthesis stage. To study the gene expression related to hair formation of the carrot seed, a cDNA library was constructed by using the early maturation stage of the short-hair line (659-1) and hairy seed line (677-14). In short-hair (659-1) and hairy seed (677-14) lines, results from of EST profiling through BLASTX search analysis using the NCBI database showed that 172 and 224 unigenes had significant homology with known protein sequences, whereas 233 and 192 unigenes were not, respectively. All ESTs were grouped into 16 categories according to their putative functions. Twenty nine unigenes among all ESTs were considered to be genes regulating seed hair development from cellulose synthesis pathway during secondary cell wall synthesis stage; in results, 14 unigenes related to seed hair development were found only in hairy seed line.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2003

In order to get the actual pesticide usage data for fruit crops at farmer's gate, this survey was carried out on the growers of 6 representative fruit crops such as apple, citrus, grape, peach, pear and persimmon, in Korea. One hundred fifty farmers were selected in main production areas to record their pesticide usage during the growing seasons. Pesticides were sprayed in pear 15.2 times/year and persimmon 7 times/year. Pesticide input amount per unit for fruits was 39.5 for citrus, 22.1 for apple, 21.5 for pear, 11.9 for peach, 10.8 for persimmon and 6.7 a.i. kg/ha for grape, respectively. The amounts of pesticides sprayed in 2002 except for peach and pear tend to decrease compared with those in 1999. The major fungicides used were mancozeb, propineb, dithianon, etc., while the major insecticides were fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, etc. Total active ingredients of pesticides used for six fruit crops amounted to 18.3% of total sales amount of pesticides for horticulture in 2002. The amounts of pesticides sprayed on citrus, grape, peach and pear in Korea was less than those in U.S.A., excepting those in apple.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.429-436
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• 2017

A design thinking-based collaborative workshop in which various stakeholders in the milk processing industry circulation ecosystem participated shows a new problem innovation paradigm that encourages the spread of practical prototyping culture. in the expression of empathy and collective intelligence among members on facing issues, the conversion of collaboration and communication methods, the business handling of the organization based on the design work method as 'creativity mechanism'. In this workshop, which was promoted in three stages of 'approach to problems', 're-definition of problems', and 'experience-based future vision design', participants themselves redefine real problems in terms of the accuracy of feed orders between feed suppliers and livestock farmers, ordering of feeds on time, cost reduction of feed supply and present new alternatives and expanded business areas. The results suggested in this workshop suggest the usefulness of design thinking in business innovation in that they presented how to approach the problem and a creative thinking system to find its solution to direct and indirect stakeholders of the industry as well as the improvement of supply and demand rate of livestock feed and quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2009

농작업 활동시 건강유해요인 증가에 따라 농부증 및 농업인의 직업성 질환 유병률은 증가하는 실정이므로, 장기추적연구를 통한 실태분석 및 원인구명이 필요한 실정이다. 그 일환으로 본 연구에서는 농업인의 건강수준 평가를 위한 건강검진 항목 선정 및 측정방법 표준화, 농업인 건강 및 농작업 관련 행태조사를 위한 설문지를 개발하여 농업인 건강 및 작업수준을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 국내 농업인의 성별 연령대별 건강관리행태를 조사하기 위하여 2006년 5월부터 4개월간 18개 지역 남자농업인 550명(44.6%)과 여자농업인 683명(55.4%) 총 1,233명을 대상으로 직접면접조사를 실시하였다. 연령대는 50세이하, 51~60세, 61~70세, 71세 이상 4그룹으로 나누어 조사하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 농업인의 체지량지수(BMI)는 남성의 경우 연령대가 높아질수록 점차 낮아지는 경향을(p<.001), 여성의 경우는 다른 그룹에 비해 70세 이상 그룹이 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 2. 대상 농업인들의 주작물을 조사한 결과 시설작목과 특용작물의 경우 남성은 50대, 여성은 40대 그룹이 가장 많은 것을 제외하고 대부분의 작목은 60대 그룹이 가장 많았다. 3. 지난 1년간 의료기관 방문 횟수와 의료비를 조사한 결과 남성(p<.001)과 여성(p<.001) 모두 연령대가 높을수록 점차 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 규칙적인 운동시행여부를 조사한 결과 여성은 연령대와 운동여부간에 유의한 관련이 있는 것으로(p<.001), 남성은 유의한 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 농부증정도(농부증 없음. 의증. 양성)를 조사한 결과 남성(p<.01)과 여성(p<.001) 모두 연령대와 농부증간에는 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과들을 바탕으로 농작업 재해 실태 파악과 원인구명을 위한 작업개선방안 제시하고, 예방할 수 있는 대책을 수립함에 있어서 국내 농업인의 작업부담을 경감시키고 건강수준을 증대시키기 위한 방안들이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.453-458
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• 2011

The MC1R (Melanocortin 1 receptor) gene has been known as a causative gene of the coat colors in mammals and responsible for the E (Extension) locus which has three alleles ($E^D$, $E^+$, e) that determines coat colors. The dominant allele $E^D$ produces black or brown colors due to the missense mutation and the recessive e allele has frameshift mutation which shows red or yellow coat colors. Whereas the wild type $E^+$ produces variety of colors due to the interaction with A (Agouti) locus. In this study, PCR-RFLP was performed using two restriction enzymes (BsrF I and MspA1 I) in order to obtain MC1R genotypes in Korean brindle cattle and black cattle. The results showed that all of the animals have the $E^+$ alleles, indicating the $E^+$ allele might related with black coat colors. Later on, the experiments expanded to the 260 Korean candidate bulls whether these animals have the same $E^+$ allele. Among 260 samples investigated, 5% (13/260) of the animals had $E^+$e genotypes, indicating the $E^+$ allele is also present in the candidate bulls in a low frequency. Even though we expected that A locus also affect the black coat color in cattle, all the black coat color animals (brindle and black) have $E^+$ alleles in this study. Therefore, the genotyping of the MC1R gene in candidate bulls will recommended be applied for eliminating of black coat colors in Hanwoo population, if the farmers need to have the brown coat colors only.