• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-228
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.533-545
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• 2014

Farmers' perception on actual raising conditions and breeding improvement for Hanwoo were surveyed and analyzed in order to utilize such data as basic resources for further development of courses of Hanwoo improvement and instructions on raising techniques. The survey was held based on Hanwoo farmers in Gyeongbuk region and the results for the analysis were as follow. Candidate cattle for breeding was selected in consideration of 'appearance, body shape, and pedigree-registration' (39.0%) and 'artificial insemination' (38.6%) was the most frequently used breeding method for the breeding cattle. 'Body length' was revealed to be the most considered factor while purchasing fattening calves and the castration for the fattening calves were mostly performed when '6~7 months after the birth'. The farmers also responded that they 'try to comply with over 80% of items specified in program for production of high quality beef' in order to produce high quality beef. However, the farmers believed that '12 months after the birth' was the most economic market month. Although the results differed by each items surveyed, majority of those results showed statistically significant differences with significance level of 0.05 upon the surveyees' general characteristics and demographic factors including level of education, age, occupation, and family man power. Most surveyees responded 'around 30% of shipping heads' (22.1%) for the prevalence of beef graded better than 1++ grade when shipping, however, no significant differences in between general characteristics of surveyees were observed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2013

We examined the use of basic forage data and indicators of forage productivity in different regions of Korea. The productivity of winter forage crops was evaluated from mid to late May 2012 by directly collecting information from farmhouses. A survey of winter forage crop productivity was conducted with 66 farmers in 16 regions; including, Italian ryegrass (IRG) from 22 farmers in 11 regions, whole crop barley from 21 farmers in eight regions, rye from 11 farmers in five regions, and IRG mixed with whole crop barley from 12 farmers in six regions. The results indicated that the Konju region exhibited higher yields of dry matter (DM) forage (15,128 kg/ha) and that the Dangjin region (reclaimed land) showed the lowest (3,885 kg/ha). The average yield of DM forage was 9,418 kg/ha. Yields of whole crop barley and IRG mixed with whole crop barley were comparatively higher than those of rye and IRG. We conclude that overall forage productivity was influenced by farmer's cultivation ability rather than the forage cultivation environment.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1999

As Japanese economy has been well developed, the manpower problem of farmland has also become one of the largest and the most crucial issues in the overall agricultural policy of the Japanese Government. Particularly, the energetic younger generation and a core of agricultural labor force, has drastically decreased, while the weak older generation has increased. The severity of manpower shortage in agricultural sector led to create a farmer training programs which had been vigorously begun by the Yamagata Prefecture, and a center for promoting local autonomy. The major purpose of education for enhancement of status of future farmers as well as the welfare of core farmhousehold is to provide them with technical of vocational education to give training to those who want to become agricultural technicians, rural leaders of practical farmers Educational program for future and young farmers put emphasis on practical trainings which are directly applied to proper farm management. As a supporting policy for promoting future farmers' activities, Prefecture-level supports were strengthened to develop technical capability, managerial and supervisory ability, and the ability to lead organized activity so that the farm youth may operate modern farms with higher efficiency and greater specialization. Political consideration was also made to develop a rich sense of farm management as well as the adaptability necessary to introduce technical and managerial innovations. Methological measurements on how the Korean government has to do for solving the problem of agricultural manpower facing in farmland in Korea were noted.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2000

Objectives and Methods : This study was conducted to investigate chief complaints among famers. The subjects of this study were 640 famers who live in the rural area in Wanju-gun Jeonbuk province. They were received medical treatment by oriental doctors who visited each village from July 1996 to June 1999. The data of this study were collected from their medical charts . Results and Conclusions : The number of female patients was 449(70.16%) and the number of male patients was 191(29.84%). The group of patients above 70 years was 32.81%, 60-69 years 32.03%, 50-59 years 20.15%, 40-49 years 8.90%, and bellow 39 years 6.09%. The most frequent complaint in farmers was low back pain(27.16%) the second was knee joint pain(16.14%), the third was shoulder Pain(12.06%), and the fourth was headache-dizziness(9.59%). The frequency of musculoskeletal disease(64.48%) was most high, and cardiovascular disease(11.33%) was the second, gstrointestinal disease(10.73%) was the third, respiratory disease(3.42%) was the fourth. It is necessary to pay attention to musculoskeletal disease-especially low back pain and knee joint pain- in study and treatment of farmer's disease.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.251-264
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify the factors that influence young entrepreneurs' desire to start a smart farm business. Young entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurship, and Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were modeled structurally, and the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition was investigated. Data were conducted from 159 usable questionnaires. The following are the findings of this study. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy did not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention, but entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were found to have a mediating effect on entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, the preparation of training programs to encourage entrepreneurship or the dissemination of pertinent information to identify opportunities should take precedence over immediate startup.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2019

Ginseng has a unique production system that is different from those used for other crops. It is subject to the Ginseng Industry Act., requires a long-term cultivation period of 4-6 years, involves complicated cultivation characteristics whereby ginseng is not produced in a single location, and many ginseng farmers engage in mixed-farming. Therefore, to bring the production of Ginseng in line with GAP standards, it is necessary to better understand the on-site practices of Ginseng farmers according to established control points, and to provide a proper action plan for improving efficiency. Among ginseng farmers in Korea who applied for GAP certification, 77.6% obtained it, which is lower than the 94.1% of farmers who obtained certification for other products. 13.7% of the applicants were judged to be unsuitable during document review due to their use of unregistered pesticides and soil heavy metals. Another 8.7% of applicants failed to obtain certification due to inadequate management results. This is a considerably higher rate of failure than the 5.3% incompatibility of document inspection and 0.6% incompatibility of on-site inspection, which suggests that it is relatively more difficult to obtain GAP certification for ginseng farming than for other crops. Ginseng farmers were given an average of 2.65 points out of 10 essential control points and a total 72 control points, which was slightly lower than the 2.81 points obtained for other crops. In particular, ginseng farmers were given an average of 1.96 points in the evaluation of compliance with the safe use standards for pesticides, which was much lower than the average of 2.95 points for other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to train ginseng farmers to comply with the safe use of pesticides. In the other essential control points, the ginseng farmers were rated at an average of 2.33 points, lower than the 2.58 points given for other crops. Several other areas of compliance in which the ginseng farmers also rated low in comparison to other crops were found. These inclued record keeping over 1 year, record of pesticide use, pesticide storages, posts harvest storage management, hand washing before and after work, hygiene related to work clothing, training of workers safety and hygiene, and written plan of hazard management. Also, among the total 72 control points, there are 12 control points (10 required, 2 recommended) that do not apply to ginseng. Therefore, it is considered inappropriate to conduct an effective evaluation of the ginseng production process based on the existing certification standards. In conclusion, differentiated certification standards are needed to expand GAP certification for ginseng farmers, and it is also necessary to develop programs that can be implemented in a more systematic and field-oriented manner to provide the farmers with proper GAP management education.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2017

Chicken production remains the foremost endeavor in the Nigerian livestock industry. However, disease incidence has been a major constraint on the growth of this subsector. This study assessed health management practices and disease incidence in smallholder chicken production enterprise in Southwest Nigeria using data from a farm survey of 240 farmers selected using a multistage sampling technique from 5 of 6 states in Southwest Nigeria. The study showed that vaccination was given by 96.8% of the famers, 97.8% dewormed their chickens, and 92.9% disinfected the coops against diseases. However, 37% of the farmers regularly consulted veterinarians, 25.7% consulted them during disease outbreaks, and 34.2% occasionally consulted veterinarians. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), coccidiosis, and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) were the major diseases reported by 17.1%, 12.9%, and 7.1% of the farmers, respectively. Mortality rate was 37.8%, although this varied with disease. However, there was a growth of 157.4% in stock size between the establishment of the farms and the survey period.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2006

Recent trends of global food production, processing, distribution and preparation under free trade circumstance are creating an increase in common' concerns about food safety. It is important that farmers improve agricultural products/food safety for satisfying consumer needs and health. Cognizant to the situation, this study was conducted to analyze how the Producers gather information, and determine their awareness about agricultural Products safety using a safety Questionnaire. The Questionnaire was given to 500 farmers who cultivate rice, fruit trees, vegetables, and other crops from September through October 2005. More than half of the producers felt concerns about the agricultural products/foods safety. Uneasiness of the producers was higher amongst those who were younger and earned a higher income. Pesticides and zoonosis (BSE AI, etc.) emerged as the main risk factors causing concerns among the greatest number of producers. Producers had a positive opinion of the effects and perception of food safety, but no opinion of the activity of government. The producers showed a high level of understanding of the Country of Origin Labeling System (88.2%), the quality certification system of agricultural and livestock products (71.9%), and the raising system of environment-friendly agriculture (72.7%). However, their level of understanding of the GAP (59.3%) and the Traceability System (22.8%) was still low. To effectively implement these policies, awareness of producers who are the beneficiaries of the above policies has to be enhanced. Therefore, the safety information should be provided at a more appropriate time and should be easier to understand.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to find good design for summer functional farm shoes under the agricultural environment and working characteristics, which can help safe farm work and further promote the efficiency of working. Background: Most accidents at farms were overturn accidents caused by slipping or falling, and it was found that the main factors which caused the overturn accidents were inappropriate work shoes for the working conditions. These inappropriate work shoes often cause overturn accidents in the rural areas with steep paths. Method: A survey on work shoes was conducted with 174 farmers, and the outcome of this survey was used to find problems of work shoes and improvement ideas for the design of work shoes which can be used at farms. Results: Regarding the form of farm shoes, the ankle height was set at 6 inches to prevent the bending of the ankle and the inflow of foreign substances. The size and groove of the pattern of the outsole were extended to prevent catching of foreign substances. In the upper part, polyurethane and cordura were used in combination to secure air permeability, which was pointed out as the reason for the discomfort during the work wearing existing work shoes. Conclusion: Since farmers felt discomfort with the shoes which they were currently wearing, this study suggested a design of farm shoes by analyzing the important matters of the work shoes in development in order to improve such discomfort. Application: This study can help develop farm shoes that would practically ease farmers' burden of working at farm worksites and keep them safe.